摘要
本文系统研究了中小企业经理对各种经营决策风险的认知与评估，并对经理人格特质与风险决策进行了相关研究。
81名企业经理填答了风险决策认知表和管理人员人格特质问卷。
结果显示，竞争性、果断性、勤奋性是企业经理最重要的人格特质，与各类风险决策均有显著相关。同时，不同类型的风险决策与不同的人格特质相关。结果如下：
1．对于企业战略风险决策，企业经理认为市场分析与预测不准、政策不稳定、经济政策调整等风险因素较大；竞争性、果断性、关心人等人格特质与战略风险决策相关。
2．对于投资风险决策，企业经理认为市场分析与预测有误、经营管理不善、经济政策变更等风险因素较大；竞争性、责任感、果断性、关心人、勤奋性等人格特质与投资风险决策相关。
3．对于新产品开发风险决策，企业经理认为开发项目选择、市场需求变化、开发能力有限、后继资金不足风险较大；竞争性、果断性、积极性人格特质与新产品开发风险决策显著相关。
4．对于人事风险决策，企业经理认为对人了解有误、本人信心不足、对本人适合与否判断有误等风险因素较大；竞争性、果断性、成就动机、积极性、坚持性人格特质与人事风险决策有正相关。
5．对于营销风险决策，企业经理认为产品质量有问题、产品适销不对路、企业形象、代理商缺乏信誉、消费需求变化风险较大；竞争性、果断性、勤奋性、关心人、积极性人格特质与营销决策相关。
This thesis has investigated the perception of risk in types of situation and their decision making . Then, investigated the relationship of the personality and decision making under risk.
The Risky Decision Making Survey is administered to 81 company managers .
The result indicates that aggressiveness , firm ,and motivation are the most important personalities of managers ,and the three personalities have broad relationship with the risky decision. And different types of risky decision have relationship with personalities. That is to say special position needs special personality.
The result as follow:
(1) Inaccurate market analysis and prediction, instable politics and the changes of economic policy are the more risky elements to strategy decision; The personalities of Aggressive, Firm, Humanity have the positive relationship with the strategy decision .
(2) Erroneous market analysis and prediction, fail of management, the changes of economic policy are the more risky elements to investment decision; The personalities of Aggressive, Firm, Humanity, Responsibility and Diligence have a broad relationship with the investment.
(3) Wrong choice in development project, the changes of market demands,
limitation of the development ability and shortage of the development fund are the more risky elements to new production development decesion. The personalities of Aggressive, Firm, and Diligence have a broad relationship with the new production development decesion.
(4) Unfamilarity with oneself and misjudgement in quality of oneself are the more risky elements to personal decision; The personalities of Aggressive, Firm, Diligence, and Motivation of success have positive relationship with the personal decision.
(5) Defects in product quality, bad market of the product, the appearance of company, and the changes of consumers demands are the more risky elements to market decision; The personalities of Aggressive, Firm, Diligence, and Humanity have a broad relationship with the market decision.
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