瑞香狼毒地上部次生代谢物质生物活性与化学生态特性的研究
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摘要
本文以瑞香狼毒(Setellera chamaejasme L)地上部分特别是瑞香狼毒叶为研究对象,对其次生代谢物质的抗肿瘤、抗菌活性进行了研究;对其生物活性物质的化学组成及其动态积累分布特征进行了研究。其目的在于揭示瑞香狼毒地上部分是否具有同类于其地下部分的药理药效成分,特别是抗肿瘤成分。为开发利用瑞香狼毒地上部分提供实验依据。
     抗肿瘤活性研究结果表明:瑞香狼毒叶不同极性溶剂的提取物A、B、C对S_(180)的抑瘤效果分别是42.68%、42.56%、36.77%。说明三种提取物均有显著的抗肿瘤活性。
     抗菌活性的研究结果表明:单体3在1/10000浓度时对大肠杆菌有明显的抑制作用。同时,相同浓度比较下,该单体对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用大于对大肠杆菌的抑制作用。由以上的研究结果从次生代谢物质生物活性特征方面为瑞香狼毒地上部分的利用提供了可行性的依据。
     通过提取、硅胶柱分离及UV、~1H-NMR、~(13)C-NMR、MS的鉴定技术,从瑞香狼毒叶中分离鉴定出两中具有抗肿瘤活性及其它重要生物活性的香豆素类化合物瑞香素和瑞香甙。
     运用GC-MS手段对瑞香狼毒叶中5个组分进行了分离鉴定。结果表明有26种物质均为首次在该植物中发现。它们依次是:2-羟基-二甲基丙酸、4-甲基-1-庚烯-4-醇、5-甲基-3-乙醇、1-环戍基-1-丙醇、2,6,11-三甲基十二烷、2-丁基-1-辛醇、1-十八碳烯、3,7,11,15-四甲基-2-十六碳烯、龙脑、2-丙基-1-癸醇、二十碳烷、二十一碳烷、二十二碳烷、2,6,10,14-四甲基-2-十六碳烯、二十七碳烷、二十八碳烷、二十九碳烷、三十五碳烷、1-十九碳醇、油酸、二十五碳烷、二十四碳烷、9,12-十六碳二烯酸甲酯、9,12,15-十六碳三烯甲酯、苯丙噻唑。
     对瑞香素的测定进行了高效液相色谱的方法学研究。确定应用HP-1050高效液相色谱仪测定瑞香素的色谱条件为:①色谱柱:Allteck
    
    C18乃0…X牛石sin,stw柱;②流动相:甲醇:水斗O:60;③检测波长:
    310urn;④柱温:28℃;⑤进样量:10ul。
     对瑞香素标准品、样品的光谱纯度检测,光谱纯度因子均达到百分
    之百。这一结果证明被分离的物质有极高的纯度,可做为标准品使用;
    色谱条件及提取样品的方法正确,测试结果可靠。
     瑞香狼毒地上植株不同部位瑞香素测定的结果为叶1厂6%、花
    l.600、茎0.58O、根0.370。可见瑞香素在叶中的含量最高。地上部
    分的含量远大于地下部分的含量。山此瑞香素的动态分布数量特征为
    瑞香狼毒地上部分的开发利用提供了可行性的依据。
     不同地区瑞香素测定的结果表明以叶含量为例道德苏木地区
    1.760、科右前旗0.73O、长岭0.slO。可见不同地区瑞香狼毒药用品
    质存在差异。就瑞香素而言,道德苏木地区瑞香狼毒地上部的药用品
    质要好于其它两地。
The paper's study object is above part of Stellera chamaejasme L., especially its leaves. The study went on three aspects: antitumor and antibacterial activity, components of bioactive substances and their diversity and dynamic distribution.
    The study result on the antitumor activity indicated: three different polar extracts of Stellera chamaejasme L.'s leaves-A, B and C had obvious antitumor activity. Their activities of inhibition on S-180 were 42.689%, 42.559% and 36.771%, separately.
    The study on antibacterial activity showed the compound 3 inhibited the Escherichia coli obviously when the concentration is 1/10000. At the same time, the inhibition activity on Staphylococcus aureaus is stronger than that on Escherichia coli when the concentrations were same. Study on the secondary metabolites' bioactive activity provided basis for the exploitation of above part of Stellera chamaejasme L.
    Through solvent-extraction, silica gel TLC and UV, 'H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS, est., daphnetin and daphnin were separated and identified from Stellera chamaejasme L.'s leaves. They all had antitumor activity and others.
    Five compounds were separated and identified by GC-MS from Stellera chamaejasme L.'s leaves. The result showed there were 26 components found in the plant for the first time. They were: 2-hydroxy-methyl Propanoic acid, 4-Methyl-1-hepten-4-1, 5-Methyl-3-Hexanol, 1-Cyclopentyl-1-propanol, 2,6,11-trimethyl-Dodecane, 2-Butyl-1-Octanol, 1-Octadecyne, 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-l, 2,4-dimethyl-3-Pentenal, borneel, 2-propyl-l-Heptanal, Heptacosane, Eicosane, Heneicosane, Docosane, Pentacosane, Octacosane, Nonadosane, Pentatriacontane, 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-2-Hexadecene, Nonadecanol, oleic acid, 1-Tetracosanol, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid methyl ester, Octadecatrinoicacid, Benzothiazole.
    The means of HPLC, which identified the content of daphnetin, was studied carefully for its methodology. The condition of HP-1050 determining thedaphnetin was: chromatogram colum: Allteck C18(250mm +4.6mm, 5um); mobile phase: methanol : water-40:60; wavelength: 310nm; temperature: 28 C; injection quantity: 10ul. The sample's extraction condition: weighed l.000g crushed leaves of Stellera
    
    
    
    chamaejasme L. exactly, then extracted it by ultrasound in 5ml 75% ethanol solution for 1.5 hour, filtrated and kept its volume in 10ml volumetric flask.
    During the spectral purity identification on sample and standard sample, the check result of spectral purity factor was 100%. The result tested that the purity of identified compounds was normative, the method of pre-management was correct. So the conclusion about data was creditable.
    The distribution of daphnetin's content in above part of Stellera chamaejasme L. was: 1.76% in leaves, 1.60% in flowers, 0.58% in stems, and 0.37% in roots. So we can conclude that daphnetin's content was highest in the leaves, and the content in above part of plant was more than that underground, daphnetin's dynamic distribution and diversity provided exploitation feasibility on the above part of Stellera chamaejasme L.
    Take leaves as example, daphnetin's content was discrepant in different areas: 1.76% in Daode zone, 0.73% in Kerqin, and 0.81% in Changling. It indicated there existed difference on the Stellera chamaejasme L.'s medicine value in different areas. As far as daphnetin, Stellera chamaejasme L.'s medicine value coming from Daode was better than other areas.
引文
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