现代肉羊生产专家系统
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摘要
基于Internet的现代肉羊生产专家系统是利用赵有璋教授从事养羊业科学研究多年积累的研究成果和经验知识，采用ASP、VBScript、JavaScript等先进网络语言、网络数据库技术和可视化程序语言开发的。它具有可靠性好，使用方便快捷，可操作性强，更新快的特点。
现代肉羊生产专家系统的面向对象为非专业用户(普通用户)和专业用户(管理员)。非专业用户是指只能利用系统咨询功能的用户，他们可以直接进行养羊业概论、羊场建设、草地建设、引种、遗传育种、繁殖、饲养管理、疾病防治、羊产品加工与利用九个模块的咨询；也可以利用BBS模块的互动功能通过网络向专家发送疑问而得到在线专家的答疑。专业用户是指除了可以利用系统的咨询功能之外还可以对系统进行维护管理的领域专业人员，他们可以根据自己获得的知识和新的研究成果、技术等对系统数据库进行修改、添加、删除等操作以实现对系统的不断完善、更新和升级。
现代肉羊生产专家系统的创建过程包括知识的获取、系统的研制与开发、虚拟网络环境的建立三个部分。本专家系统采用人工知识获取方式，知识工程师将获取的知识按一定的规则进行整理并建立知识库，并依据知识规则的特点选择正向推理机制，采用源代码开放的ASP等语言编程进行开发。开发过程包括网站的建立和网页的设计、树型菜单的制作、动态图像的设计、单选框的制作和连接、下拉框的制作及数据库调用、系统维护及查询、搜索功能实现等步骤。由于本专家系统是基于网络的，因此，如果系统在服务器上运行，用户可以直接通过网络进行访问；如果在PC机上运行就需要建立虚拟网络环境。虚拟网络环境的建立包括Internet信息服务或PWS服务和索引服务的添加、虚拟网络和虚拟目录的安装、ODBC数据源的连接、Java虚拟机的安装四个过程。
现代肉羊生产专家系统的功能因用户权限不同而异。非专业用户有浏览、搜索、查询功能，可通过用户咨询栏注册后咨询问题，并能读取专家对前一次问题的答复，通过养羊知识论坛查阅并评论其他用户发表的意见看法，也可发表自己在养羊生产中得到的某些经验知识，用户可通过自己设置的密码进入文章，进行修改和删除；专业用户具有对数据库进行更新和维护——包括浏览、修改、删除和添加内容，通过专家答疑栏回答用户所咨询的问题，维护和删除养羊知识论坛等权限功能。
Expert system of modern mutton sheep production (ESMMSP) based on internet was developed with advanced internet language ASP, internet database technique, visual program language VBScript and JavaScript. Professor Zhao Youzhang offered most knowledge of the expert system. User-friendly and easy-update were mainly traits of ESMMSP.
ESMMSP can propose advice and service for both non-technical users and professional users. Non-technical users can only refer to the expert system, they may acquire common sheep knowledge about sheep farm construction, tame grassland construction, mutton sheep introduction, genetics, breeding, reproduction, feeding management, sheep diseases, sheep production, etc. They can also send related question to expert and acquire answers from expert on-line through BBS module at the same time. However, professional users can manage the expert system besides making use of the consultation function. They can make expert system more perfect through modifying the existent knowledge or adding new research results.
ESMMSP was consisted of three components: knowledge collection, system development and establishment of dummy Internet environment. We used artificial method to collect knowledge of ESMMSP which including text file, picture and all kinds of design for sheep farm and management. Knowledge engineer transacted the collected knowledge by definite rule and established the knowledge base and database, then chose suitable reasoning mechanism according to character of the knowledge rule. The system was developed with ASP language which source code is on-limits. The total process of development included establishment of web station, design of web page, manufacture of tree menu, design of dynamic image, making and linking of single choosing frame, making of down-draught frame and transfer of database, realization of system
maintenance, consultation and search, etc. ESMMSP is a web-based system, users can visit it on internet directly if system was on the server. Dummy net environment must be built if users wanted to run it on PC. Personal Web Server (PWS) in win98 or Internet Information Server (IIS) and indexing serve in win2000/me/xp must be appended when ESMMSP run off net, meanwhile, dummy catalog, ODBC data source and Java dummy engine should be installed as well.
ESMMSP provides different function to different users. Non-technical users may browse, search and consult in ESMMSP, and they can communicate with each other about the knowledge in raising mutton sheep. Professional users can update and maintain the database through the way of browsing, adding, deleting and amending. They can also answer users' questions and play a role in maintaining the forum.
现代肉羊生产专家系统的面向对象为非专业用户(普通用户)和专业用户(管理员)。非专业用户是指只能利用系统咨询功能的用户，他们可以直接进行养羊业概论、羊场建设、草地建设、引种、遗传育种、繁殖、饲养管理、疾病防治、羊产品加工与利用九个模块的咨询；也可以利用BBS模块的互动功能通过网络向专家发送疑问而得到在线专家的答疑。专业用户是指除了可以利用系统的咨询功能之外还可以对系统进行维护管理的领域专业人员，他们可以根据自己获得的知识和新的研究成果、技术等对系统数据库进行修改、添加、删除等操作以实现对系统的不断完善、更新和升级。
现代肉羊生产专家系统的创建过程包括知识的获取、系统的研制与开发、虚拟网络环境的建立三个部分。本专家系统采用人工知识获取方式，知识工程师将获取的知识按一定的规则进行整理并建立知识库，并依据知识规则的特点选择正向推理机制，采用源代码开放的ASP等语言编程进行开发。开发过程包括网站的建立和网页的设计、树型菜单的制作、动态图像的设计、单选框的制作和连接、下拉框的制作及数据库调用、系统维护及查询、搜索功能实现等步骤。由于本专家系统是基于网络的，因此，如果系统在服务器上运行，用户可以直接通过网络进行访问；如果在PC机上运行就需要建立虚拟网络环境。虚拟网络环境的建立包括Internet信息服务或PWS服务和索引服务的添加、虚拟网络和虚拟目录的安装、ODBC数据源的连接、Java虚拟机的安装四个过程。
现代肉羊生产专家系统的功能因用户权限不同而异。非专业用户有浏览、搜索、查询功能，可通过用户咨询栏注册后咨询问题，并能读取专家对前一次问题的答复，通过养羊知识论坛查阅并评论其他用户发表的意见看法，也可发表自己在养羊生产中得到的某些经验知识，用户可通过自己设置的密码进入文章，进行修改和删除；专业用户具有对数据库进行更新和维护——包括浏览、修改、删除和添加内容，通过专家答疑栏回答用户所咨询的问题，维护和删除养羊知识论坛等权限功能。
Expert system of modern mutton sheep production (ESMMSP) based on internet was developed with advanced internet language ASP, internet database technique, visual program language VBScript and JavaScript. Professor Zhao Youzhang offered most knowledge of the expert system. User-friendly and easy-update were mainly traits of ESMMSP.
ESMMSP can propose advice and service for both non-technical users and professional users. Non-technical users can only refer to the expert system, they may acquire common sheep knowledge about sheep farm construction, tame grassland construction, mutton sheep introduction, genetics, breeding, reproduction, feeding management, sheep diseases, sheep production, etc. They can also send related question to expert and acquire answers from expert on-line through BBS module at the same time. However, professional users can manage the expert system besides making use of the consultation function. They can make expert system more perfect through modifying the existent knowledge or adding new research results.
ESMMSP was consisted of three components: knowledge collection, system development and establishment of dummy Internet environment. We used artificial method to collect knowledge of ESMMSP which including text file, picture and all kinds of design for sheep farm and management. Knowledge engineer transacted the collected knowledge by definite rule and established the knowledge base and database, then chose suitable reasoning mechanism according to character of the knowledge rule. The system was developed with ASP language which source code is on-limits. The total process of development included establishment of web station, design of web page, manufacture of tree menu, design of dynamic image, making and linking of single choosing frame, making of down-draught frame and transfer of database, realization of system
maintenance, consultation and search, etc. ESMMSP is a web-based system, users can visit it on internet directly if system was on the server. Dummy net environment must be built if users wanted to run it on PC. Personal Web Server (PWS) in win98 or Internet Information Server (IIS) and indexing serve in win2000/me/xp must be appended when ESMMSP run off net, meanwhile, dummy catalog, ODBC data source and Java dummy engine should be installed as well.
ESMMSP provides different function to different users. Non-technical users may browse, search and consult in ESMMSP, and they can communicate with each other about the knowledge in raising mutton sheep. Professional users can update and maintain the database through the way of browsing, adding, deleting and amending. They can also answer users' questions and play a role in maintaining the forum.
引文
[1]．Joseph Giarratano，Gary Riley．刘星成，汤庸．译．Expert Systems Principles and Programming．北京：机械工业出版社，2000，2-13
[2]．赵有璋．羊生产学．北京：中国农业出版社，2002，1-14
[3]．姜勋平，杨利国，潘效干，等．现代肉羊生产管理系统的研究与开发．四川畜牧兽医．2001，28(11)：23-24
[4]．熊范纶．农业专家系统及开发工具．北京：清华大学出版社，1999．25-30
[5]．熊范纶．农业起专家系统及开发工具[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1999．24-25
[6]. Kampichler C. Wieland R. Barthel J. Species density of foliage-dwelling spiders in field margins: a simple, fuzzy rule-based model. Ecological Modelling, 2000, 129(1): 87-99.
[7]. Feigenbaum E.A. Knowledge engineering in the 1980's.A. J. Agric. Econ., 1981, 55: 921～936.
[8]．胡仰海，沈佐锐．农业电子信息技术与应用．北京：中国农业出版社，1999．385-390．
[9]. Rich E. Artificial Intelligence. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1983. 436pp.
[10]. Hayes-Roth F, Waterman D A, Lenat D B. Building Expert System. London: Advison-Wesley, 1983, 444pp.
[11]. Feigenbaum E A. Panel. History of AI research 1965-67. Proc. Of the 6th IJCAI, 1979, pp.1103～1105.
[12]. Short Liffe E H. Computer-Based Medical Consultation: MYCIN. NewYork: American Elsevier, 1976.
[13]．孙娟，蒋文兰，陈全功，等．农业专家系统研究进展．兰州大学学报，2001(专辑)，41-46
[14]. Lemmon H E. COMAX: An expert system for cotton crop management. Science, 1986, 233:29-33.
[15]. Zvi Hochman, Roge Barlow, John F, et al. Amultiple domain expert system for beef cattle farmers, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 1991, 6:143-156.
[16]. Z. Hochman, H. Hearnshaw, R.Barlow, et al. X-Breed: a Multiple-domain Knowledge Based System Integrated Through a Blackboard Architecture, Agriculture System, 1995, 48:243-270.
[17]. Yialouris C.P., Passam H.C., Sideridis A.B., ect. VEGES-A multilingual expert system for the diagnosis of pests, diseases and nutritional disorders of six greenhouse vegetables. Computers and electronics in agriculture. 1997, 19(1):55-67.
[18]. D N. Tiwari, R. Loof, G. N. Paudyal. Environmental-ecnomic decision-making in lowland irrigated agriculture using multi-criteria analysis techniques. Agriculture System, 1999, 60:99-112.
[19]. Kampichler C., Wieland R., Barthel J. Species density of foliage-dwelling spiders in field margins: a simple, fuzzy rule-based model. Ecological Modelling. 2000, 129(1):87-99.
[20]. Ido Morag, Yael Edan, Ephraim Maltz. An individual feed allocation decision support system for the diary farm. Journal of agricultural Engineering Research.2001, 79(2):167-176.
[21]．熊范纶，何茂彬，丁力．计算机专家咨询系统及其建立．信息与控制，1986，1：33-38
[22]．吴玺，潭宏，夏建国，等．试论我国农业专家系统的应用及发展．计算机与农业 2000，8：1-4
[23]．郭明超．黄土高原农业生态环境评价专家系统的程序设计．草业科学．1991(2)．63-66
[24]．罗智中，司徒忠，彭细正，等．车辆发动机故障诊断专家系统的模糊化研究．农业机械学报．1999，6：．97-102
[25]．刘明山，吴成武，吴思奇．粮食干燥模糊控制专家系统的研究与仿真．农业机械学报．2001，32(4)：54-56
[26]. Trevelyan, J.P. IEEE Transaction on Roboties and Automation. 1989, 5(6):716-727.
[27]．刘国庆，秦友，郝玉芬，等．无角美利奴羊育种计算机辅助系统的设计与实现．沈阳农业大学学报．1999-02，30(1)：67-69
[28]．姜勋平，杨利国，潘效干，等．现代肉羊生产管理系统的研究与开发．四川畜牧兽医．2001，28(11)：23-24
[29]．罗俊蜂，杨利国，姜勋平．肉羊生产日常管理系统．中国草食动物．2002．(专辑)：165-170
[30]．何叶龙，杨利国，姜勋平．肉羊疾病诊断专家系统设计与开发．中国草食动物．2002，22(3)：15-17
[31]．吴玺，谭宏，夏建国，等．试论我国农业专家系统的应用及发展．计算机与农业．2000，(8)：1-4
[32]．宋波．MySQL数据库应用基础．Java应用开发教程．2001：129
[33]．彭万波，景丽，周宏敏，等．站内搜索引擎．ASP开发基础与范例．2002：240
[2]．赵有璋．羊生产学．北京：中国农业出版社，2002，1-14
[3]．姜勋平，杨利国，潘效干，等．现代肉羊生产管理系统的研究与开发．四川畜牧兽医．2001，28(11)：23-24
[4]．熊范纶．农业专家系统及开发工具．北京：清华大学出版社，1999．25-30
[5]．熊范纶．农业起专家系统及开发工具[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1999．24-25
[6]. Kampichler C. Wieland R. Barthel J. Species density of foliage-dwelling spiders in field margins: a simple, fuzzy rule-based model. Ecological Modelling, 2000, 129(1): 87-99.
[7]. Feigenbaum E.A. Knowledge engineering in the 1980's.A. J. Agric. Econ., 1981, 55: 921～936.
[8]．胡仰海，沈佐锐．农业电子信息技术与应用．北京：中国农业出版社，1999．385-390．
[9]. Rich E. Artificial Intelligence. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1983. 436pp.
[10]. Hayes-Roth F, Waterman D A, Lenat D B. Building Expert System. London: Advison-Wesley, 1983, 444pp.
[11]. Feigenbaum E A. Panel. History of AI research 1965-67. Proc. Of the 6th IJCAI, 1979, pp.1103～1105.
[12]. Short Liffe E H. Computer-Based Medical Consultation: MYCIN. NewYork: American Elsevier, 1976.
[13]．孙娟，蒋文兰，陈全功，等．农业专家系统研究进展．兰州大学学报，2001(专辑)，41-46
[14]. Lemmon H E. COMAX: An expert system for cotton crop management. Science, 1986, 233:29-33.
[15]. Zvi Hochman, Roge Barlow, John F, et al. Amultiple domain expert system for beef cattle farmers, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 1991, 6:143-156.
[16]. Z. Hochman, H. Hearnshaw, R.Barlow, et al. X-Breed: a Multiple-domain Knowledge Based System Integrated Through a Blackboard Architecture, Agriculture System, 1995, 48:243-270.
[17]. Yialouris C.P., Passam H.C., Sideridis A.B., ect. VEGES-A multilingual expert system for the diagnosis of pests, diseases and nutritional disorders of six greenhouse vegetables. Computers and electronics in agriculture. 1997, 19(1):55-67.
[18]. D N. Tiwari, R. Loof, G. N. Paudyal. Environmental-ecnomic decision-making in lowland irrigated agriculture using multi-criteria analysis techniques. Agriculture System, 1999, 60:99-112.
[19]. Kampichler C., Wieland R., Barthel J. Species density of foliage-dwelling spiders in field margins: a simple, fuzzy rule-based model. Ecological Modelling. 2000, 129(1):87-99.
[20]. Ido Morag, Yael Edan, Ephraim Maltz. An individual feed allocation decision support system for the diary farm. Journal of agricultural Engineering Research.2001, 79(2):167-176.
[21]．熊范纶，何茂彬，丁力．计算机专家咨询系统及其建立．信息与控制，1986，1：33-38
[22]．吴玺，潭宏，夏建国，等．试论我国农业专家系统的应用及发展．计算机与农业 2000，8：1-4
[23]．郭明超．黄土高原农业生态环境评价专家系统的程序设计．草业科学．1991(2)．63-66
[24]．罗智中，司徒忠，彭细正，等．车辆发动机故障诊断专家系统的模糊化研究．农业机械学报．1999，6：．97-102
[25]．刘明山，吴成武，吴思奇．粮食干燥模糊控制专家系统的研究与仿真．农业机械学报．2001，32(4)：54-56
[26]. Trevelyan, J.P. IEEE Transaction on Roboties and Automation. 1989, 5(6):716-727.
[27]．刘国庆，秦友，郝玉芬，等．无角美利奴羊育种计算机辅助系统的设计与实现．沈阳农业大学学报．1999-02，30(1)：67-69
[28]．姜勋平，杨利国，潘效干，等．现代肉羊生产管理系统的研究与开发．四川畜牧兽医．2001，28(11)：23-24
[29]．罗俊蜂，杨利国，姜勋平．肉羊生产日常管理系统．中国草食动物．2002．(专辑)：165-170
[30]．何叶龙，杨利国，姜勋平．肉羊疾病诊断专家系统设计与开发．中国草食动物．2002，22(3)：15-17
[31]．吴玺，谭宏，夏建国，等．试论我国农业专家系统的应用及发展．计算机与农业．2000，(8)：1-4
[32]．宋波．MySQL数据库应用基础．Java应用开发教程．2001：129
[33]．彭万波，景丽，周宏敏，等．站内搜索引擎．ASP开发基础与范例．2002：240
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