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基于组件式GIS的耕地地力评价信息系统研究
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摘要
本文以系统科学理论为指导,运用软件工程的理论和方法,探讨构建耕地地力评价信息系统的技术和方法。
     在耕地地力评价的方法和技术思路方面,将多元统计法、AHP决策分析方法、模糊数学、灰色系统理论等具体应用到评价中,将评价因子定量化,尽量地避免了定性评价中人为因素带来的主观性。在此基础上构建了因素选择、权重计算、单因素分值计算、综合评价和分等定级等评价模型。
     耕地地力评价信息系统的设计与实现是本文的主要内容。通过对组件技术的原理和特点、地理信息系统的发展和应用、组件式GIS的特点及产品等的介绍,论述了基于组件式GIS开发应用系统的先进性、可行性。在对耕地地力评价的目标与任务、用户需求进行分析的基础上,进行了评价系统空间数据库和属性数据库的设计、系统功能总体设计,然后以面向对象和组件技术为实现手段,在通用开发平台Visual Basic 6.0中对SuperMap进行二次开发,构建了耕地地力评价信息系统,主要包括空间数据处理子系统、属性数据处理子系统和分等定级子系统三大部分。
     针对划分评价单元实际工作中面临的叠置分析数据量大、效率低下的现状,本文提出“格网叠置分析法”来分步进行评价区域的单元划分,从而将整个叠置分析目标“化整为零”,提高了叠置分析的效率。
     最后,本文以湖南省宁乡县耕地地力评价为例,应用建立的系统进行实际操作。通过实证研究显示,该系统运行良好、稳定,能够按照实际要求完成县域耕地地力评价工作,从而大大地节省了工作时间、提高了工作效率。
     本文的突出之处在于将前沿的GIS技术与耕地评价的理论和方法有机结合,综合集成了多种新技术,解决了传统信息系统中难以解决空间叠置分析难题,为耕地资源的评价和管理提供了一种快捷、有效的工具。
Under the guidance of system science theory, the technique of constructing information system for cultivated land fertility evaluation is approached in this paper, with theory and method of software engineering.
    On the side of method and technique of cultivated land fertility evaluation, Statistic analytics, fuzzy mathematics theory, gray system theory, analytical hierarchy process(AHP) are applied and it can quantify selected-factor of evaluation. So we can avoid subjectivity because of intuition in qualitative evaluation as possible as we can. On the basis of these some models of evaluation about choice of evaluating factor, the selected-factor weight calculation, the calculation of the scores for single factor, synthetic evaluation and classification for cultivated land fertility and so on, are built in this paper.
    The main content of this paper is designing and realizing the information system for cultivated land. It testifies its priority and feasibility to develop applied system based on ComGIS(component geographical information system) through introducing the principle and characteristic of component technology, the development and application of geography information system, the characteristic and software production of comGIS and so on. Spatial database, attribute database, and collectivity function are designed for evaluation system according to particular analysis of aim and assignment for cultivated land fertility evaluation and demand of user. By using object-oriented and component technology method, the information system for cultivated land fertility based on SuperMap component was developed in the development environment of Visual Basic 6.0, which comprises of management subsystem of spatial data, management subsystem of attribute data and classification subsystem.
    In view of current situation of a vast of analytical data and low efficiency in practical work of dividing evaluation units, "Grid-Overlay Analyst Method" is advanced to partition evaluation units step by step, thus breaking up the whole into parts and improving work efficiency in overlay analysis work.
    Lastly, the paper takes cultivated land fertility evaluation of Ningxiang county of
    
    
    Hunan as example and applies planned system into practice. It shows the system is convenient, stable, and it can save working time, improve work efficiency, and accomplish work on the cultivated land fertility evaluation.
    This merit of this research is combining forward CIS technique with theory and ways of cultivated land fertility evaluadon. The combination makes it possible to solve the difficult problem of space-overlay that can not be solved with the traditional information system. This system offers an high-speed and efficient tool for the evaluation and management of cultivated land fertility.
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