基于复杂适应系统理论的商业银行竞争力研究
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摘要
竞争力一直被认为是企业基业长青的秘诀所在。商业银行是一类特殊的企业,传统上对其竞争力的研究主要关注于如何获得更多的资源和更多的相对优势,以谋得更快的发展。但整体看来,这方面研究还存在一定的局限性,具体包括“重发展能力,轻生存能力”、“重历史和当前,轻未来与预测”、“重竞争,轻合作”、“重同业间关系,轻个体与整体关系”等。
本文将自然科学中关于复杂适应系统理论的最新成果应用于竞争力研究,尝试利用适应性主体的基本概念和性质特点诠释商业银行竞争力,目的在于以新的框架和新的视角探寻竞争力的本质意义,揭示传统竞争力理论在生存、持续发展与应对危机方面存在的局限性,从而为商业银行有效提升竞争能力补充新的理论依据。
首先,通过文献综述,分别对竞争力、复杂性及复杂适应系统理论做出较为系统的梳理,为援用上述理论跨学科解读商业银行竞争力打下理论基础。
其次,依据复杂适应系统的判定原则,判定商业银行是社会经济系统中的特殊主体,具备一般适应性主体主动适应环境变化并据此做出反应的能力;在此基础上搭建研究框架:将商业银行竞争力定义为适应社会经济系统环境、成就自身生存与持久发展状态的能力,并根据主体适应外部环境的七种性质,即开放性、智能学习性、协调性、合作性、反应性、自主性和自组织性,将商业银行竞争力在本质上具体固化为环境感知与响应、资源配置与整合、知识创造和应用等三种主要能力。
第三,基于商业银行个体适应活动对于社会经济系统演进的标本意义,采用样本分析方法,选择中国民生银行作为样本银行,分别从环境感知与响应能力、资源配置与整合能力、知识创造与应用能力入手,描摹并分析其根据自身发展阶段和外部市场环境的变化,在战略规划与调整、信息科技系统建设、社会责任践行、公司治理结构打造、激励考核机制建设、组织架构转型以及业务创新等方面适应环境、谋求持久生存与发展的实践活动及成果。
第四,着眼于竞争力研究的现实意义,从危机应对角度出发,紧密结合当前全球性的金融危机,突出并提升文章的实践性和现实性,扩展延伸竞争力理论的内涵与层次。通过用复杂适应系统理论诠释商业银行在危机中的竞争能力,探讨将适应性固化为商业银行一种行为常态和生活模式,从而在危机中有效学习,成功打造学习型组织,抢占竞争先机。
最后,在总结样本银行提升适应性竞争力的经验的基础上,分别从充分感知与响应外部环境、科学配置与整合资源、大胆创新与应用知识三个方面提出提升商业银行竞争能力的评论与启示。
本文认为,从感知与响应环境,到配置与整合资源,到创造与应用知识,再到更高层次上的循环往复,复杂适应系统理论从整体思维角度出发,为商业银行提升竞争力指出了一条循序渐进、逻辑分明、周而复始的螺旋式上升之路。对这一领域的深入探讨必将有利于更好地把握商业银行竞争力,从而对更科学地提出包括应对危机在内的提升竞争力的策略方针具有重要的现实意义。
Competitiveness has long been seen as the key of success for enterprises. As a special kind of enterprises, banks keep to focus their efforts to gain competitiveness on striving out for more recourses and advantages than others, while the study on banking competitiveness still has some limitations until the occurrence of the theory of Complex Adaptive System(CAS).
The article puts the prevailing theory of CAS into the traditional study of competitiveness and reveals the limitations of the latter in survival and long-lasting development,reviewing the essence and contents of banking competitiveness by the principal conception and characteristics of‘adaptive agent’. The purposes of the article are to study the banking competitiveness from a new vision and try to make some supplement to the traditional competitiveness theory.
Firstly, the article summarizes on the theory of competitiveness, complex and CAS, setting sound ground for the further study of the article.
Secondly, on the judgment that the social economic system is a typical CAS and banks are special adaptive agents in it, the article focuses on the new ideas on competitiveness, which is defined as adaptive abilities to situation and thus categorized into three main abilities, i.e., the abilities of feeling and echoing situation, allocating resources, and innovating and utilizing information.
Thirdly, the article selects China Minsheng Bank as the sample to describe its efforts on raising adaptive competitiveness, focusing on the practice of strategy, IT system, social responsibility, corporate governance, organizational structure and innovation.
Fourthly, to demonstrate the practical value of the CAS competitiveness theory, the article extends the study to the topic of how banks take actions against the global financial crisis to gain survival and long-last development, discussing the methods to collect lessons from the financial crisis and gain competitive advantages by establishing learning organizations.
Finally, on the basis of summarizing the experience of the sample bank, the article raises some comments and suggestion on raising banking competitiveness from the respects of feeling and echoing situation effectively, allocating resources scientifically, and innovating and utilizing knowledge bravely.
It is noted that from feeling and echoing situation to allocating resources and to innovating and utilizing information rotationally, the CAS theory shows a new road for banks’leveling up their competitiveness. The further study on CAS competitiveness must be of great importance to understand banking competitiveness and find out the best ways to deal with problems including fighting with financial crises.
本文将自然科学中关于复杂适应系统理论的最新成果应用于竞争力研究,尝试利用适应性主体的基本概念和性质特点诠释商业银行竞争力,目的在于以新的框架和新的视角探寻竞争力的本质意义,揭示传统竞争力理论在生存、持续发展与应对危机方面存在的局限性,从而为商业银行有效提升竞争能力补充新的理论依据。
首先,通过文献综述,分别对竞争力、复杂性及复杂适应系统理论做出较为系统的梳理,为援用上述理论跨学科解读商业银行竞争力打下理论基础。
其次,依据复杂适应系统的判定原则,判定商业银行是社会经济系统中的特殊主体,具备一般适应性主体主动适应环境变化并据此做出反应的能力;在此基础上搭建研究框架:将商业银行竞争力定义为适应社会经济系统环境、成就自身生存与持久发展状态的能力,并根据主体适应外部环境的七种性质,即开放性、智能学习性、协调性、合作性、反应性、自主性和自组织性,将商业银行竞争力在本质上具体固化为环境感知与响应、资源配置与整合、知识创造和应用等三种主要能力。
第三,基于商业银行个体适应活动对于社会经济系统演进的标本意义,采用样本分析方法,选择中国民生银行作为样本银行,分别从环境感知与响应能力、资源配置与整合能力、知识创造与应用能力入手,描摹并分析其根据自身发展阶段和外部市场环境的变化,在战略规划与调整、信息科技系统建设、社会责任践行、公司治理结构打造、激励考核机制建设、组织架构转型以及业务创新等方面适应环境、谋求持久生存与发展的实践活动及成果。
第四,着眼于竞争力研究的现实意义,从危机应对角度出发,紧密结合当前全球性的金融危机,突出并提升文章的实践性和现实性,扩展延伸竞争力理论的内涵与层次。通过用复杂适应系统理论诠释商业银行在危机中的竞争能力,探讨将适应性固化为商业银行一种行为常态和生活模式,从而在危机中有效学习,成功打造学习型组织,抢占竞争先机。
最后,在总结样本银行提升适应性竞争力的经验的基础上,分别从充分感知与响应外部环境、科学配置与整合资源、大胆创新与应用知识三个方面提出提升商业银行竞争能力的评论与启示。
本文认为,从感知与响应环境,到配置与整合资源,到创造与应用知识,再到更高层次上的循环往复,复杂适应系统理论从整体思维角度出发,为商业银行提升竞争力指出了一条循序渐进、逻辑分明、周而复始的螺旋式上升之路。对这一领域的深入探讨必将有利于更好地把握商业银行竞争力,从而对更科学地提出包括应对危机在内的提升竞争力的策略方针具有重要的现实意义。
Competitiveness has long been seen as the key of success for enterprises. As a special kind of enterprises, banks keep to focus their efforts to gain competitiveness on striving out for more recourses and advantages than others, while the study on banking competitiveness still has some limitations until the occurrence of the theory of Complex Adaptive System(CAS).
The article puts the prevailing theory of CAS into the traditional study of competitiveness and reveals the limitations of the latter in survival and long-lasting development,reviewing the essence and contents of banking competitiveness by the principal conception and characteristics of‘adaptive agent’. The purposes of the article are to study the banking competitiveness from a new vision and try to make some supplement to the traditional competitiveness theory.
Firstly, the article summarizes on the theory of competitiveness, complex and CAS, setting sound ground for the further study of the article.
Secondly, on the judgment that the social economic system is a typical CAS and banks are special adaptive agents in it, the article focuses on the new ideas on competitiveness, which is defined as adaptive abilities to situation and thus categorized into three main abilities, i.e., the abilities of feeling and echoing situation, allocating resources, and innovating and utilizing information.
Thirdly, the article selects China Minsheng Bank as the sample to describe its efforts on raising adaptive competitiveness, focusing on the practice of strategy, IT system, social responsibility, corporate governance, organizational structure and innovation.
Fourthly, to demonstrate the practical value of the CAS competitiveness theory, the article extends the study to the topic of how banks take actions against the global financial crisis to gain survival and long-last development, discussing the methods to collect lessons from the financial crisis and gain competitive advantages by establishing learning organizations.
Finally, on the basis of summarizing the experience of the sample bank, the article raises some comments and suggestion on raising banking competitiveness from the respects of feeling and echoing situation effectively, allocating resources scientifically, and innovating and utilizing knowledge bravely.
It is noted that from feeling and echoing situation to allocating resources and to innovating and utilizing information rotationally, the CAS theory shows a new road for banks’leveling up their competitiveness. The further study on CAS competitiveness must be of great importance to understand banking competitiveness and find out the best ways to deal with problems including fighting with financial crises.
引文
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