情感、身份确认与社会身份的再生产
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摘要
本研究在关系本位本体性假定对结构主义和理性认知主义批判的基础上,提出了关系导向社会身份的概念,建构了社会身份再生产的情感动力框架,论述了互动实践中产生的情感因素为社会身份再生产提供了动力基础与方向。随后,笔者运用该理论框架对“东亚共同体”这个身份符号在东亚合作进程中快速兴起和消退的现象提供解释。
     第一章主要提出理论研究问题,即社会身份再生产的动力是什么?指出结构建构主义身份理论中的两个主要问题,即角色身份与集体身份不相容和身份形成与进化过程中动力缺乏所导致的方向性困境;并通过对结构建构主义本体性假定进行考察指出上述两大问题的本体性根源;第二章主要是在关系本位假定的基础上,对角色身份与集体身份概念进行扬弃,提出关系导向社会身份的概念,指出其情境性、变动性以及情感与认知心理进程相互作用的特征;第三章主要讨论了情感的概念,论证了情感的独立性以及情感对理解社会行为的必要性,指出情感的动机性影响着行为体的趋避行为,情感效价影响着认知的消极或积极偏向;第四章提出了本研究的核心理论框架:社会身份再生产的情感动力机制,并对本研究与现有的情感身份研究进行了比较,探讨了情感研究在国际关系学科中的方法论难题;第五章追踪了东盟具有高度突显性的社会身份——地区合作主导国在历史互动中的形成过程,提出了中日韩三国在21世纪初对东盟主导国身份的竞争性确认所激发的积极情感,驱动了东盟支持与推动东亚共同体集体身份符号兴起的行为倾向与有关积极认知;第六章重点分析2004年后,随着东亚峰会的召开,东盟面临的身份确认危机所引起的消极情感,导致东盟推动东亚合作乏力、内部一体化建设加强的行为倾向,以及对互动进程的消极认知,从而导致“东亚共同体”身份符号的日益消退。
     通过理论演绎和案例分析,本研究试图突破西方结构主义与认知主义传统对国际关系身份研究议程的框定,对国际政治舞台上互动实践中身份建构的多样性、变动性现实进行理论化的尝试,并基于国际政治中东方经验对主流理论进行修正和完善。
Based on the critical review of the structuralism and cognitivism in light of relation-based ontology, this study proposes a concept of relational orientation social identity, constructs a theory of social identity reproduction with affective feeling as its driving force, and demonstrate that the affective feeling deriving from interactive practices provides dynamics and valence for the reproduction of social identity. Afterwards, the puzzles concerning the rapid emerging and fading away of the symbolized concept of East Asian Community are examined under the proposed theoretic framework.
     Chapter I poses the theoretic question what drives the reproduction of social identity of actors in international relations. Two main problems of the identity theory under structural constructivism are identified in this chapter, namely, the incompatibility of the two main concepts and the lack of dynamic mechanism of the formation and evolvement of social identity. The ontological assumptions of structural constructivism theory are examined in order to disclose the root of above-mentioned problems; Chapter II proposes the concept of relational orientation social identity, which is characterized as situational, variable and the interacting between affective process and cognitive process; Chapter III defines the main concept-affective feeling, argues that affect is independent of cognitive process and an indispensable elements leading to rational social behavior and that affective feeling has impact on behavioral inclination and cognitive activities; Chapter IV delineates the theoretical framework based on the previous discussions, i.e. social identity reproduction mechanism with affective dynamics. This chapter also deals with the problem of methodological dilemma regarding affective research; Chapter V traces the historical development of the salience of the social identity of ASEAN as the organizer of regional cooperation and argues that the competitive identity-verifying actions initiated by China, Japan and Korea activated positive affective feeling, which contributes to the behavioral and cognitive inclination of ASEAN so as to propel the symbolized concept of East Asian Community; Chapter VI elucidates the process that how the commencement of East Asian Summit and the ensuing challenges, provoked by regional powers towards ASEAN’s identity as driving force in regional integration, evoked negative affective feeling among ASEAN countries and led to the change of their identity verification strategy, which manifested and further contribute the fading away of the collective identity symbol-East Asian Community.
     This study intends to go beyond the research agenda set by the western IR theories, which deeply influenced by structuralism and cognitivism tradition and to theorize the various and variable phenomena involved in identity formation in international politics and to rectify and complete mainstream IR theory based on oriental international experiences.
引文
①秦亚青:《国际体系的延续与变革》,《外交评论》,2010年第1期,第
    ②温特:《国际政治的社会理论》,第187页。
    ③参见安特耶·维纳,托马斯·迪兹著,朱立群等译:《欧洲一体化理论》,世界知识出版社2009年版。
    ①对于英文identity一词,中国国际关系理论界至少有两种比较常见的翻译,即身份和认同。在本研究中,笔者将identity一词统一翻译为身份,以与具有动作意义的名次认同(identification)相区分。
    ②罗纳德·杰普森,亚历山大·温特和彼得·卡赞斯坦:《规范、认同和国家安全文化》,载彼得·卡赞斯坦《国家安全的文化:世界政治中的规范与认同》(宋伟、刘铁娃译),第61页。
    ③温特早期的身份理论使用的是“社会身份”与“认同”这两个概念,其含义分别与“角色身份”与“集体身份”大致对应。具体论述参见论文第一章第一节。
    ④Alexander Wendt,“Collective Identity Formation and the International State,”The American Political Science Review, Vol.88, No.2, 1994, p.385.
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    ④参见Richard Stubbs,“ASEAN Plus Three: Emerging East Asian Regionlism?”.
    ①John Ravenhill,“East Asian Regionalism: Much Ado about Nothing?”Review of International Studies, Vol.35, 2009, p215.
    ②Ibid., p231.
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    ③罗斯也批判了温特建构主义认知主义施动性,认为正是由于局限于认知主义的施动性,才使得建构主义无法开展对情感问题的研究。Ross, Andrew.A.G.,“Coming in from the Cold: Constructivism and Emotions,”European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 12, No.2 , 2006, pp.197-222.
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    ②英文原文为:“To define a structure requires ignoring how units relate with one another (how they interact) and concentrating on how they stand in relation to one another (how they are arranged or positioned).”
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    ①Christopher Hemmer and Peter J. Katzenstein,“Why is There No NATO in Asia? Collective Identity, Regionalism, and the Origins of Multilateralism,”p.576.
    ①Michael A. Hogg, Deborah J. Terry and Katherine M. White,“A Tale of Two Theories: A Critical Comparison of Identity Theory with Social Identity Theory,”p.256.
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    ⑥Kay Deaux, Social Identification, p.778.
    ⑦Michael A. Hogg, Deborah J. Terry and Katherine M. White,“A Tale of Two Theories,”p.257.
    ①Ibid.,p.258.
    ②Sheldon Stryker and Richard T. Serpe,“Commitment, Identity Salience, and Role Behavior,”in W. Ickes and E.S. Knowles (eds.), Personality, Roles, and Social Behavior, New York: Springer-Veerlag, 1982, pp.199-218.
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    ③Michael A. Hogg, Deborah J. Terry and Katherine M. White, p.259-260.
    ④周晓虹,第49页。
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    ①自我分类理论的倡导者特纳(J. C. Turner)就是最明显的代表。
    ②Kay Deaux,“Social Identification,”p.783.
    ③Jonathan Mercer,“Anarchy and Identity,”International Organization, Vol.49, No.2, Spring 1995, pp.229-252.
    ①Steve Reicher, and Nick Hopkins, Self and Nation: Categorization, Contestation and Mobilization, London: Sage, 2001.
    ②Ohad David, Daniel Bar-Tal, p.357.
    ③Michael A. Hogg, Deborah J. Terry and Katherine M. White, p.264.
    ①刘慧:《复杂系统与国际关系研究》,外交学院博士论文,2008年。
    ②尹继武:《结构、认知结构与国际政治心理学分析》,《世界经济与政治》,2007年第10期,第18-28页。
    ③参见薛力:《从结构主义到国际关系理论:一项系统的考察》,《世界经济与政治》,2007年第10期,第29-40页;周方银:《国际结构与策略互动》,《世界经济与政治》,2007年第10期,第6-17页。
    ④周方银:《国际结构与策略互动》,第17页。
    ①薛力:《从结构主义到国际关系理论》,第29页。
    ②温特:《国际政治的社会理论》,第184页。
    ③秦亚青、魏玲:《结构、进程与权力的社会化》,《世界经济与政治》,2007年第3期,第7-15页。
    ④秦亚青:《关系本体与过程建构:将中国理念植入国际关系理论》,《中国社会科学》,2009年第3期,第69-86页。。
    ⑦参见:Anthony King, The Structure of Social Theory, (London: Routledge, 2004). Anthony King,“How not to Structure a Social Theory: A Reply to a Critical Response,”Philosophy of the Social Sciences, Vol.36, No.4, December 2006, pp.464-479.
    ①Anthony King, The Structure of Social Theory, p.30.
    ②Ibid.,p.238.
    ③Anthony King,“How not to Structure a Social Theory,”Philosophy of the Social Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 4, December 2006, p.465.
    ④Ibid., pp. 464– 479.
    ⑤Karsten R. Stueber,“How to Structure a Social Theory?”p.98.
    ⑥秦亚青:《关系本位与过程建构》,第74页。
    ①秦亚青:《关系本位与过程建构》,第77页。
    ②温特:《国际政治的社会理论》,第285页。
    ③秦亚青:《关系本位与过程建构》,第78页。
    ①秦亚青:《关系本位与过程建构》,第75页。
    ②过程建构主义强调互动进程对集体情感培育的正面意义,而笔者认为互动进程本身是一个没有方向性的进程,互动进程在一些特定的情况下也有可能产生消极情感。下面对过程建构主义关于过程培育正向情感的论述笔者都有这种保留,不过,过程培育情感这一重要假设是笔者完全认同的。
    ③秦亚青:《关系本位与过程建构主义》,第80页。
    ④秦亚青:《关系本位与过程建构主义》,第83页。点是对实践性知识的关注。参见:Vincent Pouliot,“The Logic of Practicality: A Theory of Practice of Security Communities,”International Organization, Vol. 62, (Spring 2008), pp.257-288.在这篇文章中,作者将知识分为再现性知识(representational knowledge)和实践知识(practical knowledge),指出实践知识是无意识的、暗含的、无需逻辑和证据的自恰的知识,所遵循的逻辑完全不同于理性的逻辑。
    ①Brewer, The Many Faces of Social Identity, p.118.
    ②秦亚青:《关系本位与过程建构主义》;David Yau-fai Ho, Relational Orientation in Asian Social Psychology, in Indigenous Psychologies: Research and Experience in Cultural Context, eds. Uichol Kim and John W. Berry, (California, US.:Sage Publications, Inc., 1993), pp.240-259.
    ①秦亚青:《关系本位与过程建构主义》,第83页。
    ②Markus, Hazel Rose and Shinobu Kitayama,“Culture and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation,”Psychological Review, Vol.98, No.2, 1991, pp.224-253.
    ③Ibid., p.225.
    ④C. Geertz,“On the Nature of Anrhropological Understanding,”American Scientist, 63(1975), pp.124-131.转引自Markus, Hazel Rose and Shinobu Kitayama, p.48.
    ⑤Markus, Hazel Rose and Shinobu Kitayama, p.226.
    ①David Yau-fai Ho,“Relational Orientation in Asian Social Psychology,”p.253.
    ②Stets, Jan E.,“Identity Theory and Emotions,”in Jan E. Stets and Jonathan H. Turner (Eds.), Handbook of the Sociology of Emotions (Spriner, 2006), p.206.
    ③秦亚青:《关系本位与过程建构主义》,第84页。
    ④麦考尔和西蒙斯强调的身份特异性(区别于斯特莱克强调身份结构性),也就是个体对其角色的独特解释以及这些在互动中与他者的身份协商(negotiation)。参见Geoge J. McCall and J. L. Simmons, Identities and Interactions, (New York: Free Press, 1978)
    ①关于身份理论中有关自我身份结构稳定性和变化的探讨参见Richard T. Serpe,“Stability and Changes in Self: A Structural Symbolic Interactionist Explanation,”Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 50, No.1, March 1987, pp.44-55.
    ①Michael A. Hogg, Deborah J. Terry and Katherine M. White,“A Tale of Two Theories: A Critical Comparison of Identity Theory with Social Identity Theory,”p.265.
    ②Ibid.,p.264.
    ③秦亚青:《关系本位与过程建构》,第73页。
    ④Hazel Rose Marku, and Shinobu Kitayama,“Culture and the Self,”p.229.
    ⑤David Yau-fai Ho,“Relational Orientation in Asian Social Psychology,”p.258.
    ①Nan Lin, Guanxi,“A conceptual Analysis,”in Alvin Y. So, Nan Lin, and Dudley Poston (eds.), The Chinese Triangle of Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong: Comparative Institutional Analysis, London: Greenwood Press, 2001, pp.153-166.
    ②Nan Lin, Guanxi,“A Conceptual Analysis,”p.163.
    ③Ibid. p.155.
    ④Henri Tajfel,“Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations,”Annal Review of Psychology, Vol.33, 1982, pp.1-39.
    ①Hazel Rose Markus, Shinobu Kitayama,“Culture and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation,”p.225.
    ②Masaki Yuki,“Intergroup Comparison versus Intragroup Relationships,”p.171-172.
    ③Steve Reicher and Nick Hopkins, Self and Nation: Categorization, Contestation and Mobilization, London: Sage, 2001, pp.33-34.
    ①Jonathan Mercer,“Rationality and Psychology in International Politics,”International Organization, Vol. 59, Winter 2005, p. 97.
    ②关于群际接触理论的综述参见,李森森、龙长权、陈庆飞、李红:《群际接触理论-一种改善群际关系的理论》,《心理科学进展》,2001年第5期,第831-839页。
    ①Lin Nan, p.163.
    ①在此笔者用情绪的提法,是因为在情绪心理学的发展历史中,情绪一直被当作离散的、整体性的现象来研究。只是到了近期,在神经科学研究成果的影响下,情绪心理学开始研究情绪的构成、情绪与认知的关系等问题,从而提出了与情感相近的概念,如情绪感受、核心情感等。
    ②Maria Gendron, and Lisa Feldman Barrett,“Reconstructing the Past: a Century of Ideas about Emotion in Psychology”, Emotion Review, Vol.1, No.4 (October 2009), p.316.
    ③Dacher Keltner and Jennifer S. Lerner,“Emotion”, in Susan T. Fiske, Daniel T. Gilbert and Gardner Lindzey(eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology, Fifth Edition, Vol.1 (New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, 2010), p.317.
    ④Carroll E. Izard, The Many Meaningss/Aspects of Emotion: Definitions, Functions, Activation, and Regulation, Emotion Review, Vol.2, No.4 (October 2010), p.363.
    ⑤Rose McDermott, The Feeling of Rationality: The Meaning of Neuroscientific Advances for Political Science, Perspectives on Politics, Vol. 2, No.4 (December 2004), p.692.
    ⑥Joseph E. LeDoux, Emotion: Clues from the Brain, Annual Review of Psychology, Vol.46, 1995, pp.209-210.
    ①William James, What is an Emotion? Mind, Vol.9, No.34 (April, 1884), pp.189-190.
    ②W. B. Cannon, The James-Lange Theory of Emotions: A Critical Examination and an Alternative Theory, American Journal of Psychology, Vol.39 (1927), pp.106-124.
    ③P. R. Kleinginna and A. M. Kleinginna, A Categorized List of Emotion Definitions, with Suggestions for a Consensual Definition, Motivation and Emotion, Vol.5 (1981), pp.345-379.
    ①Carroll E. Izard, The Many Meaningss/Aspects of Emotion: Definitions, Functions, Activation, and Regulation, Emotion Review, p.369.
    ②Ibid., p.369.
    ③参见Emotion Review2010年10月份关于情感定义的专刊。
    ④孟昭兰主编:《情绪心理学》,第7页。
    ①Dacher Keltner and Jennifer S. Lerner, Emotion, p.318.
    ②孟昭兰:《人类情绪》,上海人民出版社,1989年版,第14-15页。
    ③有学者总结,情绪心理学研究趋势之一是从关注有意识情绪转向关注无意识情绪。参见柳恒超、许燕:《情绪研究的新趋向:从有意识情绪到无意识情绪》,《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》,2008年第6期,第43-52页。
    ④Ibid., p.320.
    ⑤孟昭兰主编:《情绪心理学》,北京大学出版社,2005年版,第5页。
    
    ①James A. Russel,“Core Affect and Psychological Construction of Emotion,”p.147-148.
    ②William James,“What is an Emotion?”Mind, Vol.9, No.34 (April 1884), pp.188-205.
    
    ①孟昭兰:《情绪心理学》,北京大学出版社,2005年版,第19页。
    ②Joseph LeDoux, The Emotional Brain, New York: Touchstone, 1996.
    ①R. S .Lazarus, Thoughts on the Relations Between Emotion and Cognition, American Psychologist, Vol.37, No.9 (September 1982), p.1020.
    ②参见:R. B. Zajonc, Feeling and Thinking: Preferences Need No Inferences, American Psychologist, Vol.35, No.2, (February 1980), pp.151-175;On the Primacy of Affect, American Psychologist, Vol.39, No.2, (February 1984), pp.117-123; Lazarus, R. S., Thoughts on the Relations Between Emotion and Cognition, American Psychologist, Vol.37, No.9, pp.1019-1024; On the Primacy of Cognition, American Psychologist, Vol.39, No.2 (February 1984), pp.124-129.
    ③Lazarus, R. S., Thoughts on the Relations Between Emotion and Cognition, American Psychologist, pp.1021-1022.
    ①R. B. Zajonc,“On the Primacy of Affect,”American Psychologist, Vol.39, No.2, (February 1984), pp.117.
    ③LeDoux, Joseph E.,“Emotion: Clues from the Brain,”Annual Review of Psychology, Vol.46, 1995, p224.
    ④炎冰、严明:《心身二元与科学之科学》,《扬州大学学报》(人文社会科学版),2008年5月,第15-22页。
    
    ①安东尼奥·达马西奥:《笛卡尔的错误:情绪、推理和人脑》,出版十周年序。
    ②安东尼奥·达马西奥:《笛卡尔的错误:情绪、推理和人脑》(毛彩凤译),教育科学出版社2007年版,出版十周年序。
    ①Maria Gendron and Lisa Feldman Barrett,“Reconstructing the Past: a Century of Ideas about Emotion in Psychology,”Emotion Review, Vol.1, No.4 (October 2009), pp.318.
    ②Sherri C. Widen and James A. Russell,“Descriptive and Prescriptive Definitions of Emotion,”Emotion Review,Vol.2, No.4 (October 2010), pp.377-388.
    ③James A. Russell,“Emotion, Core Affect, and Psychological Construction,”p.1260.
    ④G. L. Clore and A. Ortony,“Appraisal Theories: How Cognition Shapes Affect into Emotion,”in M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones and L. F. Barrett (eds.) Handbook of Emotions (3rd edition) (New York: Erlbaum, 2009), pp.628-642.
    ①Gendron, Maria, and Lisa Feldman Barrett,“Reconstructing the Past: a Century of Ideas about Emotion in Psychology,”pp.317-318.
    ②Scarantino, Andrea, Core Affect and Natural Affective Kinds, Philosophy of Science, Vol. 76 (2009), p.940.
    ③黄玲玲、许远理、王晓宇:《核心情绪:情绪产生之前的基础状态》,《兰州教育学院学报》,2010年第4期,第47页。
    ①Carroll E. Izard,“Emotion Theory and Research: Highlights, Unanswered Questions, and Emerging Issues,”Annual Review of Psychology, Vol.60 (2009), pp.4-5.
    ①James A. Russell,“Emotion in Human Consciousness is Built on Core Affect,”Journal of Consciousness Studies, Vol.12, No.8-10, 2005, p.26-42.
    ①Izard, 2009, p.10.
    ②现象意识指的是这样一种意识层次,即物体、事件和情绪感受能被注意到但是仍然是一种不能通过语言表达的体验。
    ③Izard, 2009,p.11.
    ④柳恒超、许燕:《情绪研究的新趋向:从有意识情绪到无意识情绪》,《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》,2008年第6期,第43页。
    ①Carroll E., Izard,“Emotion Theory and Research: Highlights, Unanswered Questions, and Emerging Issues,”p3.
    ②Ibid., pp.4-5.
    ③乔建中:《情绪与动机——情绪心理学家的动机理论》,《南京师大学报(社会科学版)》,1993年第3期,第51页。
    ③亚伯拉罕·马斯洛:《动机与人格》(许金声等译),北京:中国人民大学出版社,2007年版,第5-6页。
    ④也有人认为是7个层次,即增加了认知和审美需要。
    ⑤亚伯拉罕·马斯洛:《动机与人格》,第21-23页。
    ①亚伯拉罕·马斯洛:《动机与人格》,第27-28页。
    ②转引自乔建中:《情绪与动机:情绪心理学家的动机理论》,第52页。
    ③孟昭兰:《情绪心理学》,第35页。
    ①孟昭兰:《情绪心理学》,第35页。
    ②Russell, James A.,“Core Affect and Psychological Construction of Emotion,”Psychological Review, Vol.110, No.1 2003, pp.145-172.
    ①孟昭兰:《情绪心理学》(序二)。
    ②乔纳森·特纳著,孙俊才,文军译:《情感社会学》,上海人民出版社,2007年版,第1页。
    ③孟昭兰:《情绪心理学》,第93页。
    ④Sroufe, L.,“Socioemotional Development,”in D. Osofsky (Ed.), Handbook of Infant Development, New York: Wiley, 1979.
    ①孟昭兰:《情绪心理学》,第100页。
    ②Russell, James A.,“Core Affect and Psychological Construction of Emotion,”Psychological Review, p.156.
    ③Norbert Schwarz, and Gerald L. Clore,“Mood as Information: 20 Years Later,”Psychological Inquiry, Vol.14, No.3&4, 2003, pp.296-303.
    ④Ibid., p.298.
    ①Joseph P. Forgas,“Feeling and doing: Affective Influences on Interpersonal Behavior,”Psychological Inquiry, pp.3-4.
    ②Maria Gendron and Lisa Feldman Barrett,“Reconstructing the Past: a Century of Ideas about Emotion in Psychology,”p.317.
    ③孟昭兰:《人类情绪》,北京大学出版社,1989年版,第27页。
    ④M. Hoffman,“Affect, Cognition and Motivation,”In Sorrentino, R. (Ed.), Handbook of Motivation and Cognition, New York: Guilford Press, 1986.
    ①孟昭兰主编:《情绪心理学》,第30页。
    ①“There is no such thing as an affectless mind”, Carroll E., Izard, Basic Emotions, Natural Kinds, Emotion Schemas, and a New Paradigm, Perspectives on Psychological Science, p.270.
    ①Andrew.A.G. Ross,“Coming in from the Cold: Constructivism and Emotions,”European Journal of International Relations, Vol: 12, No.2 , 2006, p.197.
    ②Jonathan Mercer,“Approaching Emotion in International Politics,”paper presented at the International Studies Association Conference, San Diego, California, 25 April, 1996.转引自, Neta C. Crawford,“The Passion of World Politics: Propositions on Emotions and Emotional Relationships,”International Security, Vol. 24, No. 4, Spring 2000, p.116.
    ③Jonathan Mercer,“Human Nature and the First Image: Emotion in International Politics,”Journal of International Relations and Development, Vol.9, 2006, pp.288-303.
    ①Neta C. Crawford,“The Passion of World Politics: Propositions on Emotions and Emotional Relationships,”International Security, Vol. 24, No. 4, Spring 2000, p. 116
    ②G. E. Marcus,“Emotions in Politics,”Annual Review of Political Science, Vol.3, 2000, pp.221-250.
    ③Brent E. Sasley,“Affective Attachment and Foreign Policy: Israel and the 1993 Oslo Accords,”European Journal of International Relations,ⅩⅩ(Ⅹ), 2010 pp.1-23; Paul Saurette,“You Dissin Me? Humiliation and Post 9/11 Global Politics,”Review of International Studies, Vol.32, 2006, pp.495-522; P. J. Katzenstein, and Robert O. Keohane,“Varieties of Anti-Americanism: A Framework for Analysis,”in Peter J. Katzenstein and Robert O. Keohane (eds.), Anti-Americanism in World Politics, Ithaca, NY: Cornell, University Press, 2007, pp.9-38; Andrew.A.G, Ross,“Why They Don’t Hate Us: Emotion, Agency and the Politics of‘Anti-Americanism’,”Millennium-Jounal of International Studies, Vol.39,No.1, 2010, pp.109-125.
    ①参见Emma Hutchison ,“Trauma and the Politics of Emotions: Constituting Identity, Security and Community after the Bali Bombing,”International Relations, Vol.24, No.1, 2010, pp.65-86; K. M. Fierke,“Where of We can Speak, There of We Must Not Be Silent: Trauma, Political Solipsism and War,”Review of International Studies, 2004, 30(4), pp.471-491;
    ②Ross, Andrew.A.G., Affective States: Rethinking Passion in Global Politics, Ph.D. Dissertation, (Johns Hopkins University, 2005)
    ③关于representation一词的翻译和所表达的意思经历了从“再现”到“表征”的转变,参见《Representation:从再现到表征——论斯图尔特·霍尔的文化表征理论》,《江西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》,2008年第6期,第73-80页。
    ④Emma Hutchison ,“Trauma and the Politics of Emotions: Constituting Identity, Security and Community after the Bali Bombing,”pp.65-86.
    ⑤K. M. Fierke,“Where of We can Speak, There of We Must Not Be Silent: Trauma, Political Solipsism and War,”pp.471-491.
    ①Roland Bleiker and Emma Hutchison,“Fear No More: Emotions and World Politics,”Review of International Studies, Vol.34, 2008, p.129.
    ①Andrew A. G. Ross, Affective States: Rethinking Passion in Global Politics, Ph.D. Dissertation (Johns Hopkins University, 2005), p.11.
    ①Andrew A. G. Ross,“Coming in from the cold,”p.210.
    ②Andrew A. G. Ross, Affective States: Rethinking Passion in Global Politics, p.31,note 67.
    ①Andrew A. G. Ross, Affective States: Rethinking Passion in Global Politics, pp.160-170.
    ①Sheldon Stryker,“Integrating Emotion into Identity Theory,”in Jonathan H. Turner (ed.), Theory and Research on Human Emotions, Oxford, UK, Elsevier Ltd, 2004, p.11.
    ②Joseph P. Forgas ,“Feeling and doing: Affective Influences on Interpersonal Behavior,”Psychological Inquiry, 2002, Vol.13, No.1, pp.1-28.
    ③Andrew R.G. Ross, Affective States.
    ④Jan E. Stets,“Identity Theory and Emotions,”in Jan E. Stets and Jonathan H. Turner (Eds.), Handbook of the Sociology of Emotions (Spriner, 2006), p.206.
    ①Burke, Peter J., Jan E. Stets,“Trust and Commitment through Self-Verification,”Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol.62, No.4, 1999, p.349.
    ②McCall, Geoge J. and J. L. Simmons,“Identities and Interactions,”New York: Free Press, 1966.
    ③Stryker, Sheldon,“Integrating Emotion into Identity Theory,”in Jonathan H. Turner (eds.), Theory and Research on Human Emotions, eds., Oxford, UK, Elsevier Ltd, 2004, p.19.
    ④M. Hoffman, Affect,“Cognition and Motivation,”in Sorrentino, R. (Ed.), Handbook of Motivation and Cognition, (New York: Guilford Press, 1986).
    ①Stryker, Sheldon, Integrating Emotion into Identity Theory, p.14.
    ②Jan E. Stets, Identity Theory and Emotions, in Jan E. Stets and Jonathan H. Turner (Eds.), Handbook of the Sociology of Emotions (Spriner, 2006), p.205.
    ③Peter J. Burke, Jan E. Stets, Trust and Commitment through Self-Verification, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol.62, No.4 (1999), pp.349-351.
    ①Peter J. Burke, Jan E. Stets,“Trust and Commitment through Self-Verification,”p.351.
    ②R. B. Zajonc,“Feeling and Thinking: Preferences Need No Inferences,”p157-158.
    
    ①Sheldon Stryker,“Integrating Emotion into Identity Theory,”pp.11-12.
    ②Jan E. Stets,“Identity Theory and Emotions,”p.205.
    ①Encyclop?dia Britannica online,Chicago: Encyclop?dia Britannica, 2001.
    ②Koen Lamberts and Robert L. Goldstone, The Handbook of Cognition, London: Sage Publications, 2005.
    ③Adrew G. Ross, Affective States, p.162.
    ④Wendt, Alexander,“Collective Identity Formation and the International State,”pp.385-387;温特:《国际政治的社会理论》,第287-288。
    ①Crawford, Neta C., The Passion of World Politics: Propositions on Emotions and Emotional Relationships, International Security, Vol. 24, No. 4, Spring 2000, pp. 134-135.
    ②Crawford, Neta C., The Passion of World Politics: Propositions on Emotions and Emotional Relationships, p.140-142.
    ③Emotion and cognition meet in beliefs. Jonathan Mercer, Emotional Beliefs, p.25.
    ④Jonathan Mercer, Emotional Beliefs, pp.8-9.
    
    ①Peter J. Burke, Jan E. Stets,“Trust and Commitment through Self-Verification,”pp.347-360.
    ②Michael Kosfeld, Markus Heinrichs, Paul J. Zak, etc.“Oxytocin Increases Trust in Humans,”Nature, Vol.435 No.7042, 2005, pp.673-676.转引自,Jonathan Mercer,“Emotional Beliefs,”p.6.
    ①Bleiker, Roland, and Emma Hutchison,“Fear No More: Emotions and World Politics,”p.117.
    ②Crawford, p.117.
    ③Thierry Balzacq and Robert Jervis,“Logics of mind and international system: a journey with Robert Jervis,”Review of International Studies, Vol. 30, 2004, pp. 564-565.
    ④Paul Saurette,“You Dissin Me? Humiliation and Post 9/11 Global Politics,”Review of International Studies, Vol.32, 2006, p.522.
    ①Roland Bleiker and Emma Hutchison,“Fear No More: Emotions and World Politics,”pp.125-126.
    ①Crawford,p.131.
    ①陆建人:《“大东盟”及其影响之我见》,《当代亚太》,1999年第6期,第3页。
    ②Robert O.Tilman, Southeast Asia and the Enemy Beyond, Boulder and London: Westview Press, 1987, p.17.
    ①Lee Poh Ping,“Communal spirit is group’s glue”, The Straits Times (Singapore), July 31, 1997.
    ②Frank Frost,“Introduction,”in A. Boinowski, ed., ASEAN into the 1990s (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1990), p.5.转引自Nicholas Tarling, Regionalism in Southeast Asia: to Foster the Political Will (Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2006), p.134.
    ①Roger Irvine,”The Formative Years of ASEAN:1967-1975,”in A. Boinowski ed., ASEAN into the 1990s (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1990), p.14. .转引自Tarling, Nicholas, Regionalism in Southeast Asia: to Foster the Political Will (Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2006), p.134.
    ②Nicholas Tarling, Regionalism in Southeast Asia: to Foster the Political Will, p.134.
    ③王泽编译:《东盟》,中国法制出版社,2006年版,第8页。
    ①Nicholas Tarling, Southeast Asia and the Great Powers, p.110.
    ②Lawrence Olson, Japan in Postwar Asia (London: Pall Mall, 1970), p.19.
    ③转引自Nicholas Tarling, Southeast Asia and the Great Powers, p.111
    ④D. F. Anwar, Indonesia and the Security of Southeast Asia, Jarkata: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1992, pp.35-36.
    ⑤Sudo Sueo, The Fukuda Doctrine and ASEAN: New Dimensions in Japanese Foreign Policy, (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1992), p.158.
    ①Ibid., p.178.
    ②张伯伟、温祁平,《东盟地位的历史变迁——区域经济一体化视角的考察》,《亚太经济》,2010年第5期,第10页。
    ③王林生:《雁行模式与东亚金融危机》,《世界经济》,1999年第1期,第4-8页。
    ①阿米塔·阿查亚著,王正毅、冯怀信译:《建构安全共同体》,上海人民出版社,2004年版,第112页。
    ①杨黔云:《析东盟在国际体系中解决柬埔寨危机的活动》,《历史教学》,2009年第4期,第72页。
    ②菲律宾共和国外交事务秘书慢格拉普斯在1991年10月23日有关柬埔寨问题巴黎会议部长级会议之际发表的声明,第1页。转引自阿米塔·阿查亚:《建构安全共同体》,第133-134页。
    ③马来西亚外交部长巴达维在1991年10月23日有关柬埔寨问题巴黎会议上发表的声明,第2页。转引自阿米塔·阿查亚:《建构安全共同体》,第134页。
    ④Lee Kin Chew,“PM Tells Asean: Stay Cohesive to be counted”, The Straits Times, July 24, 1993.
    ⑤原文为“There is a mood of confidence prevailing in South-east Asia today”, S Jayakumar,“Asean comes of age as new challenges loom”, Business Times (Singapore), June 1, 1994.
    ①S Jayakumar,“Asean comes of age as new challenges loom”, Business Times (Singapore), June 1, 1994.
    ②秦亚青主编:《东亚合作:2009》(第六章东盟地区论坛),北京·经济科学出版社,2009年版。
    ③S Jayakumar,“Asean comes of age as new challenges loom”
    ④秦亚青主编:《东亚合作:2009》(第六章东盟地区论坛)。
    ⑤Yang Razali Kassim,“When ASEAN becomes a player on the world stage”, Business Times (Singapore), August 3, 1994.
    ⑥原文为“ASEAN will always be in the driver’s seat.”Masaomi Terada, Yomiuri Shimbun Correspondent,“ASEAN pursues more high-profile role”, The Daily Yomiuri, August 1, 1994.
    ①Yang Razali Kassim,“When ASEAN becomes a player on the world stage”.
    ②Lee Kim Chew in Bangkok,“ASEAN‘has entered new phase in development’”, The straits Times (Singapore), July 28, 1994.
    ③Lee Kim Chew in Bandar Seri Begawan,“ASEAN must stay in control of lose out”, z, August 4, 1995.
    ④Yang Razali Kassim,”Reconfigured Asean will make presence felt in Asia-Pacific”, Business Times (Singapore), July 25, 1995.
    ⑤Yang Razali Kassim,”Reconfigured Asean will make presence felt in Asia-Pacific”, Business Times (Singapore), July 25, 1995.
    ⑥约翰·奈斯比特:《亚洲大趋势》,北京·外文出版社,1996年版,第45-46页。
    ⑦Teofilo C Daquila,“At 30, ASEAN looks ahead with optimism”, Business Times, March 29, 1997, weekend edition.
    ①Kevin Sullivan,“ASEAN must push harder for Apec benefifs: Sopiee”, Business Times (Singapore), September 14, 1994.
    ②“AEAN indispensable to APEC’s development”, Business Daily, August 6, 1997.
    ①陆建人、周小兵:《亚洲金融危机对东盟的影响》,《世界经济》,1999年第9期,第37-40页。
    ②陆建人:《东盟的发展道路》,《当代亚太》,1999年第8期,第27页。
    ③Irene Ng,“Whither Asean?”, The Straits Times (Singapore), December 5, 1998.
    ④Irene Ng,“Whither Asean?”, The Straits Times (Singapore), December 5, 1998.
    ⑤Anis kamil, Patvinder Singh,“Don:Lack of leadership a factor in diminished standing of Asean”, New Straits Times (Malaysia), June 2, 1999.
    ⑥Harish Mehta,“Asean risks being sidelined in global eonomy”, Business Times (Singapore), July 25, 2000.
    ①Kavi Chongkittavorn,“Regional perspective: ASEAN likely to resist US proposal”, Nation (Thailand), July 8, 1998.
    ②Lee Kim Chew,“Asean stays at the helm of security forum”, The Straits Times, December 17, 1998.
    ③“Hanoi Plan of Action”, Ha Noi, 15 December 1998, ASEAN Secretariat,
    ④“ASEAN Vision 2020”, Kuala Lumpur, 15 December 1997, ASEAN Secretariat,
    ①“Hanoi Plan of Action”, Ha Noi, 15 December 1998.
    ②Yang Razali Kassim,“ASEAN is more relevant than ever”, Business Times (Singapore), August 1, 1998, Weekend Edition.
    ③Deborah Loh,“Asean’s family with its beauty spots and warts”, New Straits Times (Malaysia), June 14, 2003.
    ④Anis Kamil,“Asean ideas to rid out economic woes”, New Straits Times (Malaysia), December 18, 1997.
    ①Ibid.
    ②《东亚合作联合声明》,1999年11月28日于菲律宾马尼拉,外交部网站:http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/pds/gjhdq/gjhdqzz/lhg_13/zywj/。
    ③Jeerawat Na Thalang,“Asean courts region’s economic powers”, The Nation (Thailand), November 27, 1999.
    ④韦红、邢来顺:《国内政治与东盟一体化进程》,《当代亚太》,2010年第2期,第43-57页。
    ⑤Walden Bello,“Is ASEAN Irrelevant?”, Business World, December 14, 2004.
    ①Editorial,“Toward an East Asian Community”, The Korea Herald, December 2, 2004.
    ②李俊久:《协定一体化情境下的日本对东盟新经济外交》,《现代国际关系》,2009年第5期,第19页。
    ①Termsak Chalermpalanupap,“Towards an East Asia Community: The Journey Has Begun”, ASEAN Secretariat, http://www.aseansec.org/13202.htm.
    ②Ong Keng Yong,“Asean Secretary-General’s Message”, New Straits Times (Malaysia), August 8, 2005.
    ③“ASEAN Annual Report 2002-2003”, ASEAN Secretariat, http://www.aseansec.org/ar03.htm.
    ④韦红、邢来顺:《国内政治与东盟一体化进程》,《当代亚太》,2010年第2期,第49-50页。
    ①John Ravenhill,“East Asian Regionalism: Much Ado about Nothing?”Review of International Studies, Vol.35, (2009), pp.225-226.
    ②Harvey Stockwin,“ASEAN further devalued itself at summit”, The Japan Times, October 20, 2003.
    ③“Indonesia questions value of East Asian summit plan”, The Jakarta Post web site, Jakarta, in English 29 June, 2004, BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, June 29, 2004
    ④“Regional perspective: Mixed views on East Asia’s future path”, The Nation (Tailand), May 10, 2004.
    ①Chok Suat Ling, Kamarul Yunus,“Dr M: EAEG is a reality”, New Straits Times (Malaysia), August 5, 2003.
    ②Datuk Seri Dr Mahathir Mohamad,,“Building the East Asia Community: The Way Forward”, New Straits Times (Malaysia), August 5, 2003.
    ③季玲:《东亚合作新局面——第八次10+3领导人会议后东亚合作形式评析》,《外交学院学报》2005年第2期,第51页。
    ①Ashraf Abdullah,“Leaders concur formation of East Asian community inevitable”, New Straits Times (Malaysia), November 8, 2001.
    ②Amitav Acharya, Will Asia’s Past Be Its Future?, International Security, Vol.28, No.3 (Winter, 2003/2004), p.155.
    ③Amitav Acharya,“Strengthening ASEAN as a security community”, Jakarta Post, June 14, 2003.
    
    ①“Asean still indispensable”, New Straits Times, January 7, 2001.
    ②Naranart Phuanganok,“Asean to push for Asian group”, The Nation (Thailand), September 20, 2000.
    ③Ali Alatas,“Asean well and alive”, New Straits Times (Malaysia), October 10, 2000.
    ④Park Sang-seek,“Reshaping East Asia: East Asian Summits”, The Korea Herald, December 19, 2005.
    ⑤“China’s More of Economic Threat than Security”, Malaysia General News, December 4, 2006.
    ⑥Amitav Acharya, Will Asia’s Past Be Its Future?, International Security, pp.152-158.
    ①转引自罗伊(D. Roy):《关于“中国威胁论”》(杨海凤译、周士琳校译),《国外社会科学》,??
    ②S. Pushipanathan,“Building an ASEAN-China Strategic Partnership”, Jakarta Post, July 1, 2004.
    ③Antoaneta Bezlova,“Strategy: China’s Neighbors Unruffled by U.S. Criticism on Arms”, IPS-Inter Press Service, June 10, 2005.
    ④Ibid.
    ⑤“Malaysia PM calls China‘friend’, urges ending talk of‘China threat’”, BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific-Political Supplied by BBC Worldwide Monitoring, January 27, 2007.
    ①Reported in Chinaonline, http://www.chinaonline.com,转引自p.653.
    ②Anak Agung Banyu Perwita,“Rising China and the implications for Southeast Asia”, The Jakarta Post, February 5, 2008.
    ③“Malaysia Do Not Regard China as Economic Threat”, Bernama The Malaysian National News Agency, March 10,2005.
    ④Ravenhill, John, Is China an Economic Threat t Southeast Asia? Asian Survey, Vol.46, No.5 (September/October 2006), pp.653-674;Vatikiotis, Michael R.J., Catching the Dragon’s Tail: China and Southeast Asia in the 21st Century, Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol.25, No.1, (April 2003), pp.65-78.
    ⑤Alice D. Ba,“China and ASEAN: Renavigating Relations for a 21st-century Asia”, Asian Survey, Vol.43, No.4 (July/August 2003), p.628.
    ①“East Asian Community taking root”, The Nikkei Weekly (Japan), July 18, 2006.
    ②“Malaysia East Asia Summit bypassed in East Asian community plan”, BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific-Political Supplied by BBC Worldwide Monitoring, December 8, 2005.
    ③“Reshaping East Asia: East Asian summits”, The Korea Herald, December 19, 2005.
    ④参见Jusuf Wanandi, and Tadashi Yamamoto, eds., East Asia at a Crossroads, Tokyo: Japan Center for International Exchange, 2008;外交学院东亚研究中心:《‘东亚合作:进展、前景与对策’研讨会简报》,2007年10月27日,东亚思想库网络网站,http://www.neat.org.cn/chinese/hzdt/contentshow.php?content_id=68;韩锋:《东亚合作与中国对东盟政策》,《当代亚太》,第39页。
    ①参见:Wanandi, Jusuf and Tadashi Yamamoto, eds., East Asia at a Crossroads, Tokyo: Japan Center for International Exchange, 2008.
    
    ①阿米塔·阿查亚:《建构安全共同体》,第87页。
    ②张振江:《“东盟方式”:现实与神话》,《东南亚研究》,2005年第3期,第
    ①吴建民:《中国的崛起与东亚合作》,《外界评论》2005年第6期,第23页。
    ②David Martin and Michael L. R. Smith,“Making Process, Not Progress: ASEAN and the Evolving East Asian Regional Order,”International Security, Vol.32, No.1, Summer 2007, p.154.转引自唐小松:《三强共治:东亚区域一体化的必然选择》,《现代国际关系》,2008年第2期,第10页。
    ③也有翻译成“东盟外长扩大会议”。
    ④“Joint Communiquéthe Second ASEAN Heads of Government Meeting”, Kuala Lumpur, 4-5 August 1977,
    
    ①阿查亚:《建构地区安全共同体》,第247页。
    ②喻常森:《东盟在亚太多变安全合作进程中的角色分析》,《外交评论》2007年第4期,第62页。
    ③《东盟地区论坛会议及东盟与对话国外长会议》,《瞭望》1996年第32期,第43页。
    ①秦亚青、魏玲:《结构、进程与权力的社会化——中国与东亚地区合作》,《世界经济与政治》,2007年第3期,第13页。
    ②Naranart Phuanganok,“Asean to push for Asian group”, The Nation (Thailand), September 20, 2000.
    ③Ali Alatas,“Asean well and alive”, New Straits Times (Malaysia), October 10, 2000.
    ④魏玲:《国内进程、不对称互动与体系变化——中国、东盟与东亚合作》,《当代亚太》,2010年第6期,第60页。
    ①Kavi Chongkittavorn,“The future of ASEAN and East Asia”, The Korea Herald , December 6, 2005.
    ②“Regional ties: Roh urges East Asian Community”, The Nation (Thailand), October 21, 2003.
    ③Keizo Zabeshima,“Summits of East Asian Unity”, The Japan Times, July 12, 2004.
    ④“Asian strategy as I see it: Japan as the‘thought leader’of Asia”, Speech by Minister for Foreign Affairs Taro Aso at the Foreign Correspondents’Club of Japan, Dec. 7, 2005, http://www.mofa.go.jp/announce/fm/aso/speech0512.html
    ⑤“Asean has to be in the driving seat”, Jakarta Post, November 26, 2004.
    ⑥Ibid.
    
    ①Syed Nadzri,“Long Shadow hanging over East Asia design”, New Straits Times (Malaysia), March 3, 2005.
    ②Hisatsugu Nagao,“East Asian community closer to reality”, The Nikkei Weekly (Japan), July 12, 2004.
    ①“Kuala Lumpur Declaration on the East Asia Summit”, Kuala Lumpur, 14 December 2005, ASEAN Secretariat,
    ②“Kuala Lumpur Declaration on ASEAN Plus Three Summit”, Kuala Lumpur, 12 December 2005, ASEAN Secretariat,
    ③“Malaysia East Asia Summit bypassed in East Asian community plan”, BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific-Political Supplied by BBC Worldwide Monitoring, December 8, 2005.
    ④“Kuala Lumpur Declaration on the East Asia Summit’, Kuala Lumpur, 14 December 2005.
    
    ①张蕴岭:《东亚合作需要创新》,《国际经济评论》2010年第1期,第33页。
    ②陆建人:《日本的区域合作政策》,《当代亚太》,2006年第1期,第19页。
    ③西口清胜:《东亚共同体的构筑与日本的战略》,《南洋资料译丛》,2006年第3期,第1-26页。
    ①张蕴岭:《东亚合作的新趋势》,《当代亚太》2009年第4期,第7页。
    ②秦亚青:《东亚合作:2009》。
    ③刘翔峰:《日本EPA战略及“10+6”推进计划》,《当代亚太》2007年第5期,第47-48页。
    ④陆建人:《从东盟一体化进程看东亚一体化方向》,《当代亚太》,2008年第1期,第25页。
    ⑤“Chairman’s Statement of the 4th East Asia Summit”, Cha-am Hua Hin, Thailand, 25 October 2009, ASEAN Secretariat, http://www.aseansec.org/23609.htm
    ①Jusuf Wanandi and Tadashi Yamamoto, eds., East Asia at a Crossroads, Tokyo: Japan Center for International Exchange, 2008, p.7.
    ②Nair, Deepak,“Regionalism in the Asia Pacific/East Asia: A Frustrated Regionalism?”p.136.
    ③Jusuf Wanandi and Tadashi Yamamoto, eds., East Asia at a Crossroads,, p.16.
    ④同上,第37页。
    ⑤Bilahari Kausikan,“Constructing East Asia”(Opening address, 5th Annual NEAT Conference, Singapore, August 21, 2007).
    ⑥Nair, Deepak,“Regionalism in the Asia Pacific/East Asia: A Frustrated Regionalism?”Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol.31, No.1, 2008, pp.110-142.
    ①Deepak Nair,“Regionalism in the Asia Pacific/East Asia: A Frustrated Regionalism?”p.112.
    ②参见王玉主:《中日之争与东亚合作——以“10+3”、“10+6”为主的分析》,《创新》2010年第3期,第8页。
    ③Daljit Singh,“ASEAN as a geopolitical player”, The Straits Times (Singapore), August 22, 2007.
    
    ①“Blessing in disguise”, The Nation (Thailand), November 17, 2008.
    ②张蕴岭:《东亚合作需要创新》,《国际经济评论》2010年第1期,第36页。
    ④阿米塔·阿查亚:《建构安全共同体》,中文版前言,第29页。
    ①张蕴岭:《东亚区域合作的新趋势》,《当代亚太》,2009年第4期,第8页。
    ①“Press Statement by the Chairman of the 7th ASEAN Summit and the 5th ASEAN+3 Summit,”Brunei Darussalam, 5 November 2001, ASEAN Secretariat, http://www.aseansec.org/5467.htm.
    ②季玲:《东亚合作新局面》,第???页。
    ③“Press Statement by the Chairman of the 8th ASEAN Summit, the 6th ASEAN+3 Summit and the ASEAN-China Summit,”Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 4 November, 2002, ASEAN Secretariat, http://www.aseansec.org/13188.htm.
    ④“Chairman’s Statement of the 8th ASEAN+3 Summit,”Vientiane, 29 November 2004, ASEAN Secretariat, http://www.aseansec.org/16847.htm.
    ①参见“Kuala Lumpur Declaration on the ASEAN Plus Three Summit,”Kuala Lumpur, 12 December 2005, ASEAN Secretariat, http://www.aseansec.org/18036.htm,“Chairman’s Statement of the 8th ASEAN+3 Summit,”Vientiane, 29 November 2004,
    ②“Chairman’s Statement of the Tenth ASEAN Plus Three Summit,”Cebu, Philippines, 14 January 2007, ASEAN Secretariat, http://www.aseansec.org/19315.htm.
    ③Nair, Deepak,“Regionalism in the Asia Pacific/East Asia: A Frustrated Regionalism?”Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol.31, No.1, 2008, p.128.
    ④“Chairman’s Statement of the Second East Asia Summit,”Cebu, Philippines, 15 January 2007, ASEAN Secretariat, http://www.aseansec.org/19302.htm.
    ⑤“Chairman’s Statement of the 3rd East Asia Summit,”Singapore, 21 November 2007, ASEAN Secretariat, http://www.aseansec.org/23323.htm.
    ⑥魏玲:《规范·制度·共同体——东亚合作的架构与方向》,《外交评论》,2010年第2期,第75页。
    ⑦Angus Grigg,“Blow to Rudd’s Asia plan”, The Australian Financial Review, July 23, 2008.
    ①Simon Tay,“It’s time for Asean to deliver,”The Straits Times (Singapore), July 16, 2008.
    ②魏玲:《规范·制度·共同体——东亚合作的架构与方向》,第75页。
    ③S. Pushpanathan,“Keeping the momentum going”, The Straits Times (Singapore), December 29, 2005.
    ④“Kuala Lumpur Declaration on the East Asia Summit,”Kula Lumpur, 14 December 2005, ASEAN Secretariat, http://www.aseansec.org/23298.htm.
    ⑤参见“Press Statement by the Chairman of the 8th ASEAN Summit, the 6th ASEAN+3 Summit and the ASEAN-China Summit,”Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 4 November, 2002;“Press Statement by the Chairperson of the 9th ASEAN Summit and the 7th ASEAN+3 Summit,”Bali, Indonesia, 7 October 2003, ASEAN Secretariat, http://www.aseansec.org/15259.htm.
    ①“Kuala Lumpur Declaration on ASEAN Plus Three Summit”, Kuala Lumpur, 12 December 2005,ASEAN Secretariat, http://www.aseansec.org/18036.htm.
    ②“Chairperson’s Statement of the 12th ASEAN Summit,”H. E. the President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, Cebu, Philippines, 13 January 2007. ASEAN Secretariat, http://www.aseansec.org/19280.htm.
    ③“Towards an assertive Asia,”The Statesman (India), December 4, 2005.
    ①“Press Statement by the Chairperson of the 9th ASEAN Summit and the 7th ASEAN+3 Summit,”Bali, Indonesia, 7 October 2003, ASEAN Secretariat, http://www.aseansec.org/15259.htm.
    ②Denis Hew,”The Charter’s the thing to get Asean going”, New Straits Times (Malaysia), February 4, 2006.
    ③Chairman’s Statement of the 13th ASEAN Summit, Singapore, November 20, 2007, ASEAN Secretariat, http://www.aseansec.org.
    ④张锡镇:《东盟的历史转折:走向共同体》,《国际政治研究》,2007年第2期,第131页。
    ①Rodolfo C. Severino,”Why Asean should have a charter; Document will give grouping a legal personality, allowing it to act more decisively”, The Straits Times (Singapore), December 5, 2005.
    ①Rodolfo C. Severino,“Asean in need of stronger cohesion”, The Straits Times (Singapore), December 9, 2006.
    ②Ibid..
    ③杜平:《灵魂空虚的东南亚融合进程》,联合早报网,2007年1月19日,http://www.zaobao.com/special/forum/pages5/forum_zp070119c.html
    ④Nande Khin,“Time for Asean to strengthen itself: PM Lee;Action needed in face of competitive pressures”, The Business Times Singapore, December 13, 2005.
    ①Denis Hew,”The Charter’s the thing to get Asean going”, New Straits Times (Malaysia), February 4, 2006.
    ②“The power of one”, New Straits Times (Malaysia), December 12, 2005.
    ③杜平:《灵魂空虚的东南亚融合进程》。
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