中部地区能源产业发展研究
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摘要
能源产业作为国民经济发展的基础产业,直接关系到国家的经济发展水平,能源结构直接关系到社会生产方式的转变和产业结构的优化。中国有着世界第一位的水能资源蕴藏量,第三位的煤炭探明储量,第十一位的石油探明储量和世界第十八位的天然气探明储量,并拥有丰富的新能源和可再生能源资源。改革开放以来,中国以较低的能源消费增速支撑了较高的经济增速,能源产业积极转变发展方式,结构调整力度不断加大,并依托重大工程开展科技创新,能源装备自主化成绩显著。同时,中国能源行业管理体制进一步完善,体制机制改革继续深化,能源国际合作力度不断加大。但是中国能源产业发展问题仍然存在,能源品种结构不合理,优质能源供应不足,能源活动造成生态环境恶化并影响居民健康,能源利用效率较低,能源消费结构不合理。中部地区煤炭资源丰富、电力产业优势较强,能源产业在中部地区经济发展中占据着重要地位。《促进中部地区崛起规划实施意见》强调要把中部地区打造成我国重要的粮食生产基地、能源原材料基地、现代装备制造及高技术产业基地和综合交通枢纽等促进中部地区崛起的八大任务。其中,能源原材料基地建设是这次建设的重点。能源原材料基地建设,不仅要在现有常规能源基础上结合市场需求,努力扩大规模,增加能源产量,同时要加大科技创新力度和政策扶持力度,积极开发新的能源品种,大力推广能源开采和深加工技术,实施多元化能源发展战略。中部地区起着“承东启西”的作用,能源原材料基地建设将会使中部崛起驶入发展快车道。加强中部的交通、能源等基础设施建设,既可以扭转全国运输、电力紧张的局面,又可以使中部更好的为东部产业转移、西部大开发和振兴东北老工业基地战略的顺利实施发挥支撑和纽带作用。中部地区能源产业发展要加强能源产业发展的科学规划和合理布局、健全政策法规,形成良好制度环境、提高能源效率,促进能源节约、加强能源环境保护、加快中部地区能源产业结构调整,积极发展替代能源。本论文遵循理论分析和实证分析相结合的研究思路,研究重点集中于对中部地区煤炭产业、石油天然气产业及电力产业供需现状、企业经济发展情况以及固定资产投资情况、中部地区新能源发展状况的描述、评价与分析,并在此基础上探讨了中部地区能源产业发展的机遇和存在的问题,分析了能源产业发展的影响因素。同时从中部地区能源消费总量、能源消费弹性系数和能源消费强度角度分析了中部地区能源产业发展与经济发展的关系,借鉴国外能源产业发展政策的经验,提出了中部地区能源产业发展的对策。
     首先,论文对能源产业的基本概念和相关理论进行梳理。具体包括对国内外的研究现状的理论综述、对能源产业的相关概念,可持续发展理论、循环经济理论及能源经济学理论的系统分析。
     其次,论文对中国能源产业发展和中部地区能源产业发展进行研究。分析了中国能源资源禀赋和中国能源产业的区域分布情况,在分析中国能源产业发展特征基础上研究了中国能源产业发展存在的问题。并对中部地区能源产业发展概况进行研究。分析了中部地区能源资源禀赋,分别研究了中部地区煤炭产业、石油天然气产业及电力产业的供需情况、企业经济发展状况及产业固定资产投资状况,并在此基础上分析了中部地区能源产业发展面临的机遇和存在的问题。
     最后,论文研究了中部地区新能源产业发展状况,分析了新能源资源禀赋情况、产业发展状况以及存在的问题,同时,从中部地区能源消费总量、能源消费弹性系数和能源消费强度角度分析了中部地区能源产业发展与经济发展的关系,并借鉴国外能源产业发展政策的经验,提出了中部地区能源产业发展的对策。
The energy industry is the basic industry in the national economy and concerns the economic development and growth, it is important for the Industry structure optimization and transformation of social production mode. China has the most hydropower resources in the world, the proved coal reserves is the third, proven oil reserves is the eleventh, proven recoverable gas reserves is the eighteenth in the world.China has abundant resource in new energy and renewable energy. Since the implementation of reform and open policy, China has a high rate of economic growth, but the energy consumption rate is low. The energy industry has transformed the mode of development and has enhanced the structural adjustment. The energy sources equipment has adopted the technological innovation. Meanwhile the administrative system of the energy industry has been improved, and the administrative system and its working mechanisms has made a further deeping. The international co-operation in energy industry has been strengthened. But there are several problems in energy industry in China,for example, the breed structure is irrational, the supply of the superior energy is inadequate,the energy use has worsened the environment. The efficiency of energy consumption is low,and the structure is irrational.
     Central China has abundant coal resources and the electricity industry has many advantages, the energy industry plays an important part in the economic growth in Central China. Central China is now being forged to be the grain production base, energy and raw material base, manufacturing equipment and high technology industry base, and the integrated transport center. The build of the energy and raw material base in Central China is the emphasis.
     The paper combines the theoretical and empirical analysis as the main research ideas and analyzes the supply and consumption of the coal industry, the oil and gas industry and the electricity industry, the development situation of energy enterprises, the fixed assets investment in the energy industry and the situation of the new energy in Central China. Then the paper analyzes the opportunity, problems and influence factors in the energy industry. The paper analyzes the relationship between economic growth and the energy industry from the angle of the energy consumption, the energy consumption elasticity coefficient and the energy consumption intensity. The paper draws on the experience in energy industry development of several countries abroad and concludes the policy for the growth of the energy industry in Central China.
     First, the paper describes the basic concepts and theories related to the energy industry, concluding the concept of energy and energy industry, the sustainable development theory, the circular economy theory and the energy economic theory.
     Second, the paper research on the situation of the energy industry in China and in Central China, describes the regional distribution of the coal industry, the oil and gas industry and the electricity industry in China, analyzes the problem in energy industry in China. Then the paper analyzes the supply and consumption of the coal industry, the oil and gas industry and the electricity industry, the development situation of energy enterprises, the fixed assets investment in the energy industry and the situation of the new energy in Central China.And analyzes the opportunity, problems and influence factors in the energy industry.
     Finally, the paper analyzes the relationship between economic growth and the energy industry from the angle of the energy consumption, the energy consumption elasticity coefficient and the energy consumption intensity, then draws on the experience in energy industry development of several countries abroad and concludes the policy for the growth of the energy industry in Central China.
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