摘要
天基预警卫星系统作为弹道导弹防御系统部署在太空的“耳目”,是弹道导弹防御系统的重要组成部分。早期的预警卫星系统能提供导弹发射的大致方位、导弹落点的区域范围,以及有限的弹道信息;而美国目前正在发展的新一代预警卫星系统—“天基跟踪与监视系统”(STSS,Space Tracking and Surveillance System),能够对飞行中的弹道导弹提供精确的跟踪和监视能力。本文以美国STSS系统基本结构和功能为参照,针对低轨预警星座对中远程弹道导弹飞行中段的精确跟踪和探测任务,逐渐深入的展开对星载传感器资源管理和预警探测任务调度问题的研究和探讨。
星载传感器资源管理和预警探测任务调度问题与传统的传感器资源管理和任务调度问题不同。首先,星载传感器资源随预警卫星环绕地球轨道作周期性动态运动;其次,弹道导弹目标具有极快速移动特性。因此,预警探测任务的执行面临着动态性、随机性,以及各种不确定性因素的影响,且具有强实时性要求,加之弹道目标同星载传感器资源之间复杂的对应可视关系,都极大地增加了星载传感器资源管理和任务调度问题的难度。本文研究内容主要包括以下几个方面:
(1)基于传感器资源管理反馈构建预警探测任务系统闭环控制模式
借鉴多传感器数据融合系统的闭环控制结构,提出了基于星载传感器资源管理反馈的预警探测任务系统闭环控制模式,构建具有反馈结构的的预警探测任务系统结构,并具体的分析了星载传感器资源管理的功能模型和体系架构。星载传感器资源管理子系统作为闭环控制模式的反馈环节,有利于实现整个任务系统的实时调整和迭代优化。
(2)基于滚动时域控制理论对预警探测任务调度问题进行深入的分析
滚动时域控制理论将反馈与优化有机结合,其实质是用随时间反复进行的一系列小规模优化问题的求解过程来替代大规模优化问题的求解过程,以达到在优化的前提下降低计算量并减少不确定性的目的。本文基于滚动时域控制理论对预警探测任务的调度时机、调度策略和调度评价等问题进行了详细、深入的分析,为建立预警探测任务调度模型和设计调度算法提供了坚实的理论依据。
(3)基于Multi-Agent的预警探测任务调度系统自治运营结构
在闭环控制模式和滚动时域调度理论的基础上,本文提出并构建了基于Multi-Agent的预警探测任务调度系统自治运营结构,这也是当前多卫星系统发展的必然趋势。并通过对预警卫星系统自治性的分析和研究,对基于Multi-Agent的预警探测任务调度系统的体系结构、通信机制和协商机制等展开深入的分析。
(4)构建调度模型和设计调度算法
建立了基于滚动周期调度窗口的静态预测式调度模型以及基于动态扰动事件点的动态反应式调度模型,并设计了基于遗传操作的粒子群优化调度算法(GOBPSO)和基于Multi-Agent协商机制的动态调度算法(MANSA)。基于遗传操作的粒子群优化算法用以解决滚动周期调度窗口内的静态调度问题,基于Multi-Agent协商机制的调度算法用以解决动态扰动产生情况下的动态调度问题。
(5)仿真系统设计和算法验证
以远程弹道导弹预警探测任务为背景,构建了原型仿真系统,并设计了典型实验方案,通过对多种算法进行仿真比较,验证了GOBPSO算法和MANSA算法的多项性能指标。
本文从理论分析和实验验证两个方面,对天基预警卫星系统星载传感器资源管理和预警探测任务调度问题展开了深入的分析和研究,实验结果表明,本文所提的方法和理论是有效的、可行的,为进一步展开研究提供了良好的依据。
As an“eye”deployed in space by ballistic missile defense system (BMDS), space based early warning satellite system is an important part of BMDS. Early warning satellite system plays the key role in finding the enemy intercontinental missile strike as early as possible.and can provide the missile launch roughly position, the missile balls area, and limited ballistic information; And the United States is currently developing a new generation of early warning satellite System-“Space-based Tracking and Surveillance System”(STSS), and it can provide accurately tracking and surveillance ability for the ballistic missile free-flight. This paper references STSS system in the United States, gradually in depth research and discuss the satellite sensor resources management and early warning detection tasks scheduling problem.
The satellite sensor resources management and early warning detection tasks scheduling problem are different from the traditional resources management and the task scheduling problem, first of all, the satellite sensor resource act periodic dynamic movement with the early warning satellite orbit around the earth; Secondly, the early warning constellation of LEO face extremely fast moving ballistic missile target. Therefore, the early warning detection task execution faces, random, and all sorts of dynamic uncertainty factors, and has the strong real-time requirement, and with the complex visible windows between satellite sensor resources and ballistic targets greatly increased the difficulty of resources management and tasks scheduling problem.The research content of this paper mainly includes the following aspects:
(1) Based on the sensor resource management feedback constructing early warning detection task scheduling system closed-loop control mechanism
This paper reference multi-sensor data fusion system closed loop control structure and propose early warning detection task scheduling system closed loop control pattern based on the satellite sensor resources management, and specificly analysis the satellite sensor resources management function model and system architecture. As feedback part of the closed-loop control mode, the satellite sensor resource management subsystem can realize the real-time adjustment and iterative optimization of task scheduling system.
(2) Analysing the early warning detection tasks scheduling problem based on rolling horizon control theory
Rolling horizon control theory organic combinate feedback with optimization, its essence is a iterative optimization process with a series of small optimization problem solving process over time to replace a large scale optimization problem solving process to achieve optimization in the premise of the purpose of reducing calculation and uncertainty. This paper detailed analysis the problems such as early warning detection task scheduling time, scheduling strategy and scheduling evaluation, based on the theory of rolling horizon control, providing the solid theoretical basis for the establishment of early warning detection task scheduling model and design scheduling algorithm.
(3) Constructing autonomous operation structure based on Multi-Agent's early warning detection task scheduling system
Based on the closed-loop control mode and rolling horizon scheduling theory, the paper proposes early warning detection task scheduling system autonomous operation structure based on Multi-Agent, this is current the inevitable trend of the development of multi-satellites system. And through analyzed and studied autonomy of the early warning satellite system, the early warning detection task scheduling system structure based on Multi-Agent, communication mechanism and consultation mechanism on in-depth analysis.
(4) Constructing scheduling model and designing scheduling algorithm
Some static and dynamic scheduling model was established, which based on rolling horizon scheduling windows and dynamic disturbance events points, and it designed the static scheduling algorithms of particle swarm optimazation based on genetic operation (GOBPSO) and dynamic scheduling algorithm based on negotiate mechanism of Multi-Agents(MANSA). The particle swarm optimization algorithm based on genetic operation is to solve rolling horizon scheduling problem, The scheduling algorithm based on negotiate mechanism of Multi-Agent is to solve dynamic disturbance events points scheduling problem.
(5) Simulation system design and algorithm verification
With long-range ballistic missile early warning detection task as the background, it constructed the prototype simulation system, and designed a typical experiment scheme, through the comparison of a number of algorithms, the simulation verified the optimization performance of GOBPSO algorithm and MANSA algorithm.
This paper analysis and research in-depth satellite sensor resources management and early warning detection tasks scheduling problem of early warning satellite system from the two aspects of theoretical analysis and simulation test. The experimental results show that the proposed method and theory is effective, feasible, and it provides a good basis for further research.
引文
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