摘要
三废锅炉技术是近些年来在国内发展应用起来的一种新型、节能、环保、高效、低污染的清洁燃烧技术,是国家循环经济所支持的节能环保项目。它将生产过程中产生的工艺废气(吹风气、放空气等)、废渣(造气炉渣等)、除尘器细灰等掺入部分煤矸石在三废流化混燃炉内燃烧,达到制取高位热能蒸汽的目的,产生的中压蒸汽经背压可发电,背压后的低压蒸汽可供生产使用,混燃炉渣则可以作为生产高档水泥的原料。
对于使用锅炉的高耗能高污染行业,我们必须尽可能地节能减排,才符合国家低碳经济、可持续发展战略,而要想实现节能减排,先进技术和控制系统是关键。本文首先对三废锅炉工艺流程进行了较为详实的分析,主要介绍了三废锅炉的工作过程及节能原理,分析了三废锅炉控制系统中存在的问题。针对三废锅炉控制系统存在的问题,本文采用滑模控制和预测控制的方法用于三废锅炉的建模与控制优化,并在实践上,给出了三废锅炉的整个控制工艺设计,实际应用效果表明该工艺设计及控制系统具备良好的推广价值和应用前景。主要工作和创新点如下：
1.考虑一类受扰非线性系统,设计了非线性干扰观测器在线逼近外部干扰,并分析了非线性干扰观测器参数的选择方法,证明了其收敛特性；针对输入不确定的情况设计了基于非线性干扰观测器自适应滑模控制,并对其性能进行了分析。通过一个倒立摆的数值仿真验证了所设计方法的有效性；针对三废锅炉的床温控制系统,设计了基于干扰观测器的自适应滑模控制方案,采用Lyapunov方法严格证明了闭环系统的稳定性,对闭环系统进行数值仿真,结果表明该方法收敛速度快,鲁棒性强,能够满足控制需求。
2.基于模糊干扰观测器设计了SISO非线性不确定系统的自适应滑模控制,详细分析了动态观测系统和闭环系统的性能,证明了闭环信号的有界性；并将结论推广,针对MIMO非线性不确定系统,设计了自适应滑模控制,在参数自适应中引入了动态干扰观测误差和切换函数,严格证明了闭环系统各信号的有界性。以三废锅炉主蒸汽温度控制为对象,设计了基于模糊干扰观测器的自适应滑模控制,在所有干扰未知的情况下,实现了温度的跟踪控制,仿真结果表明该方法控制效果良好。
3.将LS-SVM作为预测模型应用于三废锅炉汽包水位预测控制,进一步对其进行反馈校正控制、滚动优化。有效地解决了三废锅炉汽包水位预测在线滚动优化和非线性系统建模方面的困难。通过仿真实验结果,验证了该方法的有效性。
4.对玉溪银河化工厂的55t/h三废锅炉控制系统进行总体设计；进而对控制系统的具体设计做了详细描述；再以三废锅炉汽包水位自动控制系统为例采用PID算法进行了设计与实现,最终给出了系统的运行实现界面。通过实际系统的运行结果表明,本文设计的三废锅炉控制效果良好,节能效果明显。作者将在进一步的研究中,把本论文的理论研究成果和实际相结合,进一步提高和改进控制系统性能和节能效果。
In the national energy-saving emission reduction, low carbon economy sustainable development strategy, waste boiler technology is a new type of environmental protection, high efficiency, energy saving, low pollution clean combustion technology, more and more widely, its development potential is tremendous. The technology will burn the waste gas (air blowing, etc.), waste residue (slag etc.), fine gray dust produced in production process in mixed waste stream of the burner added with portion of coal gangue to produce high heat steam. Medium pressure steam produced by back pressure can generate electricity, after the low pressure steam is available for production use, mixed combustion slag can be used as the production of high-grade cement raw material.
For high-energy high-pollution industries that use boiler, we must do everything to energy saving, that can consistent with the national sustainable development strategy of low-carbon economy, in order to achieve energy conservation, advanced technology and control systems is the key.This thesis first to give a more detailed analysis for three waste boiler craft flow, it mainly introduced the waste boiler work process and energy saving principle, and analysis the problems. For the problems of three waste boiler control system, this thesis using sliding mode control and predictive control for boiler control algorithm design. Through practice, give the whole craft design process of three waste boiler, practical application shows that the process design and control system has good prospects and have good promotion and application value. Main work and innovation are as follows:
1. Considering a class of perturbed nonlinear systems, designing nonlinear disturbance observer online approaching external interference, and analysis of the nonlinear disturbance observer parameter selection method, prove the convergence property; According to the input is uncertain, nonlinear disturbance observer is designed based on adaptive sliding mode control, and its performance is analyzed. Through a handstand pendulum of numerical simulation results prove that the validity of the method of design; According to "three wastes" boiler bed temperature control system, design based on disturbance observer adaptive sliding mode control scheme, the use of strict Lyapunov method to prove the stability of the closed-loop system, numerical simulation of the closed-loop system, the results show that the method converges fast, robust, able to meet the control requirements.
2. To design SISO system based on fuzzy disturbance observer based adaptive sliding mode control system, a detailed analysis of the dynamic observation system and the performance of the closed loop system proved that the closed-loop signals are bounded. And promotes the conclusion, in view of the MIMO system, design of adaptive sliding mode control system, the adaptive parameter is introduced in the dynamic interference observation error and the switching function is strictly proved the closed loop system, the signals are bounded. Take three wastes boiler host vapor temperature as the control object, designing sliding mode control based on the Fuzzy disturbance observer, under the situation of all disturbance unknown, realizing the temperature follow-up control, the simulation result shows this control method good.
3. The LS-SVM used in Drum water level predictive control of the three waste boiler, the least squares support vector machine as a predictive model to its feedback correction control strategy, rolling optimization. It can effectively solve the difficulties in rolling optimization and nonlinear systems built mode online. Simulation results verify the method is effective.
4. The overall design for the 55T/h three waste boiler in Yuxi Galaxy chemical, and then detailed description for the specific design of the control system; then take waste boiler drum water level control system for example, using PID algorithm to design and implementation. Finally gives the operation interface of the system. Through the actual operation of the system, the results showed that the thesis design of the waste boiler control and energy-saving effect are both well. The author further study should do the combination of the results of theoretical studies in this thesis and the reality, to further enhance and improve control system performance and energy efficiency.
引文
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