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准噶尔盆地西北缘克拉玛依—夏子街走滑构造
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摘要
本文依据钻测井数据、二(三)维地震资料,重磁及大地电磁资料(MT),结合地表地质调查和遥感影像解译,分析准噶尔盆地西北缘构造变形特征,重建该区构造变形演化历史,探讨构造变形机制。
     利用重磁、二维地震资料和MT资料,建立准噶尔盆地西北缘克拉玛依-夏子街区域构造剖面,确定该区区域构造格架;利用三维地震资料建立该区断层和褶皱的三维展布,分析褶皱和断层的平面、空间组合关系。依据断层相关褶皱原理和轴面分析方法确定雁列褶皱的几何学和运动学特征,依据不整合面特征和生长地层(Growth strata)特征分析雁列褶皱变形期次,厘定西北缘走滑构造发生的时间,进而确定准噶尔盆地西北缘走滑构造变形演化过程和变形机制。
     乌尔禾-夏子街地区主要受夏红北走滑断层控制。夏红北断层在剖面上呈正花状构造,平面上近东一西向线性延伸。夏红北断层两侧发育雁列褶皱和阶步断层,断层北侧发育风城向斜,断层南侧发育乌尔禾和夏子街雁行排列短轴断背斜。风城向斜与乌尔禾复背斜的三维空间关系表明夏红北断层是一条走滑断层。夏红北断层与其两侧雁列褶皱和阶步断层的组合关系表明,夏红北断层为右旋走滑断层。夏红北断层尾端(红旗坝地区)发育马尾状低缓逆冲断层。
     克拉玛依-百口泉断裂带主要发育克百走滑断层,断面高陡,近于直立。断层两侧地层电性差异明显,未见大规模逆冲推覆构造。克百走滑断层在百口泉地区具有分段性差异,由两条北东向平直断层和断层之间的叠接部位组成。南北两端平直断层剖面上表现为正花状构造,叠接部位发育多条弧形逆冲断层和褶皱,形成环形的挤压结。挤压结和阶步平直断层组合关系表明克百断层是一条右旋走滑断层。
     走滑断层两侧雁列褶皱变形和生长地层特征表明准噶尔盆地西北缘走滑构造发生在晚二叠世-三叠纪,侏罗纪变形微弱,白垩纪以后变形基本停止。夏红北断层、克百断层与达尔布特断层构成里德尔单剪走滑系统,达尔布特断层晚二叠世-三叠纪发生右行走滑;侏罗纪达尔布特断层走滑方向发生反转,断层北侧发育走滑断陷盆地,形成和什托洛盖盆地;准噶尔盆地西北缘新生代没有发生大的构造变形。
     准噶尔盆地西北缘晚二叠世以来主要受到走滑断层控制,并非发育大规模逆冲推覆构造。
The fault system in the NW margin of the Junggar Basin, west China, affords an exceptional opportunity to document the structural features of a major strike-slip fault using two-and three dimensional seismic reflection data and magnetotelluric(MT) data. The identifications of strike-slip are made not only from profile and map relationship but also from3D relationship of structural element. The growth stratigraphic sequence on the top or flank of en echelon folds provides a complete, decipherable record of the kinematics of strike-slip fault.
     The Xiahongbei and Kebai fault zone display relatively straight, narrow, long, throughgoing, solitary master fault or zone of deformation; narrow fault slices within the master fault zone that steepen and join at depth form positive flower structures; different orientation of relative upthrown side and separation sense at these fault slices; coeval, en echelon flanking folds and faults structures developed in the Xiahongbei fault zone.
     Xiahongbei fault zone can be divided into three tectonic units from north to south: the Halat basement uplift belt (Dalabute strike-slip fault), the Wuerhe-Xiazijie fault block-en echelon folds belt, and the Mahu lake slop were identified at the NW margin of the Junggar Basin. The Zayie-Halat uplift basement belt is closed to the Dalabute strike-slip fault and developed vertical strike-slip faults. Devonian to Upper Carboniferous volcanic, volcaniclastic and flysch rocks crop out along the belt. The Wuerhe-Xiazijie fault block-en echelon folds belt consists of slip faults and en echelon folds. The stepping fault patterns and orientation of en echelon fold structures indicate right-lateral sense about W-E azimuth of slip. The fault segments with clockwise orientation are characterized by convergent structures. Xiahongbei strike-slip fault is accompanied by a horsetail splays reverse faults at its end tips in the Hongqiba area. The Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic have folded and are unconformity by the Jurassic and Cretaceous, indicating the deformation developed in the Late Permian to Triassic.
     In the Basement, Kebai fault zone present a stepover between two NNE offset fault and produce pop-ups and uplifts in the Baikouquan area. Similarly, In the Permian to Triassic sediment cover, it can be divided into three different Structural deformation sections. Both concave and convex-up oblique reverse faults in the pop-up link the principal deformation zone (PDZ) and represent a series of sigmoidal dextral reverse fault on the3D seismic horizon time slice. The unconformity between late Permian wuerhe formation and Triassic formation and the growth stratigraphic sequence in Triassic show Kebai fault zone deformed during the Late Permian to the Triassic.
     According to the structural stress fields in NW margin of Junggar basin and adjacent areas and the map relationship of Xiaohongbei fault, Kebai fault and Dalabute fault, these faults comprise a Riedel model of right simple shear in the Late Permian to Triassic and Dalabute represents a dextral fault system, but presently is a sinistral strik-slip faul system. There may be a slip-reversal of Dalabute fault during The Jurassic accompanied by stretching, subsidence and formation of rift basin in The Hesituoluogai area north of it. The maxium principal stress orientation is N76°W in the Late Permian to Triassic, but near SN after The Jurassic. The exposed Dalabute fault has been reactivated in the Cenozoic, which was affected by the long-distance expression of the Cenozoic India-Asia collision. The NW margin of the Junggar Basin apparently was not defonned in the Cenozoic.
引文
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