网格GIS下协同式空间信息工作流实现技术研究
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摘要
随着信息处理技术的迅速发展和计算机软硬件设备的不断升级换代,空间信息的采集、生产、处理及存储的方式和手段获得了很大的进步,各个空间信息应用领域的空间数据规模呈指数级别增长,传统的单机集中式数据处理方式逐渐被以计算机网络为基础的行业空间信息基础设施所替代,提高了空间信息并行处理和分布式共享的程度。现有的行业空间信息基础设施网络环境的建设,为地域上分散的多个空间信息业务节点提供了高速的网络互连,使传统集中汇总式的业务流程向分布式并行处理方式的改变成为可能。但是现有的空间信息网格环境中的大量线匕业务系统主要采用的是传统Web GIS技术构建,并未能有效地解决传统的集中式空间信息处理带来的性能瓶颈问题和业务处理的复杂性问题。主要表现在：现有的Web GIS软件架构无法提供多个业务节点服务共同参与的协同式自动计算,只能够分别由各个业务节点调用本地的计算资源独立地处理本地的空间信息,然后通过网络传输对各个业务节点的计算结果逐个进行汇总。如果要更新空间信息处理的算法策略,必须对各个节点逐个地进行功能服务的更新,加重了业务系统运维的复杂度与成本,无法真正实现空间信息的分布式处理。
网格空间信息服务工作流系统(Grid Geospatial Service Workflow System)是当前网格工作流技术与空间信息处理技术相结合的发展方向和研究重点,它将地理信息系统软件在单机系统上的处理能力提升到网格分布式环境中来,通过网格空间信息处理中间件屏蔽掉底层多源异构空间信息计算资源的复杂性,以网格服务的形式统一封装成上层的抽象资源,通过对空间信息网格服务资源的流程组合与任务编排,实现真正的空间信息分布式协同处理,充分利用了计算机网络带来的性能优势。协同式网格空间信息服务工作流技术可以按照应用需求组合空间信息网格环境中的各种空间功能服务和非空间信息服务,通过业务的流程化建模和分布式工作流引擎的任务调度可以有效地实现各个工作节点的协同工作,减少人工干预的同时,大大提高工作效率,保证数据安全性的同时具备了一定的容错性,并能整合遗留空间信息业务系统的空间功能。通过网格空间信息服务工作流管理组件,用户可以方便地使用多种空间信息资源,极大地改变了效率低下的空间业务运行模式,为网格环境下地域上分布的空间信息的集成共享提供了重要的技术保障。
本文结合国家863重点项目“网格地理信息系统软件及其重大应用”,主要围绕网格环境下空间信息服务分布式协同处理的应用模型与实现方法,重点研究了如何采用协同式空间信息服务工作流技术解决网格GIS环境中空间信息资源组织管理、空间信息网格服务建模、业务流程构造方式和计算资源动态协作等一系列关键性问题,这对改变现有空间信息网格的行业应用模式,进一步深入推动网格技术与空间信息处理领域的结合,有着重要的现实意义。通过研究面向网格环境的空间信息资源层次化的发布及管理机制,提供了网格空间信息工作流统一的资源组织与动态映射模型,在此模型下,各种异构多源的空间数据、空间功能被跨平台的GIS内核统一融合,以网格资源统一定位符URL的方式提供给上层的工作流框架,使得工作流建模不用考虑底层资源的复杂细节；研究面向网格空间信息服务工作流的服务资源的建模方法,从服务底层逻辑功能的实现角度出发,建立了可拆卸、可动态迁移、可快速聚合的网格服务资源模型,在此基础上提出了协同式空间信息服务工作流的形式化模型并给出了基于该模型的服务资源的无缝迁移算法；研究了适用于网格环境下的分布式空间信息服务工作流系统实现的关键技术,通过建立高效的流程服务资源的动态发现与集成机制,提高了工作流系统的调度效率；基于空间功能仓库原子组件的服务资源流程化建模技术,实现了网格服务资源在工作流执行过程中的无缝迁移功能;通过对工作流引擎服务调用接口的松耦合扩展,实现了与异构业务系统功能服务的交互；结合国家地质调查等行业空间信息网格的应用现状和业务特点,通过构建行业网格空间信息作流平台原型系统,实现了基于协同式空间信息工作流的行业应用的快速构建与部署,为跨行业、跨领域的分布式空间信息获取、管理、处理及集成共享提供了基于网格工作流技术的可行性方案。具体的研究工作如下：
(1)分析了网格计算技术、网格地理信息系统技术等分布式计算技术的研究现状及发展趋势,指出以网格技术、云计算技术为支撑的分布式空间信息处理技术必将是空间信息集成共享与应用领域发展的必然趋势；通过对网格工作流技术在空间信息处理领域研究现状的分析,指出了网格环境下空间信息工作流的理论研究和发展与实际应用需求之间还存在着很大的差距,建立协同式网格空间信息工作流模型可以很好的实现网格技术与空间信息领域模型的融合。提出协同式网格空间信息工作流的实现需要解决流程资源的组织与调度,空间功能服务的建模及协同交互等一系列关键性的问题。
(2)研究了网格环境下流程资源节点空间信息资源的聚合发布模型。设计了跨平台的GIS内核框架,采用空间数据仓库和空间功能仓库技术对网格节点上异构多源的空间数据资源和空间功能资源进行了集成融合和统一发布,将节点流程资源抽象成4类网格资源,建立了面向空间信息工作流系统的节点资源抽象模型。研究了节点资源网格化封装技术,设计了包含节点信息服务、节点资源管理服务、节点状态监控服务以及节点空间功能服务的节点资源中间件。以节点空间信息网格资源对象的关系模型为基础,重点对节点信息服务、资源管理服务、节点状态监控服务功能接口的实现算法进行了详细的描述。流程节点的资源模型体现了网格节点既独立自治,义面向应用协同的特征。
(3)研究了网格环境下空间信息工作流的全局资源模型。采用关系模型的方法对全局资源目录视图中的节点、空间数据、GIS服务、空间虚拟组织及全局用户对象进行了分类表达,重点论述了网格用户对全局资源访问的权限映射模型,用关系代数的方法对其进行了规则优化；在全局目录模型的基础上,设计了全局资源目录管理服务,实现了资源目录的动态更新机制。建立节点、空间虚拟组织、全局形式的三级分布式空间索引模型,实现了全局空间数据资源和虚拟组织范围内的空间数据资源的快速定位与发现。建立全局空间数据资源冗余模型,实现了工作流执行过程中空间数据资源的动态匹配,提高了工作流系统的容错性。建立了空间信息虚拟组织流程业务组织模型,实现了全局用户资源权限规则在虚拟组织中的完整映射和基于动态虚拟组织的流程资源协作。
(4)研究了基于服务功能模板的空间信息网格服务的构建方法,在此基础上,采用活动网络图的方法建立了协同式网格空间信息服务工作流的模型。对基于协同式空间信息工作流模型的资源调度与迁移算法进行了形式化的研究。提出了协同式网格空间信息服务工作流实现的总体框架,围绕该框架研究了流程服务资源的动态发现与集成、服务功能流程模板实现的关键技术；研究了分布式服务工作流引擎实现的关键技术,通过合理扩展,实现了网格工作流系统和异构业务系统之间的对接与集成。提出了由资源发现、功能迁移和服务模板迁移组成的网格服务迁移模型,并采用空间功能仓库和空间数据仓库技术实现了流程资源的自动迁移功能。
(5)研究了网格GIS协同式空间信息工作流与应用系统集成的关键技术。建立了基于协同式空间信息工作流技术的应用系统的总体框架,分析了工作流应用系统底层功能的支撑模块及业务组织模式。通过对现有空间信息网格的架构分析,在将网格GIS环境与基于Web GIS技术的空间应用服务系统进行无缝集成的基础上,建立了地质调查信息网格服务工作流原型系统,描述了系统主要功能模块的实现。以全国重要矿产资源潜力预测评价应用为研究对象,设计实现了基于体积法的协同式矿产资源储量分布式计算工作流应用模块,通过与已有业务系统运行结果的分析比较,验证了协同式工作流模型方案的有效性与合理性。
With the rapid development of information processing techniques and the continuous upgrading of computers, the way for spatial information acquisition, production, processing and storage had made great progress. This makes the amount of spatial information in every spatial information application domain increase exponentially. The classic centralized processing method by one single computer has been replaced by the distributed processing mode based on the spatial information infrastructure built on computer networks. This processing model improves the capability of parallel processing and distributed sharing of spatial information. The establishment of current spatial information infrastructure for industry provides high speed network connection for multiple spatial information service nodes. This makes it possible to transform the centralized business processing model into the distributed parallel processing model. Actually lots of online service systems were built on classic Web GIS platform in spatial information infrastructure environment:it doesn't effectively tackle the performance issues and reduce the complexity brought by the classic centralized processing model. The problems are mainly reflected in the following:multiple service nodes can't achieve cooperative computing automatically under the architecture of Web GIS platform. The reality is that every service node operates on their local information resource respectively, and then transfers their processing results to one aggregation node one by one. If the processing strategy changed, updating must be performed on every work node. This aggravates the difficulties of system maintenance and increase the cost. It is impossible to achieve the real distributed spatial information processing.
Geospatial Grid Service Workflow System is the emphases of research and development direction of the combination of grid workflow technologies and spatial information processing technologies. It transformed the processing capabilities of a single computer into the Grid processing capabilities by using Grid spatial information processing middleware to shield the complexity of the bottom multi-source heterogeneous spatial information computing resource, then to use Grid services to encapsulate them into the upper abstract uniform resources. After that, it can achieve the real distributed processing of spatial information by service combination and process orchestration. It can fulfill the performance advantages provided by the computer networks. Cooperative Grid spatial information workflow can freely combine GIS functional services and non-GIS-functional services that exist in Spatial Information Grid. By using the business process modeling techniques and the scheduling mechanisms of distributed workflow engine, Cooperation work among working node can be effectively implemented. The efficiency is greatly raised without manual intervention. It also has the advantages of security and fault tolerance of spatial data, and can be integrated with legacy business systems. Through the spatial information workflow management middleware, clients can use many kind of spatial information resource. It improves operating efficiency of spatial information service and provides the reliable technology guarantee for the integration and sharing of spatial information resource distributed among different nodes.
This paper, which is supported by the Major Project of National High-tech R&D Program (863Program)"Grid GIS and Its Major Applications", mainly discussed the application model and implementation techniques of spatial information service cooperative processing in Grid computing environment. It focuses on solving the critical problems on spatial information organization and management, Grid-enabled spatial information service modeling, business process construction and computing resource cooperation dynamically. It has practical significance for changing the application patterns of Spatial Information Grid and furthering the combination of Grid Computing and spatial information processing. Through studying on the hierarchical publication and management mechanism for spatial information resource in Spatial Information Grid, a uniform organization and dynamical mapping model is presented. In this model, all multi-source heterogeneous spatial information computing resource, including spatial data, GIS service, are seamless integrated into the resource framework through the cross-platform GIS kernel component and provided to the workflow system modeling layer as Grid Uniform Resource Locator (URL) form. Based on that, workflow framework does process orchestration without considering the complex detail about bottom resources. The service-oriented modeling method is also studied; a Grid service composition model is presented from the perspective of its bottom function-realization. This model has characteristics of easy-disassembly, dynamical-transfer-enabled, rapid assembly. Cooperative spatial information workflow formalization model is provided on the basis of service composition model and a service seamless migration algorithm is also proposed. A series of key implementation technologies of distributed spatial information workflow system were studied:through modifying the classic Grid monitoring and discovering system, a efficient process resource monitoring and discovering system was realized and it can raise workflow system efficiency. Grid service seamless migration function in the process of executing a workflow instance is implemented on the basis of a service composition function supported by the spatial function warehouse. A service integration and invocation tool, as a loosely extension of workflow engine service is realized to support the interaction between workflow system and other legacy service system. Analyzed the application status and business nature of Spatial Information Grid such as China Geology Survey Information Grid (CGSIG) and developed the CGSIG workflow prototype system. Based on that, some workflow application module is rapid implemented and deployed on CGSIG. All this provided a feasible scheme for distributed spatial information retrieval, management, processing, integration and sharing across different industries and departments using Grid spatial information workflow technologies. The details of our study are listed as follow:
(1) Analyzed the research status and development trend of distributed computing techniques such as Grid computing and Grid GIS, pointed out the distributed spatial information processing techniques supported by the Grid computing and Cloud computing will be the inevitable development trend of spatial information integration and sharing application. Based on the research status of Grid workflow techniques in spatial information processing field, pointed out that there is a considerable gap between Grid workflow and the current application requirements, and the implementation of cooperative spatial information workflow may better achieve fusion of Grid computing techniques and spatial information field. A series of critical technical problems including process resource organization and scheduling, GIS functional service composition and interoperability must be resolved for the spatial information workflow system.
(2) Analyzed the aggregation publish model of spatial information resource on one process node in Grid. Designed the cross-platform GIS kernel framework and realized the integration and uniform publish of multi-source heterogeneous spatial data resource and spatial function resource using spatial data warehouse and spatial function warehouse techniques. Node resource abstract model for spatial information work flow was presented by abstracting the process node resource into four logical resources. Grid service based encapsulation techniques for node logical resources is also discussed. Node resource middleware including node information service, Node resource management service, node status monitoring service and node GIS service was designed and implemented. Based on the relational model of node resource objects, the algorithms of the web interface of node information service, resource management service and node status monitoring are addressed. The node resource model embodies the feature of independent and autonomous, and application-oriented collaborative.
(3) Analyzed the global resource model of Grid spatial information workflow. Classified node object, spatial data, GIS service, and spatial virtual organization and Grid users in the global resource directory view by relational model and illustrated the uniform representation for these objects. The user access privileges mapping model for workflow resources was focused on, and some optimization have been done for this model using relational algebra. Based on the global resource directory model, the global resource directory management service was designed to support the dynamical updating mechanism. A three level distributed spatial index model which consist of node, spatial virtual organization and global object is presented to realize rapid resource locating and discovering in global resource or in specific virtual organization. The global redundancy replica model for spatial data is established to support the spatial data replica dynamical match during the process execution, and it improves fault-tolerance for workflow system. Spatial information virtual organization model is discussed and user access privileges in spatial information virtual organization and global range are unified.
(4) Analyzed service composition model on the basis of service function template. Based on that, activity network graph is adopted to establish the cooperative spatial information workflow. Formalization of the resource scheduling and migration algorithm was presented. The overall implementation framework of cooperative spatial information workflow is presented. Centering on this framework, the process resource dynamical locating&integration and the implementation of function template based service composition are discussed. the key technologies of distributed service workflow engine was analyzed. The assembly and integration function between workflow system and heterogeneous legacy system is implemented. A three-step Grid service migration model which consists of resource locating, function migration and service template migration was presented and the automatic migration function was realized by using spatial function warehouse and spatial data warehouse techniques.
(5) Analyzed key technologies of the cooperative spatial information workflow and application system integration. Establish the overall framework of the collaborative spatial information workflow technology-based application system. The underlying functionality support modules of workflow applications and business organizational model are discussed. By analyzing existing Spatial Information Grid architectures, the Geological Survey Information Grid workflow prototype system was built on the basis of seamless integration of Grid GIS environment and Web GIS-based spatial information service system and the main function modules of the system were illustrated. Choose national important mineral resource potential prediction and evaluation application as research object, design and implement the distributed mineral resources reserves volume-estimating-method-based computing application modules using cooperative workflow techniques. Through the analysis of the results with existing online Web GIS based business systems. The rationality and validity of collaborative spatial information workflow were validated.
网格空间信息服务工作流系统(Grid Geospatial Service Workflow System)是当前网格工作流技术与空间信息处理技术相结合的发展方向和研究重点,它将地理信息系统软件在单机系统上的处理能力提升到网格分布式环境中来,通过网格空间信息处理中间件屏蔽掉底层多源异构空间信息计算资源的复杂性,以网格服务的形式统一封装成上层的抽象资源,通过对空间信息网格服务资源的流程组合与任务编排,实现真正的空间信息分布式协同处理,充分利用了计算机网络带来的性能优势。协同式网格空间信息服务工作流技术可以按照应用需求组合空间信息网格环境中的各种空间功能服务和非空间信息服务,通过业务的流程化建模和分布式工作流引擎的任务调度可以有效地实现各个工作节点的协同工作,减少人工干预的同时,大大提高工作效率,保证数据安全性的同时具备了一定的容错性,并能整合遗留空间信息业务系统的空间功能。通过网格空间信息服务工作流管理组件,用户可以方便地使用多种空间信息资源,极大地改变了效率低下的空间业务运行模式,为网格环境下地域上分布的空间信息的集成共享提供了重要的技术保障。
本文结合国家863重点项目“网格地理信息系统软件及其重大应用”,主要围绕网格环境下空间信息服务分布式协同处理的应用模型与实现方法,重点研究了如何采用协同式空间信息服务工作流技术解决网格GIS环境中空间信息资源组织管理、空间信息网格服务建模、业务流程构造方式和计算资源动态协作等一系列关键性问题,这对改变现有空间信息网格的行业应用模式,进一步深入推动网格技术与空间信息处理领域的结合,有着重要的现实意义。通过研究面向网格环境的空间信息资源层次化的发布及管理机制,提供了网格空间信息工作流统一的资源组织与动态映射模型,在此模型下,各种异构多源的空间数据、空间功能被跨平台的GIS内核统一融合,以网格资源统一定位符URL的方式提供给上层的工作流框架,使得工作流建模不用考虑底层资源的复杂细节；研究面向网格空间信息服务工作流的服务资源的建模方法,从服务底层逻辑功能的实现角度出发,建立了可拆卸、可动态迁移、可快速聚合的网格服务资源模型,在此基础上提出了协同式空间信息服务工作流的形式化模型并给出了基于该模型的服务资源的无缝迁移算法；研究了适用于网格环境下的分布式空间信息服务工作流系统实现的关键技术,通过建立高效的流程服务资源的动态发现与集成机制,提高了工作流系统的调度效率；基于空间功能仓库原子组件的服务资源流程化建模技术,实现了网格服务资源在工作流执行过程中的无缝迁移功能;通过对工作流引擎服务调用接口的松耦合扩展,实现了与异构业务系统功能服务的交互；结合国家地质调查等行业空间信息网格的应用现状和业务特点,通过构建行业网格空间信息作流平台原型系统,实现了基于协同式空间信息工作流的行业应用的快速构建与部署,为跨行业、跨领域的分布式空间信息获取、管理、处理及集成共享提供了基于网格工作流技术的可行性方案。具体的研究工作如下：
(1)分析了网格计算技术、网格地理信息系统技术等分布式计算技术的研究现状及发展趋势,指出以网格技术、云计算技术为支撑的分布式空间信息处理技术必将是空间信息集成共享与应用领域发展的必然趋势；通过对网格工作流技术在空间信息处理领域研究现状的分析,指出了网格环境下空间信息工作流的理论研究和发展与实际应用需求之间还存在着很大的差距,建立协同式网格空间信息工作流模型可以很好的实现网格技术与空间信息领域模型的融合。提出协同式网格空间信息工作流的实现需要解决流程资源的组织与调度,空间功能服务的建模及协同交互等一系列关键性的问题。
(2)研究了网格环境下流程资源节点空间信息资源的聚合发布模型。设计了跨平台的GIS内核框架,采用空间数据仓库和空间功能仓库技术对网格节点上异构多源的空间数据资源和空间功能资源进行了集成融合和统一发布,将节点流程资源抽象成4类网格资源,建立了面向空间信息工作流系统的节点资源抽象模型。研究了节点资源网格化封装技术,设计了包含节点信息服务、节点资源管理服务、节点状态监控服务以及节点空间功能服务的节点资源中间件。以节点空间信息网格资源对象的关系模型为基础,重点对节点信息服务、资源管理服务、节点状态监控服务功能接口的实现算法进行了详细的描述。流程节点的资源模型体现了网格节点既独立自治,义面向应用协同的特征。
(3)研究了网格环境下空间信息工作流的全局资源模型。采用关系模型的方法对全局资源目录视图中的节点、空间数据、GIS服务、空间虚拟组织及全局用户对象进行了分类表达,重点论述了网格用户对全局资源访问的权限映射模型,用关系代数的方法对其进行了规则优化；在全局目录模型的基础上,设计了全局资源目录管理服务,实现了资源目录的动态更新机制。建立节点、空间虚拟组织、全局形式的三级分布式空间索引模型,实现了全局空间数据资源和虚拟组织范围内的空间数据资源的快速定位与发现。建立全局空间数据资源冗余模型,实现了工作流执行过程中空间数据资源的动态匹配,提高了工作流系统的容错性。建立了空间信息虚拟组织流程业务组织模型,实现了全局用户资源权限规则在虚拟组织中的完整映射和基于动态虚拟组织的流程资源协作。
(4)研究了基于服务功能模板的空间信息网格服务的构建方法,在此基础上,采用活动网络图的方法建立了协同式网格空间信息服务工作流的模型。对基于协同式空间信息工作流模型的资源调度与迁移算法进行了形式化的研究。提出了协同式网格空间信息服务工作流实现的总体框架,围绕该框架研究了流程服务资源的动态发现与集成、服务功能流程模板实现的关键技术；研究了分布式服务工作流引擎实现的关键技术,通过合理扩展,实现了网格工作流系统和异构业务系统之间的对接与集成。提出了由资源发现、功能迁移和服务模板迁移组成的网格服务迁移模型,并采用空间功能仓库和空间数据仓库技术实现了流程资源的自动迁移功能。
(5)研究了网格GIS协同式空间信息工作流与应用系统集成的关键技术。建立了基于协同式空间信息工作流技术的应用系统的总体框架,分析了工作流应用系统底层功能的支撑模块及业务组织模式。通过对现有空间信息网格的架构分析,在将网格GIS环境与基于Web GIS技术的空间应用服务系统进行无缝集成的基础上,建立了地质调查信息网格服务工作流原型系统,描述了系统主要功能模块的实现。以全国重要矿产资源潜力预测评价应用为研究对象,设计实现了基于体积法的协同式矿产资源储量分布式计算工作流应用模块,通过与已有业务系统运行结果的分析比较,验证了协同式工作流模型方案的有效性与合理性。
With the rapid development of information processing techniques and the continuous upgrading of computers, the way for spatial information acquisition, production, processing and storage had made great progress. This makes the amount of spatial information in every spatial information application domain increase exponentially. The classic centralized processing method by one single computer has been replaced by the distributed processing mode based on the spatial information infrastructure built on computer networks. This processing model improves the capability of parallel processing and distributed sharing of spatial information. The establishment of current spatial information infrastructure for industry provides high speed network connection for multiple spatial information service nodes. This makes it possible to transform the centralized business processing model into the distributed parallel processing model. Actually lots of online service systems were built on classic Web GIS platform in spatial information infrastructure environment:it doesn't effectively tackle the performance issues and reduce the complexity brought by the classic centralized processing model. The problems are mainly reflected in the following:multiple service nodes can't achieve cooperative computing automatically under the architecture of Web GIS platform. The reality is that every service node operates on their local information resource respectively, and then transfers their processing results to one aggregation node one by one. If the processing strategy changed, updating must be performed on every work node. This aggravates the difficulties of system maintenance and increase the cost. It is impossible to achieve the real distributed spatial information processing.
Geospatial Grid Service Workflow System is the emphases of research and development direction of the combination of grid workflow technologies and spatial information processing technologies. It transformed the processing capabilities of a single computer into the Grid processing capabilities by using Grid spatial information processing middleware to shield the complexity of the bottom multi-source heterogeneous spatial information computing resource, then to use Grid services to encapsulate them into the upper abstract uniform resources. After that, it can achieve the real distributed processing of spatial information by service combination and process orchestration. It can fulfill the performance advantages provided by the computer networks. Cooperative Grid spatial information workflow can freely combine GIS functional services and non-GIS-functional services that exist in Spatial Information Grid. By using the business process modeling techniques and the scheduling mechanisms of distributed workflow engine, Cooperation work among working node can be effectively implemented. The efficiency is greatly raised without manual intervention. It also has the advantages of security and fault tolerance of spatial data, and can be integrated with legacy business systems. Through the spatial information workflow management middleware, clients can use many kind of spatial information resource. It improves operating efficiency of spatial information service and provides the reliable technology guarantee for the integration and sharing of spatial information resource distributed among different nodes.
This paper, which is supported by the Major Project of National High-tech R&D Program (863Program)"Grid GIS and Its Major Applications", mainly discussed the application model and implementation techniques of spatial information service cooperative processing in Grid computing environment. It focuses on solving the critical problems on spatial information organization and management, Grid-enabled spatial information service modeling, business process construction and computing resource cooperation dynamically. It has practical significance for changing the application patterns of Spatial Information Grid and furthering the combination of Grid Computing and spatial information processing. Through studying on the hierarchical publication and management mechanism for spatial information resource in Spatial Information Grid, a uniform organization and dynamical mapping model is presented. In this model, all multi-source heterogeneous spatial information computing resource, including spatial data, GIS service, are seamless integrated into the resource framework through the cross-platform GIS kernel component and provided to the workflow system modeling layer as Grid Uniform Resource Locator (URL) form. Based on that, workflow framework does process orchestration without considering the complex detail about bottom resources. The service-oriented modeling method is also studied; a Grid service composition model is presented from the perspective of its bottom function-realization. This model has characteristics of easy-disassembly, dynamical-transfer-enabled, rapid assembly. Cooperative spatial information workflow formalization model is provided on the basis of service composition model and a service seamless migration algorithm is also proposed. A series of key implementation technologies of distributed spatial information workflow system were studied:through modifying the classic Grid monitoring and discovering system, a efficient process resource monitoring and discovering system was realized and it can raise workflow system efficiency. Grid service seamless migration function in the process of executing a workflow instance is implemented on the basis of a service composition function supported by the spatial function warehouse. A service integration and invocation tool, as a loosely extension of workflow engine service is realized to support the interaction between workflow system and other legacy service system. Analyzed the application status and business nature of Spatial Information Grid such as China Geology Survey Information Grid (CGSIG) and developed the CGSIG workflow prototype system. Based on that, some workflow application module is rapid implemented and deployed on CGSIG. All this provided a feasible scheme for distributed spatial information retrieval, management, processing, integration and sharing across different industries and departments using Grid spatial information workflow technologies. The details of our study are listed as follow:
(1) Analyzed the research status and development trend of distributed computing techniques such as Grid computing and Grid GIS, pointed out the distributed spatial information processing techniques supported by the Grid computing and Cloud computing will be the inevitable development trend of spatial information integration and sharing application. Based on the research status of Grid workflow techniques in spatial information processing field, pointed out that there is a considerable gap between Grid workflow and the current application requirements, and the implementation of cooperative spatial information workflow may better achieve fusion of Grid computing techniques and spatial information field. A series of critical technical problems including process resource organization and scheduling, GIS functional service composition and interoperability must be resolved for the spatial information workflow system.
(2) Analyzed the aggregation publish model of spatial information resource on one process node in Grid. Designed the cross-platform GIS kernel framework and realized the integration and uniform publish of multi-source heterogeneous spatial data resource and spatial function resource using spatial data warehouse and spatial function warehouse techniques. Node resource abstract model for spatial information work flow was presented by abstracting the process node resource into four logical resources. Grid service based encapsulation techniques for node logical resources is also discussed. Node resource middleware including node information service, Node resource management service, node status monitoring service and node GIS service was designed and implemented. Based on the relational model of node resource objects, the algorithms of the web interface of node information service, resource management service and node status monitoring are addressed. The node resource model embodies the feature of independent and autonomous, and application-oriented collaborative.
(3) Analyzed the global resource model of Grid spatial information workflow. Classified node object, spatial data, GIS service, and spatial virtual organization and Grid users in the global resource directory view by relational model and illustrated the uniform representation for these objects. The user access privileges mapping model for workflow resources was focused on, and some optimization have been done for this model using relational algebra. Based on the global resource directory model, the global resource directory management service was designed to support the dynamical updating mechanism. A three level distributed spatial index model which consist of node, spatial virtual organization and global object is presented to realize rapid resource locating and discovering in global resource or in specific virtual organization. The global redundancy replica model for spatial data is established to support the spatial data replica dynamical match during the process execution, and it improves fault-tolerance for workflow system. Spatial information virtual organization model is discussed and user access privileges in spatial information virtual organization and global range are unified.
(4) Analyzed service composition model on the basis of service function template. Based on that, activity network graph is adopted to establish the cooperative spatial information workflow. Formalization of the resource scheduling and migration algorithm was presented. The overall implementation framework of cooperative spatial information workflow is presented. Centering on this framework, the process resource dynamical locating&integration and the implementation of function template based service composition are discussed. the key technologies of distributed service workflow engine was analyzed. The assembly and integration function between workflow system and heterogeneous legacy system is implemented. A three-step Grid service migration model which consists of resource locating, function migration and service template migration was presented and the automatic migration function was realized by using spatial function warehouse and spatial data warehouse techniques.
(5) Analyzed key technologies of the cooperative spatial information workflow and application system integration. Establish the overall framework of the collaborative spatial information workflow technology-based application system. The underlying functionality support modules of workflow applications and business organizational model are discussed. By analyzing existing Spatial Information Grid architectures, the Geological Survey Information Grid workflow prototype system was built on the basis of seamless integration of Grid GIS environment and Web GIS-based spatial information service system and the main function modules of the system were illustrated. Choose national important mineral resource potential prediction and evaluation application as research object, design and implement the distributed mineral resources reserves volume-estimating-method-based computing application modules using cooperative workflow techniques. Through the analysis of the results with existing online Web GIS based business systems. The rationality and validity of collaborative spatial information workflow were validated.
引文
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