风险调整的剩余收益模型的理论与实证研究
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摘要
众所周知,对上市公司价值的估计和预测历来都是证券市场各利益相关方所关注的重要问题。本文在对近年来权益估值模型进行梳理综述的基础上,重点探讨分析奥尔森系列剩余收益模型的优缺点、适用条件及评估系数的测算方法。基于已有剩余收益模型的不足之处,进行模型的改进与构建,并对所构建的模型进行实证检验,进而运用个股分析。其结果证明了改进后的模型在中国资本市场的合理性和有效性。
     随着中国证券市场的兴起,在这一方面对研究者提出了新的研究课题,即国外的Feltham-Ohlson模型等经典理论能否应用于中国这样的新兴市场、如何应用。本文首先对Feltham-Ohlson模型的国内外研究进行了回顾,并在详细阐述Feltham-Ohlson模型的基础上,在实证分析部分,采用1999年-2009年期间的全部有效观察值数据作为研究样本,对Feltham-Ohlson模型三种不同形式的线性信息动态方程和估值回归方程进行了实证研究,力图完善和规范Feltham-Ohlson模型在中国的实证应用基础。本文的研究结果支持Feltham-Ohlson模型在中国A股市场上的适用性,并且发现三种不同形式的线性信息动态方程及估值方程的适用程度不同,Feltham-Ohlson模型(1995)的适用性要强于Ohlson模型(1995)和Feltham-Ohlson模型(1996)。关于奥尔森模型的实证结果,一方面说明了我国资本市场的效率有待提高,另一方面在一定程度上说明了剩余收益模型对我国股票内在价值的有用性。
     不过奥尔森系列剩余收益模型的总体效果并非很理想。本文基于一般的三阶段剩余收益模型理论提出了一个新的模型,即线性风险因子调整的三阶段剩余收益模型(RIM-σ~2模型)。
     RIM-σ~2模型通过将企业价值的评估分成三个不同的阶段加以计算。其解决了以下两方面问题,一方面是解决关于无穷项求和项在实际中无法计算的问题。另一方面是引入了线性的风险因子。本文所构建新的RIM-σ~2模型,用另一种方式来刻画风险因子对价值评估的影响。所引入的风险因子将作为一个模型的线性变量。同时还引入了其他一些新的会计信息变量,从而使模型能够更充分地利用现有的会计等相关信息进行价值评估。
     最后,本文利用资本市场的有关历史数据与分析师的预测数据,从模型的适用性和预测能力两方面进行实证检验与分析。并对RIM-σ~2模型与TSSV-θ模型进行实证比较分析。实证结果证实了RIM-σ~2模型适用性与优越性。总体上体现了RIM-σ~2模型相对以往的剩余收益模型有较大的改进。同时通过从总体和个股两方面的实证研究分析均表明RIM-σ~2模型具有较好的运用价值。
As well known, valuation of listed companies has always been concerned by allstakeholders of stock market, and how to use accounting information to estimate the value oflisted companies is also an important topic of accounting academics. On the basis of conclusionof equity valuation models in the recent years, we put emphasis on Residual Income ValuationModel (RIM, or EBO). We discuss and analyze the advantage and disadvantage, applicationcondition, and calculation method of assessment coefficient for main equity valuation modelsin China. We make some improvement and propose a new EBO model based on theshortcoming of the model. Then, we make empirical study and also analyze the application ofindividual stock using the new EBO model. The results show the applicability and superiorityin Chinese capital market.
     New research topic comes up in regard of the rise of China’s stock market. That is whetherforeign classical theory, such as Feltham-Ohlson model, could be applied to emerging stockmarket like China and if so, how to apply. In this paper, Feltham-Ohlson model studies at homeand abroad are reviewed. Based on the analysis of Feltham-Ohlson model, an empiricalresearch about the three different forms of linear information dynamic and valuation function iscarried out, using a research sample of required observations from1999to2009. The purpose isto improve and standardize the basis of the empirical application of Feltham-Ohlson model.The result of this study supports the applicability of Feltham-Ohlson model in Chinese stockmarket, and the degrees of applicability of the three forms of linear information dynamic andvaluation function are different. Feltham-Ohlson (1995) is more power explanatory thanOhlson (1995) and Feltham-Ohlson (1996). On one hand, the results of empirical study showthe capital market of our nation needs to get improved. On the other hand, the conclusionsimply EBO Model is useful for the intrinsic valuation of the stock market to a certain degree.
     However, the overall empirical effect of the Ohlson family residual income model is not very satisfactory. This article proposes a new model (RIM-σ~2model) based on a three-stageresidual income model, the linear risk factors is included to adjust the three-stage residualincome model (model).
     RIM-σ~2Model calculates the enterprise value of by three distinct phases. On the onehand, the problem of actual calculation of infinite item summation has been solved. On theother hand, we introduce into the linear risk factor to EBO model. The risk factors will beintroduced as a simple variable of linear model. The model also introduces some other newaccounting information variable, which more fully utilize existing valuation.
     Then, empirical analysis forRIM-σ~2model is done based on the applicability andpredictive capability with comparison to TSSV θmodel. The empirical results confirm theapplicability and superiority ofRIM-σ~2model. General reflects the greater improvement oftheRIM-σ~2model relative to other residual income model in the past. At the same time, theempirical study of general and individual stock also reflects the strong ability of evaluation.
引文
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