多芯光子晶体光纤激光器及光子晶体光纤表面等离子体共振传感研究
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摘要
光子晶体光纤以其灵活的结构设计和优异的光学性能受到广泛关注，成为光纤光学领域中研究的热点，尤其在光纤激光和光纤传感领域中尤为突出。本文从理论和实验出发研究了多芯光子晶体光纤和柚子型光子晶体光纤在以上两个领域中的应用：利用有限元法数值模拟了多芯光子晶体光纤激光器的模场和温度分布特性；开展了18芯光子晶体光纤激光器的近场同相位超模选择及纵向温度分布的实验研究；数值模拟并实验分析了基于柚子型光子晶体光纤的表面等离子共振传感特性。
本文的主要工作和创新点归纳如下：
1.理论分析了多芯光子晶体光纤激光器的模式耦合原理及超模分布特性，利用有限元法分别对具有16芯矩形阵列结构及18芯和19芯环形阵列结构的光子晶体光纤激光器的超模分布特性进行了数值模拟分析。
2.分析研究了光纤激光器的泵浦耦合系统，采用Basic语言对耦合过程进行了可视化编程设计，分析了不同透镜组合的耦合特性；通过选用两块凸面相对的非球面透镜组成了泵浦耦合系统，实现了对泵浦光1:1的高效空间耦合；利用显微物镜和CMOS图像传感器结合图像处理技术自主设计了一套光纤激光器近场观测装置，实现了对光子晶体光纤端面的显微成像，并实时观测了18芯PCF激光器的近场模式分布特性；采用折叠腔和小孔选模技术实现了18芯PCF激光器同相位超模的选模输出，当泵浦功率为33.75W时获得了14.85W的1037nm单一波长的激光输出。
3.理论分析了PCF激光器的热传导机理，利用有限元法数值模拟了高功率泵浦下单芯、18芯和19芯PCF激光器的端面热分布特性；采用光纤光栅阵列温度测量方法实验测量了18芯PCF激光器在自然散热条件下的纵向温度分布特性，结合数值模拟方法分析研究了其三维温度分布特性。
4.数值模拟了采用五瓣和六瓣结构的柚子型光子晶体光纤的表面等离子共振传感特性；模拟研究了镀银薄膜、填充银纳米线及混合填充三种金属介质填充方式对PCF-SPR传感特性的影响；开展了基于六瓣柚子型PCF的镀银薄膜实验并研究了其表面等离子共振特性。
The Photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has attracted more attentions for its flexiblestructure design and excellent optical performance, and it has become a new focus inthe fiber optical research domain, particularly prominent in the research areas of fiberlaser and fiber sensor. In this dissertation, multi-core PCF laser and grapefruit-typePCF sensor based on surface plasmon resonance technology are theoretically andexperimentally investigated. The characteristics of mode field distribution andtemperature distribution in multi-core PCF laser are numerically simulated by finiteelement method; The in-phase supermodel selection and vertical temperaturedistribution of the18core PCF lasers are studied experimentally. The surface plasmonresonance sensing properties based on grapefruit-type PCF are numerically simulatedand the PCF-SPR sensor experiment based on silver film plating has been carried out.
The main work and innovations are summarized as follows:
1. The mode coupling principle and supermodel distribution characteristics ofmulti-core PCF laser are theoretically analyzed; The supermodel distributioncharacteristics of multi-core PCF laser based on the structure of16cores rectangulararray，18cores circular array and19cores circular array are numerically simulatedrespectively with the finite element method.
2. The coupling system for the PCF laser is analyzed and the coupling process isdesigned based on visual Basic program; The efficient1:1space coupling is achievedby the coupling system which is consisted of two aspheric lens; The near-fieldobservation device which is used to immediately observe the near-field pattern of the18-core PCF laser is designed by using a microscope objective lens and CMOS imagesensor; The in-phase supermodel of18core PCF laser is selected experimentallythrough small holes election technology, The14.85W laser with single wavelength of1037nm is achieved when the pumping power is33.75W.
3. The thermal properties in multi-core PCF laser with the structure of singlecore,18-cores and19-cores are analyzed with full-vector fnite-element method. Thetemperature sensing technique based on fiber Bragg grating sensor array is proposedto measure the longitudinal temperature distribution, and the three-Dimensionalthermal properties of18-cores PCF lasers operated under natural convection are investigated.
4. The surface plasmon resonance sensing properties of PCF based on differentgrapefruit-type structures are numerically simulated; The influence of the metaldielectric-filled method with silver film, silver nanowires and mixed mode are studied;The silver-film coating experiments in the inner wall of grapefruit-type PCF is carriedout and the PCF-SPR characteristics are investigated.
本文的主要工作和创新点归纳如下：
1.理论分析了多芯光子晶体光纤激光器的模式耦合原理及超模分布特性，利用有限元法分别对具有16芯矩形阵列结构及18芯和19芯环形阵列结构的光子晶体光纤激光器的超模分布特性进行了数值模拟分析。
2.分析研究了光纤激光器的泵浦耦合系统，采用Basic语言对耦合过程进行了可视化编程设计，分析了不同透镜组合的耦合特性；通过选用两块凸面相对的非球面透镜组成了泵浦耦合系统，实现了对泵浦光1:1的高效空间耦合；利用显微物镜和CMOS图像传感器结合图像处理技术自主设计了一套光纤激光器近场观测装置，实现了对光子晶体光纤端面的显微成像，并实时观测了18芯PCF激光器的近场模式分布特性；采用折叠腔和小孔选模技术实现了18芯PCF激光器同相位超模的选模输出，当泵浦功率为33.75W时获得了14.85W的1037nm单一波长的激光输出。
3.理论分析了PCF激光器的热传导机理，利用有限元法数值模拟了高功率泵浦下单芯、18芯和19芯PCF激光器的端面热分布特性；采用光纤光栅阵列温度测量方法实验测量了18芯PCF激光器在自然散热条件下的纵向温度分布特性，结合数值模拟方法分析研究了其三维温度分布特性。
4.数值模拟了采用五瓣和六瓣结构的柚子型光子晶体光纤的表面等离子共振传感特性；模拟研究了镀银薄膜、填充银纳米线及混合填充三种金属介质填充方式对PCF-SPR传感特性的影响；开展了基于六瓣柚子型PCF的镀银薄膜实验并研究了其表面等离子共振特性。
The Photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has attracted more attentions for its flexiblestructure design and excellent optical performance, and it has become a new focus inthe fiber optical research domain, particularly prominent in the research areas of fiberlaser and fiber sensor. In this dissertation, multi-core PCF laser and grapefruit-typePCF sensor based on surface plasmon resonance technology are theoretically andexperimentally investigated. The characteristics of mode field distribution andtemperature distribution in multi-core PCF laser are numerically simulated by finiteelement method; The in-phase supermodel selection and vertical temperaturedistribution of the18core PCF lasers are studied experimentally. The surface plasmonresonance sensing properties based on grapefruit-type PCF are numerically simulatedand the PCF-SPR sensor experiment based on silver film plating has been carried out.
The main work and innovations are summarized as follows:
1. The mode coupling principle and supermodel distribution characteristics ofmulti-core PCF laser are theoretically analyzed; The supermodel distributioncharacteristics of multi-core PCF laser based on the structure of16cores rectangulararray，18cores circular array and19cores circular array are numerically simulatedrespectively with the finite element method.
2. The coupling system for the PCF laser is analyzed and the coupling process isdesigned based on visual Basic program; The efficient1:1space coupling is achievedby the coupling system which is consisted of two aspheric lens; The near-fieldobservation device which is used to immediately observe the near-field pattern of the18-core PCF laser is designed by using a microscope objective lens and CMOS imagesensor; The in-phase supermodel of18core PCF laser is selected experimentallythrough small holes election technology, The14.85W laser with single wavelength of1037nm is achieved when the pumping power is33.75W.
3. The thermal properties in multi-core PCF laser with the structure of singlecore,18-cores and19-cores are analyzed with full-vector fnite-element method. Thetemperature sensing technique based on fiber Bragg grating sensor array is proposedto measure the longitudinal temperature distribution, and the three-Dimensionalthermal properties of18-cores PCF lasers operated under natural convection are investigated.
4. The surface plasmon resonance sensing properties of PCF based on differentgrapefruit-type structures are numerically simulated; The influence of the metaldielectric-filled method with silver film, silver nanowires and mixed mode are studied;The silver-film coating experiments in the inner wall of grapefruit-type PCF is carriedout and the PCF-SPR characteristics are investigated.
引文
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