不同水作用形式下残坡积土工程特性及其边坡可靠性分析
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摘要
中西部崇山峻岭密布、地形地质条件复杂,分布有大面积的残积和坡积物覆盖层,修建高等级公路必将形成大量高陡残坡积土边坡,而水是影响此类边坡稳定的重要因素,因此,通过试验研究在水的不同作用形式下残坡积土的工程特性,并结合试验结果对此类边坡的稳定性进行分析研究,以及对此类边坡常用的支挡结构—锚拉抗滑桩的体系可靠度进行研究有着重要的理论与工程实际意义。本文结合国家自然科学基金(50878082)、交通部西部项目(200631880237)和湖南省自然科学基金重点项目(09JJ3104),在残坡积土的工程特性试验研究的基础上,对残坡积土边坡稳定性进行理论分析,并以体系可靠度理论为基础对锚拉抗滑桩设计体系进行了全局优化,主要研究工作和成果如下：
(1)分别对残坡积土在不同含水量、不同干湿循环和不同浸泡水时间条件下的工程特性进行了室内试验研究,得到了残坡积士的强度参数随含水量、干湿循环次数、浸泡时间的变化规律,分别建立了残坡积土强度参数随土样含水量、干湿循环次数和浸泡水时间变化的关系式,提出了基于残坡积土随含水量变化的改进BP神经网络预测模型。
(2)针对残坡积土边坡稳定性的影响因子之间复杂的非线性关系,利用自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)动态非线性分析能力,提出了基于ANFIS的残坡积土边坡稳定性评价方法,并与最常用的BP神经网络模型进行对比发现该模型准确性优于BP神经网络模型。最后通过工程实例检验所建立的ANFIS模型对浅变质岩残坡积土坡稳定性安全进行预报的能力,结果发现本章建立的ANFIS模型对浅变质岩残坡积土坡稳定性有较好的预报功能。
(3)基于从严格的二维Morgenstern-Price法拓展得来的三维Morgenstern-Price法,分别提出了基于响应面法、支持向量机法三维边坡可靠性分析方法,并首次提出用ANFIS法来研究三维边坡可靠性问题。结合残坡积土在水作用下的工程性质试验数据,分析了三维边坡在水的不同作用形式下的可靠度变化状况。
(4)通过试验研究残坡积土的长期强度特性,研究了在不同含水量、不同时间下残坡积土的抗剪强度参数的变化规律,建立了残坡积土的强度指标与时间之间的关系；基于实验数据,利用改进的Bishop法对残坡积土坡的安全系数进行计算,并利用自适应模糊推理系统对残坡积土边坡的可靠性进行了分析。
(5)针对滑坡三维特征,提出了基于滑块面积加权平均的滑坡滑动面抗剪强度指标准三维反分析方法。该法基于国内常用的剩余推力法,以每个二维剖面的面积以及相应剖面最后条块的剩余推力为参数,可以从滑体整体角度来反分析滑动面抗剪强度指标c、φ值。
(6)把锚拉抗滑桩考虑成为串联体系,考虑锚杆的拉断破坏、拔出破坏、抗滑桩桩身锚固段剪切破坏和受荷段的剪切破坏共四种失效模式,将岩土体的粘聚力c、内摩擦角φ和混凝土轴心抗压强度作为随机变量,提出了锚拉抗滑桩体系可靠度的计算方法,并利用Matlab编制了锚拉抗滑桩体系优化设计计算程序,并以浅变质岩残坡积土坡-贵阳水东路K6+525-K6+610段边坡为依托,对其锚拉抗滑桩治理方案进行优化。
In Midwest of China, there is a large area of residual and diluvia soil covering the mountainous region with complicated geography and geological condition. When constructing high level roads, a number of high and abrupt slopes will come up. The stability of these slopes is primarily threatened by the factor of water. Considering its theoretical and practical significance, this work devotes into the test investigation for the engineering properties of residual and diluvia soil under various acting forms of water, and the slope stability analysis based on the test results, along with the system reliability based optimization design for retaining structure-anchored anti-sliding shaft system usually used in these slopes. The paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.50878082), Construction Technology Project in Western China of Transportation Ministry (200631880237) and Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (09JJ3104). The main work and achievements are as follows:
(1) The variation of the shearing strength of residual and diluvia soil against different water contents was obtained and the corresponding constitute model was established through the strength tests results. Similarly, the relationships of the strength index of this soil with the cycle times of dry-wet cycle, the duration of soaking, and the water content were observed via laboratory tests. An upgraded BP neural network prediction model for strength and water content of residual and diluvia soil was constructed.
(2) An assessment method for slope stability applying Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) was developed by taking advantage of its dynamic nonlinear analysis capacity to handle the complicated nonlinear relationship of the influence factors for residual and diluvia soil slope stability. The results were used to compare with that by BP neural network and indicated superiority in the prediction accuracy. The prediction capacity for slope stability of the ANFIS model constructed herein was verified by engineering practice case.
(3) Morgenstern-Price approach in three dimensions (3D M-P) was developed from the most accurate two dimensional one. Base on3D M-P, Response Surface method and Support Vector Machine method were used to analyze the reliability variation of three dimensional slopes in various application ways of water, associated with the test data of engineering properties for residual and diluvia soil on the action of water. ANFIS was first applied to conduct reliability assessment for3D slope in this paper.
(4) For residual and diluvia soil, test investigation of long term strength behavior was performed. The variation of shearing strength index against different values of water content over time was found. The relation of shearing strength index over time was formulated. Factor of safety of slope was computed by using improved Bishop Method based on test results, together with reliability analyses by using ANFIS.
(5) Considering three dimensional characteristic of slide, a qusi-3D back analysis technique was proposed to calculate shearing strength index of slipping surface with weight-average value of slide bottom area. This technique was derived from usually used residual thrust approach, with two parameters, as the area of each2D cutaway section and the residual thrust of the last slice for this section. This technique is able to back analyze the shearing strength index c and φ at the perspective of the whole slide.
(6) A calculation method for system reliability of anchored anti-sliding shaft was included in this work. The anchored anti-sliding shaft was simulated as a series connection, with such four failure modes as tension failure and pulling out of anchor, the shearing failures of both the anchored segment and loaded segment for the anti-sliding shaft. Parameters like the cohesion c, internal friction angle φ and axial compression strength of concrete were extracted to form the random design vector. Then allowing for the reliability as one constraint, an optimization design procedure with ten design variables was programmed using MATLAB, and was used in an engineering practice to give a optimization design for the residual and diluvia soil slope in K6+525-K6+610section of ShuiDong Road in Guiyang city.
(1)分别对残坡积土在不同含水量、不同干湿循环和不同浸泡水时间条件下的工程特性进行了室内试验研究,得到了残坡积士的强度参数随含水量、干湿循环次数、浸泡时间的变化规律,分别建立了残坡积土强度参数随土样含水量、干湿循环次数和浸泡水时间变化的关系式,提出了基于残坡积土随含水量变化的改进BP神经网络预测模型。
(2)针对残坡积土边坡稳定性的影响因子之间复杂的非线性关系,利用自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)动态非线性分析能力,提出了基于ANFIS的残坡积土边坡稳定性评价方法,并与最常用的BP神经网络模型进行对比发现该模型准确性优于BP神经网络模型。最后通过工程实例检验所建立的ANFIS模型对浅变质岩残坡积土坡稳定性安全进行预报的能力,结果发现本章建立的ANFIS模型对浅变质岩残坡积土坡稳定性有较好的预报功能。
(3)基于从严格的二维Morgenstern-Price法拓展得来的三维Morgenstern-Price法,分别提出了基于响应面法、支持向量机法三维边坡可靠性分析方法,并首次提出用ANFIS法来研究三维边坡可靠性问题。结合残坡积土在水作用下的工程性质试验数据,分析了三维边坡在水的不同作用形式下的可靠度变化状况。
(4)通过试验研究残坡积土的长期强度特性,研究了在不同含水量、不同时间下残坡积土的抗剪强度参数的变化规律,建立了残坡积土的强度指标与时间之间的关系；基于实验数据,利用改进的Bishop法对残坡积土坡的安全系数进行计算,并利用自适应模糊推理系统对残坡积土边坡的可靠性进行了分析。
(5)针对滑坡三维特征,提出了基于滑块面积加权平均的滑坡滑动面抗剪强度指标准三维反分析方法。该法基于国内常用的剩余推力法,以每个二维剖面的面积以及相应剖面最后条块的剩余推力为参数,可以从滑体整体角度来反分析滑动面抗剪强度指标c、φ值。
(6)把锚拉抗滑桩考虑成为串联体系,考虑锚杆的拉断破坏、拔出破坏、抗滑桩桩身锚固段剪切破坏和受荷段的剪切破坏共四种失效模式,将岩土体的粘聚力c、内摩擦角φ和混凝土轴心抗压强度作为随机变量,提出了锚拉抗滑桩体系可靠度的计算方法,并利用Matlab编制了锚拉抗滑桩体系优化设计计算程序,并以浅变质岩残坡积土坡-贵阳水东路K6+525-K6+610段边坡为依托,对其锚拉抗滑桩治理方案进行优化。
In Midwest of China, there is a large area of residual and diluvia soil covering the mountainous region with complicated geography and geological condition. When constructing high level roads, a number of high and abrupt slopes will come up. The stability of these slopes is primarily threatened by the factor of water. Considering its theoretical and practical significance, this work devotes into the test investigation for the engineering properties of residual and diluvia soil under various acting forms of water, and the slope stability analysis based on the test results, along with the system reliability based optimization design for retaining structure-anchored anti-sliding shaft system usually used in these slopes. The paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.50878082), Construction Technology Project in Western China of Transportation Ministry (200631880237) and Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (09JJ3104). The main work and achievements are as follows:
(1) The variation of the shearing strength of residual and diluvia soil against different water contents was obtained and the corresponding constitute model was established through the strength tests results. Similarly, the relationships of the strength index of this soil with the cycle times of dry-wet cycle, the duration of soaking, and the water content were observed via laboratory tests. An upgraded BP neural network prediction model for strength and water content of residual and diluvia soil was constructed.
(2) An assessment method for slope stability applying Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) was developed by taking advantage of its dynamic nonlinear analysis capacity to handle the complicated nonlinear relationship of the influence factors for residual and diluvia soil slope stability. The results were used to compare with that by BP neural network and indicated superiority in the prediction accuracy. The prediction capacity for slope stability of the ANFIS model constructed herein was verified by engineering practice case.
(3) Morgenstern-Price approach in three dimensions (3D M-P) was developed from the most accurate two dimensional one. Base on3D M-P, Response Surface method and Support Vector Machine method were used to analyze the reliability variation of three dimensional slopes in various application ways of water, associated with the test data of engineering properties for residual and diluvia soil on the action of water. ANFIS was first applied to conduct reliability assessment for3D slope in this paper.
(4) For residual and diluvia soil, test investigation of long term strength behavior was performed. The variation of shearing strength index against different values of water content over time was found. The relation of shearing strength index over time was formulated. Factor of safety of slope was computed by using improved Bishop Method based on test results, together with reliability analyses by using ANFIS.
(5) Considering three dimensional characteristic of slide, a qusi-3D back analysis technique was proposed to calculate shearing strength index of slipping surface with weight-average value of slide bottom area. This technique was derived from usually used residual thrust approach, with two parameters, as the area of each2D cutaway section and the residual thrust of the last slice for this section. This technique is able to back analyze the shearing strength index c and φ at the perspective of the whole slide.
(6) A calculation method for system reliability of anchored anti-sliding shaft was included in this work. The anchored anti-sliding shaft was simulated as a series connection, with such four failure modes as tension failure and pulling out of anchor, the shearing failures of both the anchored segment and loaded segment for the anti-sliding shaft. Parameters like the cohesion c, internal friction angle φ and axial compression strength of concrete were extracted to form the random design vector. Then allowing for the reliability as one constraint, an optimization design procedure with ten design variables was programmed using MATLAB, and was used in an engineering practice to give a optimization design for the residual and diluvia soil slope in K6+525-K6+610section of ShuiDong Road in Guiyang city.
引文
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