摘要
伴随着经济社会的发展,社会公众对食品安全的需求呈现出递增的态势。然而,现实中,食品安全的现状并不乐观；理论研究方面,大多学者将与食品安全有关的政府行为和企业行为作为两个相对独立的问题进行研究。因此,对于食品安全规制与企业社会责任耦合问题的研究具有较强的现实意义和理论意义。论文以新的视角研究与食品安全有关的政府规制和企业社会责任,运用实证分析与规范分析相结合的研究方法,在嵌套式规则体系的分析框架下,以合作治理机制作为政府规制与企业社会责任耦合的组织基础,在此基础上还构建了实现耦合的关系模型,揭示了实现耦合的路径及模式选择,最后不仅提出了推进政府食品安全规制与企业社会责任耦合的政策建议,而且还提出了针对转型期中国食品安全规制与企业社会责任耦合的政策建议。全文分为四个部分,共包括七章内容。
第一部分构建了食品安全规制与企业社会责任耦合的理论框架,包括第一、二章。第一章主要分析了食品安全规制与企业社会责任的耦合逻辑,认为,根据社会契约理论,企业需要履行其社会责任。但是由于企业“经济人”的本性使然,食品生产经营企业的社会责任存在自然流失,需要政府实施规制,而且政府拥有规制优势。然而,由于政府的有限理性,又会出现“规制俘获”等问题。可见,食品安全问题的解决政府和企业缺一不可。但是二者既不是非此即彼、相互替代的关系,也不是相互独立、互不干预的关系,而是需要二者实现耦合。本章对“耦合”以及“耦合效应”的概念进行了界定,还交待了论文的研究目的、基本思路及方法。第二章梳理了前人的食品安全规制和企业社会责任的相关研究,对于包括食品市场信息不对称问题、食品安全规制过程中的责任认定问题、食品安全规制的成本与收益问题；食品安全规制的实证研究；利益相关者理论、社会契约理论；企业社会责任的演化阶段；企业社会责任的研究中有关企业与政府的关系问题等方面的文献资料进行了深入的理解和分析。在此基础上,说明论文研究问题的由来,论文讨论的基础,进而导出论文的研究对象。
第三、四、五章构成了论文的第二部分,是论文的主干部分,阐述了食品安全规制与企业社会责任耦合的制度基础、理论模型以及实现耦合的路径及模式选择。
第三章首先阐述了论文研究的制度性分析框架——嵌套式规则体系。在社会性规制与企业社会责任的耦合过程中,参与者包括政府、企业、公民社会组织及其他相关主体,其中宪法层次规则的供给者是政府(即社会性规制的法律化)；集体选择规则受宪法规则的制约,是在政府指导下由企业做出的履行社会责任的规则体系；操作规则受到集体选择规则的制约,是企业履行社会责任、政府实施规制以及公民社会组织进行监督及信息传递所采用的具体规则。不同行为主体的行动发生在不同的规则层次,不同层次规则呈现出“嵌套”式特征。一般而言,宪法层次的规则最为稳定并处于整个规则体系的核心,其他主体在宪法规则的限制内行动,形成集体选择规则,同时激励下一层决策主体的集体行动,即本层决策者在上一层规则制约下集体行动产生本层规则,依次递推,本层的规则不仅制约下一层决策者的行动,也制约下一层的规则,同时通过评估下一层行动规则的实践效果,本层也会对其规则体系做出调整,进而,新一轮的互动又会开始,周而复始。嵌套式规则体系既保证了宪法选择规则的权威性,又考虑到了行为主体的能动性,从根本上实现了操作规则的灵活性和多样性,可从制度上保证社会性规制与企业社会责任的有效耦合。在此基础上,本章还从企业、政府以及社会三个方面分别分析了二者耦合的经济环境、法律环境以及道德规范。
社会性规制与企业社会责任的耦合不仅需要合理的制度安排,而且还需要一个可行的组织平台,合作治理模式便是一种可行性选择。本文提出,公共需求的满足仅依靠企业的自觉意识无法完全得以满足,仅是依靠政府也是无法完全解决的,需要企业、政府以及社会的协同合作方能解决。企业与政府需要相互影响、相互作用,实现合作治理。在此基础上,本章还分析了企业履行其社会责任的三种方式,即政府或民间组织的认证方式、基于博弈之上的契约方式、自愿履行社会责任的方式,三种方式都需要政府规制的嵌入。
第四章首先分析了政府规制与企业社会责任的耦合关系。一方面,企业社会责任的履行影响政府绩效的高低,另一方面,政府规制是实现企业社会责任的必要保障。在此基础上,论文试图构建二者耦合的关系模型,并试图对于二者耦合的适度性从理论上进行界定。提出,政府需要运用成本与收益分析方法,对政府规制的程度、规制方式以及规制资源的配置等情况进行权衡,适时地调整不同规制方式之间的资源配置,在政府与企业之间的重复博弈中,政府规制一定能够接近于最优边界目标。
第五章分析了食品安全规制与企业社会责任耦合的路径及模式选择。论文从两个角度分析了二者耦合的实现路径,一是运用政府与企业之间的博弈探讨耦合的路径。一方面,政府利用其制度供给优势及其对非正式制度演进的影响,规范企业文化及伦理道德,实现社会性规制的企业化和企业社会责任的普适化；另一方面,企业在社会性规制的指导下主动承担其社会责任,能够通过自身竞争力的提升,进而推进企业社会责任运动,这便能够通过企业社会责任的履行实现社会性规制的目标,推进社会性规制的变革。二是通过非政府组织的信息提供及传导机制为社会性规制与企业社会责任的耦合提供外部监督机制和信息平台。在此路径下,论文提出了三种可供选择的耦合模式：一是授权型自我规制,即规制者强制被规制企业决定和实施企业内部规则和程序,进而实现规制者的政策目标；二是共同规制,即企业、政府性组织和非政府组织共同促成标准的制定、监督、报告、审计、认证以及与利益相关者之间的对话；三是回应型规制,即背景依托型的规制,应根据当前规制环境的变化而产生不同的方案。
第六章构成了论文的第三部分,与之前的理论分析相对应,本章属经验分析。以中国为例,分析了当前中国与食品安全有关的企业社会责任、政府规制以及政府食品安全规制与企业社会责任耦合的现状、存在的问题及其成因。
第四部分是论文的第七章,主要是提出了实现政府食品安全规制与企业社会责任耦合的政策建议,认为,第一,需要构建政府、企业与社会“三位一体”的合作治理机制,为食品安全规制与企业社会责任的耦合提供组织平台；第二,需要规制政府行为,改进政府治理,为政府食品安全规制与企业社会责任的耦合提供有效的制度平台；第三,需要规范企业行为,改善治理结构,构建良好的企业文化和企业伦理观,形成实现二者耦合的长效联动机制；第四,需要推进非政府组织的建立与成长,为政府食品安全规制与企业社会责任的耦合提供外部条件。本章还针对中国当前食品安全规制与企业社会责任耦合中存在的问题提出有针对性的政策建议。
通过本文的研究,理论方面,期望通过综合运用公共管理理论、产业经济学、制度经济学等多个学科的知识展开分析,突破传统的规制经济学的研究思路；通过对耦合关系的研究,将新的变量引入到企业行为的研究中去,这样也可以在一定程度上丰富企业理论。在实践中,期望更好地推动企业积极主动地承担其社会责任；更好地推进政府管理体制的改革,提高政府规制的绩效,加快服务政府、责任政府和效能政府的建立；更好地适应国际经济一体化,应对全球社会责任运动的冲击,稳固并强化中国在国际竞争中的比较优势。然而,由于受当前研究资料以及本人研究能力的限制,论文的研究仍存有一些不足：论文数理部分的分析稍显薄弱,需要进一步深化；对于政府规制与企业社会责任耦合“度”的分析只是停留在理论层面,对于实践的适用性仍需做进一步的研究。这些不足将是笔者进一步研究的方向。
Along with economic and social development, public demand for food safety has shown increasing trend. However, in reality, the status of food security is not optimistic. In theoretical studies, most scholars regard government food safety-related behavior and corporate behavior as relatively independent problem. Therefore, the research on food safety regulation and corporate social responsibility coupling has strong practical and theoretical significance. This paper researches on government regulation of food safety and corporate social responsibility from a new perspective, using empirical analysis and normative analysis. Under the framework of nested system of rules, paper uses cooperative governance as coupled organizational foundation, and it also builds the relational model which is to achieve coupling, and reveals the path and mode selection. Finally, it recommends policies to promote coupling. The thesis can be divided into seven chapters.
The first part builds up the framework of coupling, including chapter I and II. Chapter Ⅰ analyzes the coupled logic, that, according to social contract theory, companies need to fulfill their social responsibility. However, due to the nature of "economic man" dictates, there is natural wastage of corporate social responsibility on food production and management, so we need government to implement regulation and the government has a regulatory advantage. However, because of the government's limited rationality, itwould give rise to "regulatory capture" and so on. Government and enterprises are indispensable to the visible solution to the problem of food security. But the relationship between the two is neither one nor the other, nor is it alternative, nor is it independent of each other, but need both to achieve coupling. This chapter defines the concept of "coupling" and "coupling affection", and also explains the purpose of the research paper, and the basic ideas and methods. Chapter Ⅱ combines the previous research on food safety regulation and corporate social responsibility, including the food market information asymmetry problem, food safety regulatory responsibility in the process of problem identification, costs and benefits issues of food safety regulation, and empirical research of food safety regulation, stakeholder theory, social contract theory; stage of the evolution of corporate social responsibility, study of corporate social responsibility on the relationship between business and government issues and so on. On this basis, the paper indicates the origin of the research problem, the basis for discussion, and then exports the object of the study.
Chapter III, IV and V constitute the second part of the paper, which is the main part of the paper, explains the coupled system base, theoretical models and the path and mode selection of the realization of coupling.
Chapter Ⅲ begins by describing the thesis research of institutional analysis framework---ested system of rules. The coupling process of social regulation and corporate social responsibility, involves government, business, civil society organizations and other related subjects. Constitutional-level rules which the suppliers of the government (i.e., social regulation of the law). Collective choice rules constrained by constitutional rules, which is under the guidance of the government, promote the corporate to make their social responsibility. Operating rules which are constraints by the collective choice rules, is specific rules used by corporate social responsibility, government regulation and the implementation of civil society organizations to monitor and information transmission. Actions of different actors are in different levels, and different rules show different levels of "nested" type features. In general, the rules of the constitutional level are the most stable and they are also the core of the whole system of rules. The actions of other subjects are within the limits of the constitutional rules, and form the collective choice rules, while urging the collective action of the next level decision-making body. So that decision-makers in this layer carry out collective action under the constraints of prior level rules and generated in the rules of this layer. Followed by recurrence, the rules of this layer not only restrict the actions of decision-makers of the next layer, but also restrict the rules of the next layer. At the same time, this layer will make adjustments to its system of rules by assessing the effect of the rules of practice in this layer. Then, will begin a new round of interaction, again and again. Nested system of rules can not only guarantee the constitutional authority of selection rules, but also take into account the actors of the initiative. This can achieve the flexibility and diversity of the fundamental rules of operation, and can also ensure the coupling of social regulation and corporate social responsibility effectively from the system. On this basis, this chapter analyzes the economic environment, legal environment, and ethics rules of coupling from the aspects of business, government and society.
The coupling of social regulation and corporate social responsibility not only need reasonable institutional arrangements, but also need a viable platform for the organization, and co-governance model is a feasible option. In this paper, in order to meet the public demand, we can not only rely on self-consciousness or government. We need business, government and community together to solve. Business and government need impact each other, and achieve governance. On this basis, this chapter analyzes the company to fulfill its social responsibility in three ways, namely, government or private organizations authentication, contract based on the way of game, a voluntary social responsibility approach. All of them require the embedding of government regulation.
Chapter IV analyzes the coupled relationship between government regulation and the corporate social responsibility firstly. On the one hand, the fulfillment of corporate social responsibility affects the level of government performance, on the other hand, government regulation is necessary to achieve corporate social responsibility to protect. On this basis, the paper attempts to build coupled relation models between the two, and tries to define the modest nature of coupling theoretically. The paper considers that the government need to use cost-benefit analysis, and balance the degree and methods of government regulation, and the allocation of regulation resources, etc., and adjust the allocation of resources between different ways of regulating. The government regulation must be close to optimal border goals during the repeated games between the government and enterprises.
Chapter V analyzes the coupled path and mode selection of food safety regulation and corporate social responsibility. This paper analyzes the realization of coupling between the two paths. First, we use the game between the government and enterprises to explore the coupling path. On the one hand, government can use its advantages of supplying system and its influence on the evolution of the informal system, and standardize the corporate culture and ethical, so as to achieve social regulation enterprise and the universality of corporate social responsibility; On the other hand, enterprises can undertake their social responsibilities under the guidance of social regulation, they can be able to enhance their competitiveness, and thus to promote corporate social responsibility movement, which will be able to achieve the goal of social regulation through fulfilling corporate social responsibility and promote social regulation changes. Second, we can provide external oversight of the coupling mechanism and information platform through non-governmental organizations in order to provide information and transmission mechanism of social regulation and corporate social responsibility. In this path, the paper presents three alternative coupling mode:first, enforced self-regulation, that the regulator decides to force companies to be regulated and implements internal rules and procedures, thus achieving the regulator's policy objectives; Second, co-regulation, that business, government organizations and non-governmental organizations promote the development of standards, monitoring, reporting, auditing, certification and stakeholder dialogue; Third, responsive regulation, which relies on context-based regulation should be based on the current regulatory environment, and changes resulting from different scenarios.
Chapter VI constitutes the third part of the paper, corresponding to the previous theoretical analysis, there is an empirical analysis in this chapter. The paper analyzes China's current corporate social responsibility and government regulation of food safety, and researches on the coupled status quo, problems and their causes.
The fourth part of the thesis is the chapter Ⅶ. It mainly puts forward to policy recommendations of achieving the government food safety regulations coupled with corporate social responsibility. First, we need to build "Trinity" co-governance for food safety between government, business and society and provide organizational platform for the coupling of corporate social responsibility and government regulation; second, we need to regulate government behavior, and improve governance, and provide an effective system of coupled platform for coupling of the government food safety regulation and corporate social responsibility; Third, we need to standardize enterprise behavior, improve governance, build good corporate culture and ethics, and form long-term linkage between the two coupling mechanisms; Fourth, we need to promote the establishment of NGOs and growth, and provide the external conditions of coupling of the government food safety regulation and corporate social responsibility. This chapter also put forward to targeted policy recommendations for the existing coupling issues of China.
The paper expects to break through the traditional regulatory economics research ideas through the integrated use of public management theory, industrial economics, institutional economics and other disciplines of knowledge; it can rich the theory of corporate to some extent by the research on coupling relationship and introduce new variables into enterprise behavior to the study. In practice, it expects to promote the enterprises to take the initiative to assume their social responsibility actively; to better promote the reform of government management system, to improve the performance of government regulation, to speed up the establishment of service government, responsible government and efficient government; to better adapt international economic integration to deal with the impact of global social responsibility movement, sound and strengthen China's comparative advantage in international competition. However, due to my current research data and research capacity constraints, the research paper still has some drawbacks:Sub-analysis of papers are slightly weak, and need to be deepen; the analysis of the "degree" of coupling stay at the theoretical level, and the applicability in practice remains to be done for further research. These deficiencies will be the further research of the author.
引文
①[美]乔治·斯蒂纳、约翰·斯蒂纳.企业、政府与社会[M].张志强、王春香译.北京：华夏出版社,2002.138.
①[日]植草益.微观规制经济学[M].朱绍文等译.北京：中国发展出版社,1992.22.
②何立胜,杨志强.内部性·外部性·政府规制[J].经济评论,2006,(1)：143-149.
③[美]D.F.史普博.管制与市场[M].余辉译.上海：上海三联书店、上海人民出版社,1999.64.
④[美]查尔斯·沃尔夫.市场或是政府——权衡两种不完善的选择[M].谢旭译.北京：中国发展出版社,1994.15.
①斯蒂格利茨,政府为什么干预经济——政府在市场经济中的角色[M].郑秉文译.北京：中国物资出版社,1998.45-48.
②斯蒂格利茨,政府为什么干预经济——政府在市场经济中的角色[M].郑秉文译.北京：中国物资出版社,1998.74-77.
③此处内容为作者所加,原文中并没有这一内容。
①[美]默里·L·韦登鲍姆.全球市场中的企业与政府[M].张兆安译.上海：上海三联书店,上海人民出版社,2002.44.
②政府规制失灵有多种表现形式,基于论文的研究目的,本文重点论述的是“规制俘获”问题。
① Williamson, O.E.,1985, the Institutions of Capitalism:Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting, New York:Free Press, PP47-48.
①刘俊海.公司的社会责任[M].北京：法律出版社,1999.
②Ansoff I.,1965, Corporate Strategy, McGraw-Hill, New York.
③Freeman, R.E.,1984, Strategic Management, a Stakeholder Approach, Boston, MA:Pitman.
①转引自：高洋.企业社会责任与消费者支持关系的实证研究[D].博士学位论文,辽宁大学,2010.29.
②转引自：高洋.企业社会责任与消费者支持关系的实证研究[D].博士学位论文,辽宁大学,2010.30.
③ Archie B.Carroll,1979, a Three-dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Performance. Academy of Management Review.
④R.Grimble and K. Wellard,1997, "Stakeholder Methodologies in Natural Resource Management:a Review of Principles, Contexts, Experiences and Opportunities", Agric. Syst.55, Feb., PP173-193.
②杨瑞龙,周业安.企业的利益相关者理论及其应用[M].经济科学出版社.2000.
③崔浩.企业利益相关者共同治理研究[D],博士学位论文,中国科学技术大学,2005年.
①[英]霍布斯.利维坦[M].黎思复,黎廷弼译.北京：商务印书馆,1985.97-135.
②王学义.企业伦理学[M].成都：西南财经人学出版社,2004.57.
③孙国锋.社会信用的制度分析[J].社会科学研究,2002,(5)：43-47.
④[美]唐纳森、邓菲.有约束力的关系：对企业伦理学的一种社会契约论的研究[M].赵月琴译.上海：上海社会科学院出版社,2001.5.
⑤[英]约翰·密尔.论自由[M].程崇华译.北京：商务印书馆,1959.81.
①[美]乔治·斯蒂纳、约翰·斯蒂纳.企业、政府,社会[M].张志强、王春香译,北京：华夏出版社,2002.6.
② Rawls, John,1993, Political Liberalism, New York, NY:Columbia University Press, p26.
③ Dunfee. T W,1991, "Business Ethics and Extant Social Contracts", Business Ethics Quarterly, Vol.1, Jan., pp23-25.
④ Axelrod. R.,1986, "An Evolutionary Approach to Norms", American Political Science Review, Vol.80, Apr., p11.
⑤[美]托马斯·唐纳德森、托马斯·邓菲.有约束力的关系：对企业伦理学的一种社会契约论的研究[M].赵月琴译.上海：上海社会科学院出版社,2001.26-28.
①[美]乔治·斯蒂纳、约翰·斯蒂纳.企业、政府与社会[M].张志强、王春香译.北京：华夏出版社,2002,151.
② Palmer, E.,2001, "Multinational Corporations and the Social Contract", Journal of Business Ethics, Vol.31,Mar.,pp245-258.
③[英]帕特里夏·沃海思、爱德华·弗里曼.布莱克韦尔商业伦理学百科辞典[M].刘宝成译.北京：对外经济贸易大学出版社,2002.639.
④[美]约瑟夫·W·韦斯.商业伦理一利益相关分析与问题管理方法[M].符彩霞译.北京：中国人民大学出版社.136.
⑤[美]托马斯·唐纳森、托马斯·邓菲.有约束力的关系：对企业伦理学的一种社会契约论的研究[M].赵月琴译.上海：上海社会科学院出版社,2001.26.
①彼得·德鲁克.管理实践[M].New York：Harper & Row.1955.342.
② David Rockefeller,1993, The Corporation in Transition:Redefining Its Social Charter, Washington, D.C:Chamber of the United States, P.23.
③这部分整理主要参考：沈洪涛、沈艺峰.公司社会责任思想——起源与演变[M].上海：世纪出版集团、上海人民出版社,2007.
①[美]迈克尔·麦金尼斯、文森特·奥斯特罗姆.李梅译.民主变革：从为民主而奋斗走向自主治理(上)[J].北京行政学院学报,2001,(3)：90-96.
②这便是海克桑所建构的一系列嵌套的博弈。转引自埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆.公共事物的治理之道[M].上海：上海三联书店,2000.83.
③埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆.公共事物的治理之道[M].上海：上海三联书店,2000,83-84.
①迈克尔·麦金尼斯.多中心体制与地方公共经济[M].上海：上海三联书店,2000.2-3.
②迈克尔·麦金尼斯.多中心治道与发展[M].上海：上海三联书店,2000.95.
③文森特·奥斯特罗姆、帕克斯·惠特克.公共服务的制度建构[M].上海：上海三联书店,2000.11-12.
①斯格特.组织理论[M].黄洋等译.北京：华夏出版社,2002.124.
②斯格特.组织理论[M].黄洋等译.北京：华夏出版社,2002.125.
② J.Kooiman,1993, Modem Governance—New Government—Society Interactions(2nd), London:Sage, P8.
③ Tam, Henry,1998, Communitarianism:A New Agenda for Politics and Citizenship, New York: University Press, P105.
①李砚忠.以“合作式治理”提高和谐社会建设中的政府信任[J].科学社会主义,2007,(2)：103-106.
②美国学者E.S.萨瓦斯(Savas)认为,“政府”一词源于古希腊语,它的意思是‘掌舵(to steer)'。政府的工作就是掌舵,而不是划船,提供服务是划船,而政府并不非常擅长于划船。”在合作治理过程中,政府对公共事务进行治理,它掌舵(steering)但不划桨(rowing),不直接介入公共事务,只介于负责统治的政治和负责具体事务的管理之间。转引自毛寿龙等.西方政府的治道变革[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1998.7.
③托尼·麦克格鲁.走向真正的全球治理,载于李惠斌.全球化与公民社会[M].南宁：广西师范大学出版社,2003.94.
①托克维尔.论美国的民主[M].北京：商务印书馆,1995.100-101.
②[美]查尔斯·沃尔夫.市场或是政府——权衡两种不完善的选择[M].谢旭译,北京：中国发展出版社,1994.1.
③同上.
①谭英俊.公共事务合作治理模式——反思与探索[J].贵州社会科学,2009,(3)：14-18.
②转引自俞可平.治理与善治[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2000.3.
③谭英俊.公共事务合作治理模式——反思与探索[J].贵州社会科学,2009,(3)：14-18.
①迈克尔·麦金尼斯.多中心体制与地方公共经济[M].上海：上海三联书店,2000.46.
①杜中臣.企业的社会责任及其实现方式[J].中国人民大学学报,2005,(4)：39-46.
①奥利弗·E·威廉姆森.资本主义经济制度[M].北京：商务印书馆,2002.418-420.
②青木昌彦.比较制度分析[M].上海：上海远东出版社,2001.236.
③转引自：杜中臣,企业的社会责任及其实现方式[J],中国人民大学学报,2005,(4)：39-46.
①杜中臣,企业的社会责任及其实现方式[J],中国人民大学学报,2005,(4)：39-46.
②奥斯特罗姆.流行的狂热抑或基本概念[A].曹荣湘.走出囚徒困境——社会资本与制度困境[C].上海：上海三联书店,2003.27.
③奥斯特罗姆.流行的狂热抑或基本概念[A].曹荣湘.走出囚徒困境——社会资本与制度困境[C].上海：上海三联书店,2003.24.
④杜中臣,企业的社会责任及其实现方式[J],中国人民大学学报,2005,(4)：39-46.
①王丹.政府推进企业社会责任机制研究[D].博士学位论文,华东政法大学,2009.45.
②李雪梅、徐小军.当前我国地方政府绩效评估研究[J].统计与决策,2006,(1)：32-34.
③ S.Zadek, J. Sabapathy, H. bossing and T. Swift,2003, Responsible Competitiveness:Corporate Responsibility Clusters in Action, The Copenhagen Centre & Account Ability.
①Zadek and Swift,op.cit.,p.22.
②转引自：俞可平.治理与善治[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2000.6.
①俞可平.治理与善治[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2000.1-15.
①李昌麒.经济法学[M].北京：中国政法大学出版社,1999.217.
②卢代富.企业社会责任的经济学与法学分析[M].北京：法律出版社,2002.207.
①毛寿龙、李梅.有限政府的经济分析[M].上海：上海三联书店,2000.31.
② Gond, J-P, Kang, N and Moon, J.,2008,'Corporate Social Responsibility' in D Coen, W Grant and G Wilson eds, Oxford Handbook of Business and Government Oxford University Press.
①卢代富.企业社会责任的经济学与法学分析[M].北京：法律出版社,2002.208.
② David, Keith, and Blomstrom, Robert L.,1966, Business and its Environment, McGraw-Hill Book Company, pp 185-204.
① Laura Albareda,2008, "Corporate Responsibility, Governance and Accountability:from Self-regulation to Co-regulation", Corporate Governance, Vol.8, Apr., pp430-439.
① Atle Midttun,2008, "Partnered Governance:Aligning Corporate Responsibility and Public Policy in the Global Economy", Corporate Governance, Vol.8, Apr., pp406-418.
②托尼·麦克格鲁.走向真正的全球治理,载于李惠斌.全球化与公民社会[M].南宁：广西师范大学出版,2003.94.
① David Antony Detomasi,2008. "The Political Roots of Corporate Social Responsibility", Journal of Business Ethics, Vol.84, Apr., pp807-819.
② Thomas F. McInerney,2006, Putting Regulation before Responsibility:Towards Binding Norms of Corporate Social Responsibility, http://law. bepress. Com/expresso/eps/1029. working paper.
③ M. Minogue,2002, "Governance-Based Analysis of Regulation", Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Vol.73, Apr.
① Howlett, M., & Ramesh, M.,1993, "Patterns of Policy Choice", Policy Studies Review, Dec., pp3-24.
② Hood, C,1983, "Using Bureaucracy Sparingly", Public Administration, Vol.61, pp197-208.
①刘俊海.企业的社会责任[M].北京：法律出版社,1999.52.
①Kahn, A.E.,1979, The Economics of Regulation, New York:John Wiley Sons, Vol.Ⅱ, p12.
②[美]默里·L.韦登鲍姆.全球市场中的企业与政府[M].上海：上海人民出版社,上海三联书店,2006.69.
③[美]安东尼·奥格斯.规制：法律形式与经济学理论[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2006.343.
①[美]莱斯特·萨拉蒙等.全球公民社会——非营利部门视界[M].贾西津、魏玉等译,北京：社会科学文献出版社,2002.3-4.
②[美]莱斯特·萨拉蒙.何增科译.非营利部门的兴起[A].何增科.公民社会与第三部门[C].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2000.
①戴维·奥斯本,特勒·盖布勒.改革政府——企业精神如何改革着公营部门[M].上海编译组译.上海：上海译文出版社,1996.22.
①转引自周志忍、陈庆云.自律与他律——第三部门监督机制个案研究[M].杭州：浙江人民出版社,1999.42.
②Ayres. Ian & John Braithwaite,1992, Responsive Regulation, Oxford:Oxford Univ. Press, p437.
① Gunningham, Neil, P. Grabosky, and Darren Sinclair.1998, Smart Regulation, Oxford:Oxford Univ. Press, p238.
② Sinclair, Darren,1997, "Self-Regulation versus Command and Control? Beyond False Dichotomies", Law & Policy, Vol.19, pp527-591.
③ Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).2002, Regulatory Policy in OECD Countries:From Interventionism to Regulatory Governance[R]. Paris:OECD.
④ Ogus, Anthony, and Carolyn Abbot,2002, "Sanctions for Pollution:Do we have the Right Regime?", Journal of Environmental Law, Vol.14, Mar., pp283-98.
⑤ Fairman, Robyn,1999, "A Commentary on'The Evolution of Environmental Health Risk Management:AUS Perspective'", Journal of Risk Research, Vol.2, Feb., pp101-15.
⑥ Aalders, Marius, and Ton Wilthagen.1997, "Moving beyond Command and Control:Reflexivity in the Regulation of Occupational Safety and Health", Law & Policy, Vol.19, Apr., pp415-431.
⑦ Coglianese Cary, and David Lazer,2003, "Management-Based Regulation Prescribing Private Management to Achieve Public Goals", Law & Society Review, Vol.37, pp691-730.
① Ayres. Ian, and John Braithwaite,1992, Responsive Regulation, Oxford:Oxford Univ. Press, p441.
② Great Britain,1993, Advisory Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (ACSNI). Organizing for Safety[R]. London:HMSO, p245.
③ Genn, Hazel,1993, "Business Responses to the Regulation of Health and Safety in England", Law & Policy, Vol.15, pp219-331.
④ Yapp, Charlotte, and Robyn Fairman (forthcoming), "Factors Affecting Food Safety Compliance within Small and Medium Sized Enterprises:Implications for Regulatory and Enforcement Strategies", Journal of Food Control, Vol.17, Jan., pp42-57.
② Zadek, S,2006, The Logic of Collaborative Governance:Corporate Responsibility, Accountability, and the Social Contract[A]. in Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative working paper[C], No.17, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA,442.
① John M. Antle,1996, Efficient Food Safety Regulation in the Food Manufacturing, American Agricultural Economics Association, P12-43.
①李翠霞,吕裔良.中国乳品产业市场结构优化研究[J].农业经济问题,2008,(4),22-25.
①[美]曼瑟尔·奥尔森.集体行动的逻辑[M].陈郁等泽,上海：上海三联书店、上海人民出版社,1995.2.
①李晓峰.从“公地悲剧”到“反公地悲剧”[J].经济经纬,2004,(3)：23-27.
①陈新岗.“公地悲剧”与“反公地悲剧”理论在中国的应用研究[J].山东社会科学,2005,(3)：33-36.
①转引自俞可平.治理与善治[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2000.56.
[1]埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆.公共事物的治理之道[M].上海：上海三联书店,2000,83-84.
[2][美]安东尼·奥格斯.规制：法律形式与经济学理论[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2008.343.
[3]奥斯特罗姆.流行的狂热抑或基本概念[A].曹荣湘.走出囚徒困境——社会资本与制度困境[C].上海：上海三联书店,2003.24.
[4]奥利弗·E·威廉姆森.资本主义经济制度[M].北京：商务印书馆,2002.418-420.
[5]彼得·德鲁克.管理实践[M].New York:Harper & Row.1955.342.
[6]程启智.内部性与外部性及其政府管制的产权分析[J].管理世界,2002,(12)：24-27.
[7]程启智.问责制、最优预防与健康和安全管制的经济分析[J].中国工业经济,2005,(1)：15-20.
[8]陈富良.放松规制与强化规制[M].上海：上海三联书店,2001.
[9][美]查尔斯·沃尔夫.市场或是政府——权衡两种不完善的选择[M].谢旭译.北京：中国发展出版社,1994.15.
[10]崔浩.企业利益相关者共同治理研究[D],博士学位论文,中国科学技术大学,2005年.
[11]陈新岗.“公地悲剧”与“反公地悲剧”理论在中国的应用研究[J].山东社会科学,2005,(3)：33-36.
[12][美]丹尼尔·F.史普博.管制与市场[M].上海：上海三联书店,1999.
[13]杜中臣.企业的社会责任及其实现方式[J].中国人民大学学报,2005,(4)：39-46.
[14]董明.私营企业主阶层与地方政府关系评析—从学者的讨论到问题的提出[J].中共宁波市委党校学报,2006,(4)：8-15.
[15]戴维·奥斯本,特勒·盖布勒.改革政府——企业精神如何改革着公营部门[M].上海编译组译.上海：上海译文出版社,1996.22.
[16][美]菲利普·科特勒.企业的社会责任[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006.
[17]高洋.企业社会责任与消费者支持关系的实证研究[D].博士学位论文,辽宁大学,2010.29,30.
[18]黄新华.论政府社会性规制职能的完善[J].政治学研究,2007,(2)：13-17.
[19][英]霍布斯.利维坦[M].黎思复,黎廷弼译.北京：商务印书馆,1985.97-135.
[20]环境与发展研究所主编.企业社会责任在中国[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2004.
[21]何立胜,杨志强.内部性·外部性·政府规制[J].经济评论,2006,(1)：143-149.
[22]鞠芳辉,谢子远.企业社会责任的实现——基于消费者选择的分析[J].中国工业经济,2005,(9)：11-14.
[23][美]罗伯特·阿格拉诺夫等.协作性公共管理：地方政府新战略[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2007.
[24]刘辉.转型期社会性规制研究：信息不对称与博弈分析[J].财经论丛,2006,(2)：15-18.
[25]刘俊海.公司的社会责任[M].北京：法律出版社,1999.
[26]刘穷志.煤矿安全事故博弈分析与政府管制政策分析[J].经济评论,2006,(5)：16-19.
[27]柳捷.社会性规制及其法律制度安排[J].社会科学辑刊,2006,(6)：12-16.
[28][美]理查德·雷恩.政府与企业——比较视角下的美国政治经济体制[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,2007.
[29]李砚忠.以“合作式治理”提高和谐社会建设中的政府信任[J].科学社会主义,2007,(2)：103-106.
[30]李晓峰.从“公地悲剧”到“反公地悲剧”[J].经济经纬,2004,(3)：23-27.
[31]李翠霞,吕裔良.中国乳品产业市场结构优化研究[J].农业经济问题,2008,(4),22-25.
[32]李立清,李燕凌.企业社会责任研究[M].北京：人民出版社,2005.
[33]李雪梅、徐小军.当前我国地方政府绩效评估研究[J].统计与决策,2006,(1)：32-34.
[34]李昌麒.经济法学[M].北京：中国政法大学出版社,1999.217.
[35]黎友焕.SA8000与中国企业社会责任建设[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2004.
[36]卢代富.企业社会责任的经济学与法学分析[M].北京：法律出版社,2002.
[37]刘玲.国有企业社会责任研究—以“企业一政府一社会”关系为框架[J].理论界,2007,(9)：95-96.
[38][美]莱斯特·萨拉蒙等.全球公民社会——非营利部门视界[M].贾西津、魏玉等译,北京：社会科学文献出版社,2002.3-4.
[39][美]默里·L·韦登鲍姆.全球市场中的企业与政府[M].张兆安译.上海：上海三联书店,上海人民出版社,2002.44.
[40][美]迈克尔·麦金尼斯、文森特·奥斯特罗姆.李梅译.民主变革：从为民主而奋斗走向自主治理(上)[J].北京行政学院学报,2001,(3)：90-96.
[41]迈克尔·麦金尼斯.多中心治道与发展[M].上海：上海三联书店,2000,95.斯格特.组织理论[M].黄洋等译.北京：华夏出版社,2002..
[42]毛寿龙、李梅.有限政府的经济分析[M].上海：上海三联书店,2000.31.
[43]迈克尔·麦金尼斯.多中心体制与地方公共经济[M].上海：上海三联书店,2000.
[44][美]乔治·斯蒂纳、约翰·斯蒂纳.企业、政府与社会[M].张志强、王春香译.北京：华夏出版社,2002.
[45][美]D.F史普博.管制与市场[M].余辉译.上海：上海三联书店、上海人民出版社,1999.64.
[46]沈洪涛、沈艺峰.公司社会责任思想——起源与演变[M].上海：世纪出版集团、上海人民出版社,2007.
[47]斯蒂格利茨,政府为什么干预经济——政府在市场经济中的角色[M].郑秉文译.北京：中国物资出版社,1998.45-48,74-77.
[48]孙国锋.社会信用的制度分析[J].社会科学研究,2002,(5)：43-47.
[49][美]唐纳森、邓菲.有约束力的关系：对企业伦理学的一种社会契约论的研究[M].赵月琴译.上海：上海社会科学院出版社,2001.5.
[50][英]帕特里夏·沃海思、爱德华·弗里曼.布莱克韦尔商业伦理学百科辞典[M].刘宝成译.北京：对外经济贸易大学出版社,2002.639.
[51]青木昌彦.比较制度分析[M]上海：上海远东出版社,2001.236.
[52][美]唐纳德森、邓菲.有约束力的关系：对企业伦理学的一种社会契约论的研究[M].赵月琴译.上海：上海社会科学院出版社,2001.26-28.
[53]托尼·麦克格鲁.走向真正的全球治理,载于李惠斌.全球化与公民社会[M].南宁：广西师范大学出版,2003.94.
[54][美]托马斯·唐纳森、托马斯·邓菲.有约束力的关系：对企业伦理学的一种社会契约论的研究[M].赵月琴译.上海：上海社会科学院出版社,2001.26.
[55]托克维尔.论美国的民主[M].北京：商务印书馆,1995.100-101.
[56]谭英俊.公共事务合作治理模式——反思与探索[J].贵州社会科学,2009,(3)：14-18.
[57]田学斌,贾小玫.消费者产权、消费风险与政府管制：一个初步分析.中国工业经济[J],2005,(11)：14-17.
[58][美]默里·L.韦登鲍姆.全球市场中的企业与政府[M].上海：上海人民出版社,上海三联书店,2006.69.
[57][美]曼瑟尔·奥尔森.集体行动的逻辑[M].陈郁等泽,上海：上海三联书店、上海人民出版社,1995.2.
[59][美]W.吉帕·维斯库斯.约翰M.弗农、小约瑟夫E.哈林顿.反垄断与管制经济学[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[60]王学义.企业伦理学[M].成都：西南财经人学出版社,2004.57.
[61]王丹.政府推进企业社会责任机制研究[D].博士学位论文,华东政法大学,2009,45.
[62]文森特·奥斯特罗姆、帕克斯、惠特克.公共服务的制度建构[M].上海：上海三联书店,2000,11-12.
[63]王俊豪.政府管制经济学导论[M].北京：商务印书馆,2001.
[64]王廷惠.微观规制理论研究：基于对正统理论的批判和将市场作为一个过程的理解[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,2005.
[65]王锐生.现代企业的社会责任标准——社会哲学视野下的“SA8000”[J].哲学动态,2004,(4)：12-15.
[66]万莉,罗怡芬.企业社会责任的均衡模型[J].中国工业经济,2006,(9)：18-21.
[67][美]小贾尔斯·伯吉斯.管制与反垄断经济学[M].上海：上海财经大学出版社,2003.
[68][英]约翰·密尔.论自由[M].程崇华译.北京：商务印书馆,1959.81.
[69]尹栾玉.美、日社会性规制政策演变的比较及其借鉴[J].当代经济研究,2005(10).
[70][美]约瑟夫·w·韦斯.商业伦理一利益相关分析与问题管理方法[M].符彩霞译.北京：中国人民大学出版社,1995.136.
[71]杨瑞龙,周业安.企业的利益相关者理论及其应用[M].经济科学出版社.2000.
[72]俞可平.治理与善治[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2000.3.
[73][日]植草益.微观规制经济学[M].朱绍文等译.北京：中国发展出版社,1992.22.
[74]郑若娟.西方企业社会责任理论研究进展——基于概念演进的视角[J].国外社会科学,2006,(2)：22-25.
[75]中国企业家调查系统编著.企业家看社会责任[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2007.
[76]钟廷军,刘长全.论规制、经济性规制和社会性规制的逻辑关系与范围[J].经济评论,2006, (2)： 26-28.
[77]张红凤.西方规制经济学的变迁[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2005. 周志忍、陈庆云.自律与他律——第三部门监督机制个案研究[M].杭州：浙江人民出版社,1999.42.
[78]Ansoff I.,1965, Corporate Strategy, McGraw-Hill, New York.
[79]Archie B.Carroll,1979, a Three-dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Performance. Academy of Management Review.
[80]Axelrod. R.,1986, "An Evolutionary Approach to Norms", American Political Science Review, Vol.80, Apr., p11.
[81]Archie B. Carroll,1995, Stakeholder Thinking in Three Models of Management Morality:a Perspective with Strategic Implications, in Jahu Nasi, ed., Understanding Stakeholder Thinking, Helsinki, Finland:LSR Publications, p.68.
[82]Atle Midttun,2008. "Partnered Governance:Aligning Corporate Responsibility and Public Policy in the Global Economy", Corporate Governance, Vol.8, Apr., pp406-418.
[83]Ayres. Ian & John Braithwaite,1992, Responsive Regulation, Oxford:Oxford Univ. Press, p437.
[84]Aalders, Marius, and Ton Wilthagen.1997, "Moving beyond Command and Control: Reflexivity in the Regulation of Occupational Safety and Health", Law & Policy, Vol.19, Apr., pp415-431.
[85]Archie. B. Carroll,1996. Business & Society:Ethics and Stakeholder Management[M], 3rd ed., Cincinnati, Ohio:South-Western Publishing Company.
[86]Anthony G. Heyes,2005, "A Signaling Motive for Self-regulation in the Shadow of Coercion", Journal of Economics and Business, Vol.57.
[87]Arnold Wilts and Christine Quittkat,2004, "Corporate Interests and Public Affairs: Organized Business-Government Relations in EU Member States, Journal of Public Affairs, Vol.4, Apr., pp384-399
[88]Atle Midttun,2008, "Partnered governance:aligning corporate responsibility and public policy in the global economy", Corporate Governance, Vol.8, Apr., pp406-418.
[89]Coglianese Cary, and David Lazer,2003, "Management-Based Regulation Prescribing Private Management to Achieve Public Goals", Law& Society Review, Vol.37, pp691-730.
[99]Dunfee. T W,1991, "Business Ethics and Extant Social Contracts", Business Ethics Quarterly, Vol.1,Jan, pp23-25.
[100]David Rockefeller,1993, The Corporation in Transition:Redefining Its Social Charter, Washington, D.C:Chamber of the United States, P.23.
[101]David Antony Detomasi,2008. "The Political Roots of Corporate Social Responsibility", Journal of Business Ethics, Vol.84, Apr, pp807-819.
[102]David, Keith, and Blomstrom, Robert L.,1966, Business and its Environment, McGraw-Hill Book Company, pp.185-204
[103]DeMarzo, Peter, Michael Fishman and Kathleen Hagerty,2005, "Self-Regulation and Government Oversight", Review of Economic Studies, Vol.72.
[104]Dirk Marten,2003, "Symbolic Politics in Environmental Regulation:Corporate Strategic Responses", Business Strategy and the Environment, Vol.12, pp215-226.
[105]David Hess,2008, "The Three Pillars of Corporate Social Reporting As New Governance Regulation:Disclosure, Dialogue, and Development", Business Ethics Quarterly, Vol.18, Apr. pp447-482.
[106]David Antony Detomasi,2008, "The Political Roots of Corporate Social Responsibility", Journal of Business Ethics, Vol.84, Apr, pp807-819.
[107]Epple, D. and Raviv, A.1978, "Product Safety:Liability Rules, Market Structure and Imperfect Information", American economic Review, Vol.68, Mar.
[108]Erin Holleran, Maury E.Bredahl, Lolcman Zaibet,1999, Private Incentives for Adopting Food Safety and Quality Assurance, Food Policy.
[109]Frank Tuzzolino; Barry R. Armandi,1981, "A Need-Hierarchy Framework for Assessing Corporate Social Responsibility", The Academy of Management Review, Vol.6.
[110]Freeman, R.E.,1984, Strategic Management, A Stakeholder Approach, Boston, MA: Pitman.
[111]Fairman, Robyn,1999, "A Commentary on'The Evolution of Environmental Health Risk Management:AUS Perspective'", Journal of Risk Research, Vol.2, Feb., pp101-15.
[112]Gunningham, Neil, P. Grabosky, and Darren Sinclair.1998, Smart Regulation, Oxford:Oxford Univ. Press, p238.
[113]Great Britain,1993, Advisory Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (ACSNI). Organizing for Safety[R]. London:HMSO, p245.
[114]Genn, Hazel,1993, "Business Responses to the Regulation of Health and Safety in England", Law & Policy, Vol.15, pp219-331.
[115]Gond, J-P, Kang, N and Moon, J.,2008,'Corporate Social Responsibility'in D Coen, W Grant and G Wilson eds, Oxford Handbook of Business and Government Oxford University Press.
[115]Gilles Parquet,1999, Governance through Social Learning, Ottawa:University of Ottawa Press.
[116]Howlett, M., & Ramesh, M.,1993, "Patterns of Policy Choice", Policy Studies Review, Dec, pp3-24.
[117]Hood, C.,1983, "Using Bureaucracy Sparingly", Public Administration, Vol.61, ppl97-208.
[118]Isabelle Maignan; David A. Ralston,2002, "Corporate Social Responsibility in Europe and the U.S.:Insights from Businesses Self-Presentations", Journal of International Business Studies, Vol.33, Mar.
[119]J.Kooiman,1993, Modem Governance—New Government—Society Interactions (2nd), London:Sage, P8.
[120]Kahn, A.E.,1979, The Economics of Regulation, New York:John Wiley Sons, Vol.Ⅱ, p.12.
[121]JohnM.Antle,1996, Efficient Food Safety Regulation in the Food Manufacturing, American Agricultural Economics Association, P12-43.
[122]Keith Davies,1960, Can Business Afford to Ignore Social Responsibilities? California Management Review.
[123]James E. Grunig,1979, "A New Measure of Public Opinions on Corporate Social Responsibility", the Academy of Management Journal, Vol.22, Apr.
[124]John C.Ruhnka & Heidi Boerstler,1998,"Governmental Incentives for Corporate Self-Regulation". Journal of Business Ethics, Vol.17, pp309-326.
[125]John L. Campbell,2007, "Why Would Corporations Behave In Socially Responsible Ways? An Institutional Theory of Corporate Social Responsibility", Academy of Management Review, Vol.32, Mar, pp946-967.
[126]Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN.
[127]Laura Albareda, Josep M. Lozano, Tamyko Ysa,2007, "Public Policies on Corporate Social Responsibility:The Role of Governments in Europe", Journal of Business Ethics, Vol.74,391-407.
[128]Laura Albareda,2008, "Corporate Responsibility, Governance and Accountability: from Self-regulation to Co-regulation", Corporate Governance, Vol.8, Apr., pp430-439
[129]Lave, L.B.1981, The Strategy of Social Regulation:Decision Frameworks for Policy [M], Washington, D.C.:The Brookings Institution.
[130]Laura Albareda,2008, "Corporate Responsibility, Governance and Accountability: from Self-regulation to Co-regulation", Corporate Governance, Vol.8, Apr., pp430-439.
[131]Lyon T, Maxwell J.,1999, "Voluntary Approaches to Environmental Regulation:A Survey", Working paper, Department of Business, Economics and Public Policy.
[132]M. Minogue,2002, "Governance-Based Analysis Of Regulation", Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Vol.73, Apr..
[133]Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).2002, Regulatory Policy in OECD Countries:From Interventionism to Regulatory Governance[R]. Paris:OECD.
[134]Ogus, Anthony, and Carolyn Abbot,2002, "Sanctions for Pollution:Do we have the Right Regime?" Journal of Environmental Law, Vol.14, Mar, pp283-98.
[135]Mendeloff, J.1979. Regulating Safety:An Economic and Political Analysis of Occupational Safety and Health Policy[M], Cambridge, MA:MIT Press.
[136]Palmer, E.,2001, "Multinational Corporations and the Social Contract", Journal of Business Ethics, Vol.31, Mar, pp245-258.
[137]Paul L. Joskow and Roger G. Noll.1981. Regulation in the theory and Practice:An Overview. Gary From (ed.), Studies in Public Regulation[C]. Cambridge:MIT Press.
[138]Prakash Sethi,1979, "A Conceptional of Framework for Environmental Analysis of Social Issues and Evaluation of Business Response Patterns", Academy of Management Review.
[139]R.Grimble and K. Wellard,1997, "Stakeholder Methodologies in Natural Resource Management:a Review of Principles, Contexts, Experiences and Opportunities", Agric. Syst.55, Feb., PP173-193.
[140]Rawls, John,1993, Political Liberalism, New York, NY:Columbia University Press, p26.
[141]Sinclair, Darren,1997, "Self-Regulation versus Command and Control? Beyond False Dichotomies", Law & Policy, Vol.19, pp527-591. Shavell, S.1984, "Liability for Harm versus Regulation of Safety", Journal of Legal Studies, Vol.13.
[142]Schwartz M S, Carroll A B,2003, "Corporate Social Responsibility:A Three Domain Approach", Business Ethics Quartly, Vol.13.
[143]Riliang Qu,2007, "Effects of Government Regulations, Market Orientation and Ownership Structure on Corporate Social Responsibility in China:An Empirical Study", International Journal of Management, Vol.24, Mar.
[144]Speneer Henson, Julie Caswell,1999, Food Safety Regulation:an Overview of Contemporary Issues, Food Policy.
[145]S.Zadek, J. Sabapathy, H. bossing and T. Swift,2003, Responsible Competitiveness: Corporate Responsibility Clusters in Action, The Copenhagen Centre & Account Ability.
[146]Tam, Henry,1998, Communitarianism:A New Agenda for Politics and Citizenship, New York:University Press, P105.
[147]Thomas F. McInerney,2006, Putting Regulation before Responsibility:Towards Binding Norms of Corporate Social Responsibility, http://law. bepress. Com/expresso /eps/1029. working paper.
[148]Thomas P. Lyon and John W. Maxwell,1999, "Corporate Environmental Strategies as Tools to Influence Regulation", Business Strategy and the Environment, Vol.8, ppl89-196.
[149]Thomas F.McInerney,2006, Putting Regulation before Responsibility:Towards Binding Norms of Corporate Social Responsibility, http://law. bepress. Com/expresso /eps/1029. working paper.
[150]Viscusi, W. Kip,1983, Risk by Choice:Regulation Health and Safety in the workplace, Cambridge MA:Harvard University Press.
[151]Viscusi, W. Kip,1984, Regulating Consumer Product Safety, Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Istitutitute.
[152]Virginia Haufler,2001, a Public Role for the Private Sector:Industry Self-regulation in a Global Economy, Carnegie Endowment.
[153]W. Kip Viscusi, John M. Vernon and Joseph E. Harrington, Jr.1998, Economics of Regulation and Antitrust,2nd ed. Cambridge:MIT Press.
[154]Williamson, O.E.,1985, the Institutions of Capitalism:Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting, New York:Free Press, PP47-48.
[155]Yapp, Charlotte, and Robyn Fairman (forthcoming), "Factors Affecting Food Safety Compliance within Small and Medium Sized Enterprises:Implications for Regulatory and Enforcement Strategies", Journal of Food Control, Vol.17, Jan., pp42-57.
[156]Zadek, S,2006, the Logic of Collaborative Governance:Corporate Responsibility, Accountability, and the Social Contract [A], in Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative working paper[C], No.17, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA,442.