土地整治规划尺度差异及统筹协调研究
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摘要
统筹协调不同尺度土地整治规划的编制和实施管理,对解决我国土地整治规划编制内容的上级与下级雷同、完善土地整治规划体系具有重要理论和现实意义。论文从土地整治功能分析入手,分析各级土地整治规划的尺度差异,明确了省市县三级土地整治规划功能定位和分工,从规划指标、空间等方面进行了不同尺度土地整治规划统筹协调。得到以下结论:
     (1)基于土地整治规划功能层次性,分析了规划的尺度差异。省级规划属于政策性引导规划,市级规划属于布局性规划,县级规划是指导县级土地整治活动的实施性文件。由于不同尺度规划功能、主体利益、基础数据的差异,使土地整治规划目标任务和内容存在着尺度差异。尺度越大,土地整治规划越侧重政策性与宏观调控;尺度越小,土地整治规划更侧重操作性和微观实施。
     (2)从目标任务、空间、项目几个方面,构建了不同尺度土地整治规划统筹配置模式。
     土地整治规划指标体系应层次分明、时空有序,上位规划目标任务控制下位规划相关指标。大尺度土地整治规划应提出相关约束指标,体现土地整治战略安排和政策引导;中尺度规划指标应体现区域土地整治功能与差别化土地整治方向;小尺度规划则着重空间落实,体现各指标对用地空间重构的影响。
     空间的统筹衔接应通过不同尺度土地整治分区的衔接来实现。省级规划应为地域综合分区,安排重大项目,体现对市级功能分区的引导;市级规划应为土地整治功能分区,安排重点项目,注重各分区间的统筹协调,体现其政策指导性;县级规划应在功能分区控制下,评价土地利用格局、质量及生态适宜性,分析各类型土地整治潜力与区域功能关系,划定整治项目区。
     (3)以浙江省为例,从指标分解、空间等方面进行了土地整治规划统筹协调的实证研究。
     以高标准基本农田分解为例进行了规划指标的分解,实现规划指标在尺度上的逐级控制与衔接。结果表明,省级指标分解主要影响因素是以基本农田面积和耕地质量为基础的粮食生产能力;市级指标分解除了受基本农田面积影响外,受整治潜力影响较大;县级指标分解主要受到景观尺度耕地及农村建设用地空间格局影响。产生影响的指标既体现对上位规划指标的承接,也体现本层次内部差异。
     使用自上而下、逐层控制的方法,划定不同层次土地整治分区,进行空间统筹协调。根据区域宏观差异,将浙江省划分为浙北水网平原区、浙西山地丘陵区等分区,明确各市不同功能分区政策与空间导向。进而依据嘉兴区内土地整治功能定位差异,将嘉兴市分为特色农业发展区、城镇优化整治区、湿地水网生态功能区等功能区。最后结合南湖区各类型土地整治潜力,划分高标准基本农田建设项目区、农村建设用地整理项目区、农村土地综合整治项目区等,指导土地整治项目合理安排。
Making and coordinating the formulation and implementation management of landconsolidation and rehabilitation planning of different levels are of important theoretical andpractical significance. From the functions of land consolidation and rehabilitation, the essayanalyzes the scale difference between land consolidation and rehabilitation planning ofdifferent levels, makes explicit the functional orientations and work division of landconsolidation and rehabilitation planning of provincial, city and county levels, and takingthe whole situation into consideration, coordinates land consolidation and rehabilitationplanning with different scales from the aspect of planning indicators and space. The essaycomes to the following conclusions:
     (1)Analyze planning scale difference on the basis of land consolidation andrehabilitation planning functions and hierarchy. The provincial planning guides the policyorientation. The city level planning is mainly about layout and overall arrangement. Andthe county level planning is more like an implementation document that guides landconsolidation and rehabilitation activities in the county. Due to the difference in functions,interest of stakeholders, basis data of plans with various scale, the aims and targets as wellas content of different plans are not the same. The larger scale of plan is, the more itemphasizes on policy making and macro-control. The smaller the scale of plan is, the moreit emphasizes on operability and micro-implementation.
     (2) Establish the configuration of land consolidation and rehabilitation plans ofdifferent scale as a whole from the aspects of aims and targets, space and projects.
     The land consolidation and rehabilitation indicator system should have clear gradationand good space-time arrangement. The aims and targets set in the plans of higher level shallcontrol relevant indicators in the plans of lower levels. Large scale land consolidation andrehabilitation plan shall put forward relevant restraining indicators, reflecting landconsolidation and rehabilitation strategic arrangement and policy guiding. Medium scaleplan indicators shall reflect land consolidation and rehabilitation zone functions and variousorientations. Small scale plan shall emphasize space implementation, reflecting impacts ofeach indicator on land utilization space rearrangement.
     Overall space connection should be accomplished through the connection of differentscale’s land consolidation and rehabilitation zones. Plans at province level shall dividezones comprehensively, arranging important projects, embodying guidance on functionzone partition of cities; city plans shall make functions zone partition of land consolidationand rehabilitation, arranging important projects, laying stress on the overall coordinationand arrangement of all partition zones, embodying the nature of policy guiding; under thecontrol of functional partition of zones, evaluating land use pattern,quality and ecologicalsuitability, analyzing the relationship between different type’s land consolidation andrehabilitation potential and zone functions, delimiting land consolidation and rehabilitation project zones.
     (3)Taking Zhejiang province as example, carry out land consolidation andrehabilitation planning overall coordination empirical study from the aspects of indexdecomposition and space.
     Taking capital farmland decomposition as example, carry out decomposition ofplanning indexes, realizing gradual scale control and connection of planning indexes.Results prove that main influence factors of provincial indicators are grain productioncapacity based on capital farmland areas and cultivated land quality; apart from affected bycapital farmland area, city index decomposition, affected also by consolidation potential;county indexes decomposition affected mainly by landscape scale cultivated land and ruralconstruction land. The affecting index not only embody continue of higher level planningindexes, but also internal difference of its own level.
     Taking method of from top to bottom, layer by layer control, delimiting differentlevels’ land consolidation and rehabilitation zone partition, carry out overall coordination ofspace. According to zone macro difference, dividing Zhejiang province into ZheBeiShuiWang plain zone, ZheXi mountainous and hills zone and so on. Make sure policy andspace orientation of different fictional zone partition. And then according to landconsolidation and rehabilitation position disparity in Jiaxing, dividing Jiaxing city intofeatured agriculture development zone, cities and towns optimizing consolidation zone, andwet land and waters ecological function zone. Finally combining different kind’s landconsolidation and rehabilitation potential of Nanhu district, delimit capital farmlandconstruction project zone, rural construction land consolidation project zone, and rural landcomprehensive consolidation project zone, directing reasonable arrangement of landconsolidation and rehabilitation projects.
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