摘要
电信业作为国家的基础行业,一直承担着国民经济发展和社会信息化建设的重要任务,其自身的发展越来越融入经济社会发展中。作为一个与经济生活密切相关的支柱行业,电信业承担着为每个公民提供通信普遍服务的职责。经过这些年的电信业改革,国有企业本身所具有的社会与经济双重职能,使其存有公益性与竞争性的双重形态。电信企业作为央企,需要承担一定的社会责任,同时,电信企业又作为上市企业,需要承担一定的市场责任,如何平衡电信企业在经济发展中的社会责任和市场责任具有十分重要的作用。
目前对电信业的公益性测算和社会价值创造评估的研究还相对较少,特别是对如何测量电信行业公益性?如何度量电信行业公益性价值?以及公益性价值水平是否影响社会价值创造?这些都是分析电信业公益性成分和电信企业双重形态特征的关键问题。因此,本文将研究对象聚焦在电信业公益性变化和电信业价值创造上,对电信业公益性水平进行定量分析,对电信业价值创造因素进行价值评估。
在历年国家统计数据的基础上,本文测算了中国电信市场改革的公益性变化,同时,在问卷调查的基础上,运用因果研究和结构方程模型考察电信价值水平与社会价值创造之间的关系。
本文研究的主要结论包括以下三点：
一.自2004年以来,中国电信市场经历了2个持续的市场公益性增进过程,平均公益指数达到0.70以上,这意味着中国电信市场的改革至少取得了最大化上的成功。从电信市场的产量和利润来看,中国电信市场至少取得了经济效益上的巨大成功；从消费者福利方面来看,七年间消费者福利从712亿元增长到1552亿元,人们群众获得了巨大的增长福利；从社会外在效益方面来看,电信业作为国家基础产业,对其他部门和社会产生了巨大的推动和带动作用,间接作用效果达到2.52倍。
二.结合理论分析和文献来源,本研究搜集电信业公益性价值水平的初始项目,最后选取8个条目分别随机排列,构成初始的公益性价值水平问卷。通过对121名四川通信管理局的工作人员进行预试问卷调查,并对搜集的数据进行项目分析和探索性因子分析,最后形成6个条目的公益性价值水平正式调查问卷。
本研究随后对389名来自5个不同机构的员工进行问卷调查。并将这些有效样本随机分半,一半用于探索性因素分析(n=195),一半样本用于验证性因素分析(n=194)。探索性因素分析表明问卷为两维结构,累计解释方差为72.16%,并支持预试的两因素模型。而验证性因子分析表明,预试和探索性因素分析提出的公益性价值水平两维结构满足统计要求,并且拟合相对更好。本研究将公益性价值水平的两维结构分别命名为：消费者公益水平和社会外在公益水平。
三.本研究对389名来自5家不同机构的人员进行问卷调查,并使用结构方程技术分别考察了电信业价值水平四个维度对社会价值创造水平的影响。研究结果表明：“功能价值”和“公益性价值”正向影响社会价值创造水平,并且,“价值共享”分别调节了价值评估水平对社会价值创造的影响。“空间价值”与“成本价值”对社会价值创造有无显著影响主要看研究对象的发展状况特征。除了功能价值和公益性价值外,语音服务还能够在空间价值和成本价值两个方面具有社会创造价值,而宽带服务能够在空间价值方面具有社会创造价值,信息化服务能够在成本价值方面具有社会价值创造。语音服务、宽带服务和信息化服务三个模型的社会价值创造水平因子解释度都超过了65%。结果满足了因变量R2最小60%的要求。
研究结论表明,电信改革进一步发展的背景下,不仅行业改革带来的市场公益性具有十分重要的价值,而且公益性也在消费者价值感知水平上对社会价值创造水平具有显著的因果效应,最终基于电信公益性的社会价值创造模型能够更加清晰地解析社会价值创造行为。
具体而言,本论文存在以下四个创新点：
一.提出了行业公益性测算标准—公益性指数,并创建了电信业社会价值创造水平模型。
二.提出了联合价值评估方法,通过该交叉测量方法,验证价值评估对社会价值创造的影响。
三.编制了电信业公益性价值水平二维测量量表。
四.针对电信行业进行了公益性变化测量以及社会价值创造研究,为其他国有行业的公益性分析提供了重要的参考价值。
Telecommunications industry as the basic industry of the country, has been taking an important task of the development of national economy and social informatization construction, its development is more and more integrated into the economic and social development. As a pillar industry closely related to the economic life, the telecommunications industry has the responsibilities of providing every citizen with telecommunication universal service. After years of reform in telecommunications industry, social and economic dual function possessed by state-owned enterprise itself makes its have dual forms of public welfare and competitive. As a state enterprise, telecom operator needs take a certain social responsibility, at the same time, as a listed company, it needs take a certain market responsibility. How to balance the social responsibility and market responsibility of telecom enterprises has a very important role on the economic and social development.
The research on measurement of public welfare and evaluation of the social value creation in the telecom industry "is relatively weak, especially how to measure public welfare nature of telecom industry? How to measure the telecom industry public welfare value? And whether public welfare value influences social value creation? These are key issues of analysis on public welfare components of telecom industry and the telecom enterprises double morphological characteristics. So this article will focus on the telecommunications industry, public welfare change and value creation in telecom industry, and carry on the quantitative analysis on public welfare level of telecommunication industry and carry on value evaluation on the impact factors from telecommunications industry value creation.
On the basis of statistical data in China, this article estimates the public welfare change after telecom market reform in China, at the same time, on the basis of questionnaire survey, the research use causality and structural equation model to investigate the relationship between the telecom value and social value creation.
The main conclusions include three points:
1. Since2004, China's telecom market has experienced two continued market public welfare improve process, above average public welfare index is more than0.70, which means China's telecom market reforms have made maximum success. From the point of telecom market production and profits, China's telecom market at least has achieved great success on the economic benefits; From the consumer welfare perspective, consumer welfare increased from71.2billion yuan to71.2billion yuan in seven years, people obtain the huge welfare growth; From social external benefit, as a national basic industries, telecommunications industry has had the huge boost to other departments and the social and leading role, the indirect effect is2.52times.
2. Combining the theory analysis and information sources the research gathers the initial item of public welfare value levels in telecommunication industry, then, eight items are random selected respectively to form the initial public welfare value questionnaire. Through the pilot questionnaire test on121staff in sichuan communication administration, and items analysis and exploratory factor analysis on collect data, the research finally formed public welfare value formal questionnaire including six items.
This study carries on the questionnaire survey on389employees from five different organizations. And the effective sample is randomly individed, one half samples are for exploratory factor analysis (n=195), other half samples are for confirmatory factor analysis (n=194). Exploratory factor analysis showed that the questionnaire includes two-dimensional structure, and accumulative variance explained degree reaches72.16%, and supports the model. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that two-dimensional structure satisfies the requirement of statistics, and fitting is relatively better. This study names the two-dimensional structure of public welfare value levels:the consumer public welfare level and social external public welfare level.
3. This study carries on the questionnaire survey on389employees from five different organizations, and use structural equation to inspect respectively that the influence on social value creation level by four dimensions of telecommunications industry value level. The research results show that "function value" and "public welfare value" in the value evaluation positively influence on society value creation level, and "sharing of value" regulates the value evaluation's influence on social value creation level. Whether "Space value" and "cost value" have significant influence on society value creation mainly depend on the development characteristics of the study object. In addition to the functional value and public welfare value, the space value and cost value have effects on social value creation in voice services, and the space value has effect on social value creation in broadband service, and cost value has effect on social value creation in informatization services. In three models of voice services, broadband services and informatization, service factors explain degree of social value creation level is over65%. The results meet the requirements that the R2value of dependent variable is high than60%.
(3) Telecom function value level, public welfare value level, space value level and technical level of value significantly affect social value creation level, public welfare level have direct affect and related degree.
The study results show, on the background of telecommunications reform and further development, not only the market public welfare caused by the industry reform has very important value, and public welfare value has also significant causal effect on the social value creation level from consumer value perception level, finally the social value creation model based on telecom service is easy to analysis social public welfare value creation behavior in the telecoms industry.
引文
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