摘要
本研究以半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther)为实验材料,通过一系列对比实验,探讨了循环水养殖模式相对于流水养殖模式的优越性,初步确定了半滑舌鳎循环水系统最优生产工艺和最佳经济运行参数。对循环水养殖模式下半滑舌鳎的生长、生理及发育适应性特点进行了研究,初步确定了其最佳放养密度。并运用经济学方法及能值理论分析方法对两种养殖模式的养殖效果及可持续性进行了评价。主要研究结果如下：
1.半滑舌鳎成鱼流水养殖模式与循环水养殖模式下养殖差异分析研究
循环水养殖模式较流水养殖模式更具优势,同等条件下,成活率能提升10%,生长速度能提升20%,大规格养殖鱼种养殖周期可缩短2个月以上；循环水养殖模式下养殖对象较流水养殖模式下生理性能、免疫能力更具优越性；循环水养殖模式组性腺发育比流水养殖模式组提前一个月,说明循环水养殖模式为性腺发育提供了更好的水质条件,在亲鱼培养上具有优势；流水养殖模式组在粗蛋白、氨基酸、PUFA上占优势,但在粗脂肪、MUFA上循环水养殖模式明显占优,说明循环水养殖模式优越的水质环境更适合半滑舌鳎的育肥。
2.半滑舌鳎循环水养殖系统的生产工艺优化研究
在封闭式循环水养殖系统中宜采用紫外线后置的水处理工艺；臭氧在处理循环水养殖水体时,建议在工艺中最佳的投加位置是在生物滤池后端,水中的最佳氧化还原电位控制在356mv左右；循环水系统生物滤池气水比的最佳运行参数为1.25：1；本实验条件下,日循环系数为18次时,水质处理效果和养殖水环境达到最佳。
3.工厂化循环水养殖模式半滑舌鳎成鱼最佳放养密度的研究
本实验条件下,循环水养殖模式初始放养210条的处理组取得了最佳的养殖效果,月平均成活率98.72%,月增重为0.1526kg/条,经7个月的养殖,可达到23.03kg/m3的单位产量；循环水养殖模式四密度组月成活率在94.29%-100%之间,月增重均在2.5两／条之上,说明循环水养殖模式提供的水质环境,可以极大地挖掘半滑舌鳎的生长潜力,尤其是处于快速生长期的大规格鱼种,其养殖周期会被缩短28.57%,其产量可以提高一倍；循环水养殖模式下,半滑舌鳎的生理性能、免疫能力均处于较佳状况,在抵御病害、减少用药,提高鱼肉风味品质方面均具有极大的竞争力。
4.半滑舌鳎流水养殖模式和循环水养殖模式经济效能与生态能值对比研究
循环水养殖模式相比于流水养殖模式可节电54.55%,节煤93%,节水98%,节水节能效果显著；循环水养殖模式对环境的依赖性较弱,体现了较高的生产程度,养殖效果优势显著,相比于流水养殖模式,具有更好的抗风险能力；流水养殖模式利用34.77%的环境能值投入进行养殖生产,极大地利用了自然环境的无偿投入,曾经焕发巨大的生命活力,但随着10多年的对地下水及地热资源的无序利用,已对环境生态系统造成巨大破坏,是人类生产方式对环境质量破坏的一种典型积累效应；循环水养殖模式环境能值投入只占比1.08%,EYR高于流水养殖模式,ELR为0.3134,表明其可持续性和环境容纳量均较高,可极大地减轻对环境的压力,给地下水和地热资源的自我修复提供休养生息的时间。
This research take Cynoglossus semilaevis Giinther as experimental material, by means of a serious of contrast experiment, discuss the superiority of recirculating aquaculture mode to flow through aquaculture mode, preliminary confirm the superiority technology process and optimum economic operating parameter.The adaptability characteristic in growth, physiology and development of Cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther in recirculating aquaculture mode, preliminary confirm the optimum stocking density. Also evaluate the aquaculture effect and environmental sustainability with economics and emergy theoretical analysis method. Main research result as follows:
1.Breeding variance analysis of Cynoglossus semilaevis adult fish in recirculating and flow through aquaculture mode
1) Recirculating aquaculture mode has more superiority than flow through aquaculture mode, the survival rate can promote10%, growth rate can promote20%, and2month was saved with adult fish aquaculture period on equal conditions.2)Aquaculture object have more superiority in physiology performance and immunocompetence in recirculating aquaculture mode than in flow through aquaculture mode.3) Cynoglossus semilaevis development in recirculating aquaculture mode1month earlier than flow through aquaculture mode.That means recirculating aquaculture mode provide better water condition, have superority in parent fish rearing.4) Flow through aquaculture mode has obvious superiority in crude protein, amino acid and PUFA, while recirculating aquaculture mode has obvious superiority in crude fat and MUFA, that means recirculating aquaculture mode is more suit for Cynoglossus semilaevis's fatten.
2.The research of optimization of production process in Cynoglossus semilaevis recirculating aquaculture system
1)UV-device postposition is suitable for closed recirculating aquaculture system.2)Perfect ozone addition positon is after biofilter and best ORP is356mv in water.3)The best gas water ratio in biofilter in recirculating aquaculture system is1.25:1.4)In this experiment condition, water treatment effect and aquaculture environment are best when daily circulation times is18.
3. The research of optimum stocking density of Cynoglossus semilaevis adult fish in recirculating aquaculture mode
1)In this experimental condition,the intial stocking density210group got the best Breeding effect, the month average survival rate is98.72%, month average weitht gain rate is0.1526kg/pcs, after7months breeding, per volume output is23.03kg/m3.2) The month survival rate of Cynoglossus semilaevis in recirculating aquaculture mode was in94.29-100%,weitht gain rate was above125g/pcs,. The water entainment recirculating aquaculture mode offered can vastly excavate Cynoglossus semilaevis's growth potential,especially in fast growth period adult fish, in recirculating aquaculture mode, the breeding period can be greatly shoreten and producation output can be double.3)In recirculating aquaculture mode, Cynoglossus semilaevis have more operiority in physiology performance and immunocompetence, it has great competitiveness in resist illness,reduce medicine and promote fish aroma and quality.
4. The contrast research of economic efficiency and ecological emergy of Cynoglossus semilaevis adult fish in recirculating and flow through aquaculture mode
1)The recirculating aquculture mode can save electricity54.55%,coal93%,water98%,have notable water and energy conservation effect.2)The recirculating aquaculture mode have week realable on environment, show a higher production degree, have a obvious superiority in breeding effect, have a better resist risk ability.3)The flow through aquaculture mode make use of34.77%environment emergy investment, once showed a great life vitality, but with10years of disorder utilize of underground water and terrestrial heat, have caused huge destroy to environment ecosystem, which is a kind of typical accumulating effect human being production pattern's destroy to environment quality.4)Envirnment emergy investment is only1.08%in recirculating aquaculture mode, EYR is higher than flow through aquaculture mode and ELR is0.3134, which showed a higher environmental sustainability and capacity, can greatly alleviate the pressure of environment,provide rehabilitate time of under ground water and terrestrial heat resource.
引文
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