摘要
我国是世界铁矿石市场上最大的进口国,近些年来我国进口铁矿石的价格-路走高,压缩了我国钢铁企业的盈利空间,使我国钢厂不堪重负,同时我国也面临着铁矿石运输权大部分控制在国外的船公司或国外的货主手中的难题。另一方面,2008年金融危机对世界航运市场造成了巨大的冲击,金融危机之后航运市场一直处于供大于求的局面,全球的航运企业面临着严峻挑战。在目前航运市场低迷、运力严重过剩的情况下,全球最大的铁矿石供应商却开始着手推行大船计划,自建巨型船队,将对铁矿石供应链产生深远影响。
本文针对铁矿石供应商在航运市场低迷时期建造使用巨型船舶这一行为进行了综合性的分析。首先分析了干散货海运市场的基本情况以及船舶大型化的发展历程；然后从铁矿石供应链节点和整体两方面分析了船舶大型化对铁矿石供应链造成的影响,并基于战略层、战术层以及操作层三个层次具体而全面地探究了铁矿石供应链目前存在的主要问题；最后针对供应不平衡、相关企业之间未形成有效合作以及成本变化问题分别构建了三个层面的优化模型,并就模型的分析结果,提出相应的对策建议。
通过本文的研究得出了铁矿石供应商主导的船舶大型化对我国的钢铁企业、航运业、港口等相关企业的影响,从定量和定性两方面分析得到了船舶大型化对铁矿石供应链的发展影响,系统全面地探究了在货主主导的船舶大型化背景下如何保证我国铁矿石进口安全性及促进相关产业提高自身实力的对策方案。
China is the biggest importor in world iron ore market. Nowadays, the iron ore import price has been increasing substantially and it has sqeezed the profit space of domestic steel mills and has put great pressure on their business. Meanwhile, we are facing the losing of transportation for iron ore import to foreign shipping companies or cargo owners. However, the financial crisis in2008had left a shipping market with over transportation capacity and more shipping service supply. Under this fierce circumstance, the biggeast iron ore producer in the world begins to build very-large ore ships to make VLOC fleet.
To study the impact of large bulk ships on domestic iron ore supply chain, this paper combines the analysis of Chinese shipping market and iron ore market with supply chain risk analysis, game theory and cost analysis method to investigate the iron ore producer's large scale ship's effect on steel industy, shipping industry, and port distribution from different respects. At last, it comes to a conclusion about the large ship's effect on our iron ore import safety and the stratagies to improve supply chain import security.
From the analysis, we can get a sound knowledge about how bulk ship scale up can affect our steel mills, shipping industry and port industry. From quality and quantify aspect this article get the impact on the whole development of iron ore supply chain. How to fulfill iron ore import security under bulk ship scale up has been studied systematically and lead to the counterplan to promote shipping industry and other industy cooperation.
引文
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