隧道施工含水构造激发极化定量超前地质预报理论及其应用
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摘要
目前我国已经成为世界上隧道(洞)修建数量最多、规模最大、发展速度最快的国家,与此同时,复杂的地质条件和频发的地质灾害成为地下工程施工期面临的巨大挑战。其中,突涌水灾害给隧道(洞)施工带来了巨大的经济损失、重大的人员伤亡与恶劣的社会影响,对地表及隧址区水资源和生态环境造成了不可修复的破坏。突涌水灾害源(含水地质构造)的超前探测理论与技术已经成为隧道等地下工程建设亟待解决的关键科学难题。针对以上难题,提出多同性源阵列激发极化超前探测新方法,并对孔中阵列激发极化观测模式进行探讨,以含水构造的三维反演成像与水量预测的相关理论、方法为目标内容,并引入约束联合反演思想,以基于约束联合反演的综合超前探测方法为结合点,形成多同性源阵列激发极化法隧道含水构造超前探测综合定量识别方法,并在物理模型试验与现场工程中得到应用,取得一系列的研究成果：
(1)针对传统激发极化探测方法存在旁侧干扰严重,且无法适用于TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine全断面隧道掘进机)施工隧道的问题,提出了激发极化超前探测的多同性源阵列型新观测模式,揭示了多同性源电极供电的后向屏蔽与前向聚焦作用机制,并对孔中阵列激发极化观测方式进行了探讨,优选出了最佳阵列电极观测方式,揭示了激发极化法对典型含水地质构造的响应特征,提高了抗旁侧干扰能力与超前探测能力,从多同性源观测模式与孔中阵列观测模式的技术特点来看,其可同时适用于钻爆法与TBM施工环境。
(2)针对线性反演方法对初始模型依赖性大、非线性方法搜索效率低的问题,基于观测数据加权函数与模型深度加权函数,提出了基于加权函数的最小二乘反演方法；同时,将电阻率光滑约束与轨迹光滑约束引入到蚁群反演中,提高了蚁群算法的搜索效率,建立了线性反演方法与非线性反演方法相结合的混合反演方法,解决了由于隧道掌子面狭小探测空间而导致反演深度分辨率差的难题,实现了隧道含水构造的三维反演成像。
(3)针对多解性这一地球物理探测固有难题,采用已知地质体形态信息作为先验约束的思想,研究已知先验信息约束联合反演模型构制方法与约束反演方法,提出了空间形态约束反演与空间结构约束反演方法,将地震波法、电磁法以及地质分析方法确定地质体形态作为已知先验信息约束,并施加到激发极化约束反演方程中,形成了以激发极化约束联合反演为载体的隧道综合超前探测方法,实现了对多个含水构造边界识别、三维形态刻画,为降低隧道超前地质探测中的多解性,实现多元地球物理信息融合与联合反演找到一条可行有效的途径。
(4)研制了多路大电流恒流供电与多通道同步采集的激发极化仪器—GEI综合电法仪,实现了6路大电流恒流输出与8通道数据同步采集；研发了满足多地球物理场超前探测模拟的相似材料,开发了兼容多种地球物理探测方法的大型综合超前探测试验装置,尺寸长17m×宽8.4m×高6.7m,可模拟溶洞、暗河、断层等多种含水地质构造探测,满足地震波法、电磁法、电法等多种地球物理方法探测的要求。
(5)针对含水构造水量定量探测难题,基于电化学与传质动力学基本理论,建立激发极化电场-浓度场-离子流场耦合关系方程,研究岩石孔隙模型中离子浓度的不同时刻的运移规律,阐明了激发极化二电流半衰时之差探测水量的微观机理；通过开展典型含水构造超前探测物理模型试验,揭示了激发极化衰减特性与含水体水量的相关关系,建立了激发极化隧道含水构造超前探测水量估算模型与方法。
(6)综合隧道激发极化法三维反演成像方法与水量估算方法,形成了激发极化法隧道含水构造超前探测综合定量识别方法,研究成果应用于宜巴高速马家坡隧道、石门垭隧道等工程实践中,验证了激发极化隧道含水构造超前探测综合定量识别方法与技术的有效性与实用性。
Nowadays China has already developed into a country which has the greatest number and largest scale of tunnels, as well as, the fastest growing pace, in the meanwhile, its complicated geological condition and frequent geological disasters have become a great challenge for underground construction period as well. Water inrush brings enormous loss to economy, vital injury to personnel, adverse impact to the society, and irreparable damage to surface and tunnel zone water source and the environment. Advanced forecast theory and technology of water inrush and mud burst disaster source (geological water-bearing structure) have become the key urgent scientific problems, which need to be solved for tunnel construction. To solve the above problems, Advanced forecast theory and technology of water inrush and mud burst disaster source (geological water-bearing structure) have become a key scientific problem which urgently needs to be resolved. To solve the problems above, new multi-isotropic source array and hole-array induced polarization advanced forecast method, which with the core content of relevant theory and method of3D imaging and water forecast for water-bearing structure, has been proposed. Constrained joint inversion ideology has been involved in the theory, which combines with comprehensive advanced forecast method based on constrained joint inversion. Multi-isotropic source array induced polarization advanced forecast comprehensive quantitative recognition method has formed which is for water-bearing structure during construction, and has been applied in physical model test and field engineering. A range of innovative research results have been achieved:
(1) According to the problem that traditional induced polarization forecast method may seriously interference the flank and is not available for TBM tunnel construction, new multi-isotropic source array induced polarization advanced forecast method is put forward. Multi-isotropic source mechanism that shielding interference behind and focusing on the front of the tunnel face is revealed. And hole-array induced polarization is also investigated. The response characteristics of typical geological water-bearing structure has been developed, and optimum way of array electrode observation has been revealed. Anti interference and advanced forecast ability are increases, which is suitable for drilling and blasting method and TBM method tunnel.
(2) To solve the problem that the linear inversion method is sensitive to initial model and low search efficiency of non-linear method, the least squares inversion method has been put forward based on observational data weighted function and model depth weighted function. At the same time, introducing resistivity smooth constraint and track smooth constraint to the ant colony inversion has improved the latter's search efficiency, established the method which combines linear and non-linear method, the tough problem that poor depth resolution for narrow tunnel face forecast space inversion, hence, has been worked out.3D inversion imaging of water-bearing structure in tunnel has been realized.
(3) To solve the inherent geophysical detection problem of multiplicity of solution, spatial structure constrained inversion method has been suggested, by using the ideology of taking known information as priori constraint. Studying constrained joint inversion model construct method with known priori information, spatial shape and structure constraint inversion method are put forward. By using the deterministic result generated from seismic wave method, electromagnetic method and geological analysis method as known priori constraint information, and adding its result into induced polarization constrained inversion equation, the tunnel comprehensive advanced forecast method on the carrier of induced polarization constrained joint inversion is established. Multiple water-bearing structure boundary identification and3D shape characterization be realized. It provides a practical method to simplify multiple geophysical data information fusion and joint inversion.
(4) Induced polarization instrument-GEI comprehensive electric instrument has been successfully developed. Multi-channel high constant current technology and multi-channel synchronous acquisition technology have been realized. Therefore, six-channel high constant current output and eight-channel synchronous data acquisition are realized. Multiple geophysical fields' similar material is developed. Large-scale comprehensive advanced forecast test device, compatible with a variety of geophysical detection methods, has been developed. Dimensions is17m (length)×8.4m (width)×6.7m (height). This platform can simulate caves, underground rivers and faults etc. multiple geological water-bearing structure detection, and multiple geophysical detection requests can be satisfied, like seismic method, electromagnetic method and electric method.
(5) To solve the tough problem of water-bearing structure quantitative detection of water, induced polarization electric field, concentration field, ion flow field coupling equation is established based on the electrochemical and mass transfer kinetics theories. Migration law of ion concentration in pore model is studied, it is revealed that microscopic mechanism of induced polarization water detection based on half-life time difference of the two current. Through carrying out typical water-bearing structure advanced detection physical model test, the relationship between induced polarization attenuation characteristics and water volume of water-bearing structure is revealed. The model and method of water-bearing structure quantitative forecast of water are established based on induced polarization method.
(6) Comprehensive induced polarization3D inversion imaging method and water forecast method,3D position and water forecast tunnel technology system is established. Research achievements have been used in Yiba highway Majiapo tunnel, Shimenya tunnel engineering prediction. The feasibility and applicability of the identification method and technology, which is comprehensive advanced forecast for water-bearing structure in tunnel based on induced polarization method, is validated.
(1)针对传统激发极化探测方法存在旁侧干扰严重,且无法适用于TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine全断面隧道掘进机)施工隧道的问题,提出了激发极化超前探测的多同性源阵列型新观测模式,揭示了多同性源电极供电的后向屏蔽与前向聚焦作用机制,并对孔中阵列激发极化观测方式进行了探讨,优选出了最佳阵列电极观测方式,揭示了激发极化法对典型含水地质构造的响应特征,提高了抗旁侧干扰能力与超前探测能力,从多同性源观测模式与孔中阵列观测模式的技术特点来看,其可同时适用于钻爆法与TBM施工环境。
(2)针对线性反演方法对初始模型依赖性大、非线性方法搜索效率低的问题,基于观测数据加权函数与模型深度加权函数,提出了基于加权函数的最小二乘反演方法；同时,将电阻率光滑约束与轨迹光滑约束引入到蚁群反演中,提高了蚁群算法的搜索效率,建立了线性反演方法与非线性反演方法相结合的混合反演方法,解决了由于隧道掌子面狭小探测空间而导致反演深度分辨率差的难题,实现了隧道含水构造的三维反演成像。
(3)针对多解性这一地球物理探测固有难题,采用已知地质体形态信息作为先验约束的思想,研究已知先验信息约束联合反演模型构制方法与约束反演方法,提出了空间形态约束反演与空间结构约束反演方法,将地震波法、电磁法以及地质分析方法确定地质体形态作为已知先验信息约束,并施加到激发极化约束反演方程中,形成了以激发极化约束联合反演为载体的隧道综合超前探测方法,实现了对多个含水构造边界识别、三维形态刻画,为降低隧道超前地质探测中的多解性,实现多元地球物理信息融合与联合反演找到一条可行有效的途径。
(4)研制了多路大电流恒流供电与多通道同步采集的激发极化仪器—GEI综合电法仪,实现了6路大电流恒流输出与8通道数据同步采集；研发了满足多地球物理场超前探测模拟的相似材料,开发了兼容多种地球物理探测方法的大型综合超前探测试验装置,尺寸长17m×宽8.4m×高6.7m,可模拟溶洞、暗河、断层等多种含水地质构造探测,满足地震波法、电磁法、电法等多种地球物理方法探测的要求。
(5)针对含水构造水量定量探测难题,基于电化学与传质动力学基本理论,建立激发极化电场-浓度场-离子流场耦合关系方程,研究岩石孔隙模型中离子浓度的不同时刻的运移规律,阐明了激发极化二电流半衰时之差探测水量的微观机理；通过开展典型含水构造超前探测物理模型试验,揭示了激发极化衰减特性与含水体水量的相关关系,建立了激发极化隧道含水构造超前探测水量估算模型与方法。
(6)综合隧道激发极化法三维反演成像方法与水量估算方法,形成了激发极化法隧道含水构造超前探测综合定量识别方法,研究成果应用于宜巴高速马家坡隧道、石门垭隧道等工程实践中,验证了激发极化隧道含水构造超前探测综合定量识别方法与技术的有效性与实用性。
Nowadays China has already developed into a country which has the greatest number and largest scale of tunnels, as well as, the fastest growing pace, in the meanwhile, its complicated geological condition and frequent geological disasters have become a great challenge for underground construction period as well. Water inrush brings enormous loss to economy, vital injury to personnel, adverse impact to the society, and irreparable damage to surface and tunnel zone water source and the environment. Advanced forecast theory and technology of water inrush and mud burst disaster source (geological water-bearing structure) have become the key urgent scientific problems, which need to be solved for tunnel construction. To solve the above problems, Advanced forecast theory and technology of water inrush and mud burst disaster source (geological water-bearing structure) have become a key scientific problem which urgently needs to be resolved. To solve the problems above, new multi-isotropic source array and hole-array induced polarization advanced forecast method, which with the core content of relevant theory and method of3D imaging and water forecast for water-bearing structure, has been proposed. Constrained joint inversion ideology has been involved in the theory, which combines with comprehensive advanced forecast method based on constrained joint inversion. Multi-isotropic source array induced polarization advanced forecast comprehensive quantitative recognition method has formed which is for water-bearing structure during construction, and has been applied in physical model test and field engineering. A range of innovative research results have been achieved:
(1) According to the problem that traditional induced polarization forecast method may seriously interference the flank and is not available for TBM tunnel construction, new multi-isotropic source array induced polarization advanced forecast method is put forward. Multi-isotropic source mechanism that shielding interference behind and focusing on the front of the tunnel face is revealed. And hole-array induced polarization is also investigated. The response characteristics of typical geological water-bearing structure has been developed, and optimum way of array electrode observation has been revealed. Anti interference and advanced forecast ability are increases, which is suitable for drilling and blasting method and TBM method tunnel.
(2) To solve the problem that the linear inversion method is sensitive to initial model and low search efficiency of non-linear method, the least squares inversion method has been put forward based on observational data weighted function and model depth weighted function. At the same time, introducing resistivity smooth constraint and track smooth constraint to the ant colony inversion has improved the latter's search efficiency, established the method which combines linear and non-linear method, the tough problem that poor depth resolution for narrow tunnel face forecast space inversion, hence, has been worked out.3D inversion imaging of water-bearing structure in tunnel has been realized.
(3) To solve the inherent geophysical detection problem of multiplicity of solution, spatial structure constrained inversion method has been suggested, by using the ideology of taking known information as priori constraint. Studying constrained joint inversion model construct method with known priori information, spatial shape and structure constraint inversion method are put forward. By using the deterministic result generated from seismic wave method, electromagnetic method and geological analysis method as known priori constraint information, and adding its result into induced polarization constrained inversion equation, the tunnel comprehensive advanced forecast method on the carrier of induced polarization constrained joint inversion is established. Multiple water-bearing structure boundary identification and3D shape characterization be realized. It provides a practical method to simplify multiple geophysical data information fusion and joint inversion.
(4) Induced polarization instrument-GEI comprehensive electric instrument has been successfully developed. Multi-channel high constant current technology and multi-channel synchronous acquisition technology have been realized. Therefore, six-channel high constant current output and eight-channel synchronous data acquisition are realized. Multiple geophysical fields' similar material is developed. Large-scale comprehensive advanced forecast test device, compatible with a variety of geophysical detection methods, has been developed. Dimensions is17m (length)×8.4m (width)×6.7m (height). This platform can simulate caves, underground rivers and faults etc. multiple geological water-bearing structure detection, and multiple geophysical detection requests can be satisfied, like seismic method, electromagnetic method and electric method.
(5) To solve the tough problem of water-bearing structure quantitative detection of water, induced polarization electric field, concentration field, ion flow field coupling equation is established based on the electrochemical and mass transfer kinetics theories. Migration law of ion concentration in pore model is studied, it is revealed that microscopic mechanism of induced polarization water detection based on half-life time difference of the two current. Through carrying out typical water-bearing structure advanced detection physical model test, the relationship between induced polarization attenuation characteristics and water volume of water-bearing structure is revealed. The model and method of water-bearing structure quantitative forecast of water are established based on induced polarization method.
(6) Comprehensive induced polarization3D inversion imaging method and water forecast method,3D position and water forecast tunnel technology system is established. Research achievements have been used in Yiba highway Majiapo tunnel, Shimenya tunnel engineering prediction. The feasibility and applicability of the identification method and technology, which is comprehensive advanced forecast for water-bearing structure in tunnel based on induced polarization method, is validated.
引文
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