摘要
脆性是陶瓷材料的致命缺陷，表现为陶瓷材料在承受外加应力时会突然断裂，断裂前几乎没有塑性变形。陶瓷脆性是由于滑移系统难以在离子键或共价键组成的多晶结构中移动造成的。非晶陶瓷是近年来发现的一种改善陶瓷脆性的新途径。非晶陶瓷中原子长程无序排列，因而结构中不存在位错、晶界等缺陷，有效的避免了晶态陶瓷材料形变时结构的限制。本论文对Al2O3-ZrO2、Al2O3-SiO2和Al2O3-MgO三种非晶陶瓷中温下的压缩形变及温度、晶相对形变的影响进行了分析。非晶陶瓷的制备分为非晶粉体制备和非晶粉体热压成型。非晶粉体通过适当温度煅烧前驱体制备，成型则选择六面顶高压热压成型。非晶陶瓷压缩形变的实验结果表明，三种体系的非晶陶瓷在室温下压缩时都在弹性变形阶段断裂，压缩应变<10%。室温下的压缩形变主要来自于剪切带的承担及可能的气孔坍塌。非晶Al2O3-ZrO2陶瓷在500-700°C下进行压缩测试时，随测试温度的升高，形变由脆性断裂转变为塑性形变，弹性模量呈下降趋势。700°C压缩时，试样屈服点处的压缩应变约为28%，卸载前形变可达35%，试样弹性模量为2870MPa。随着非晶陶瓷组分中晶相含量的增大，弹性模量先减小后增大，表明少量晶相有利于压缩形变的提高，过多晶相则出现反效果。非晶Al2O3-SiO2陶瓷在600-800°C下进行压缩测试时，试样呈现出高弹性形变，压缩过程中试样应变达到30%时卸载，卸载前试样仍处于弹性变形阶段。随测试温度的升高，试样的弹性模量逐渐减小，800°C压缩时试样的弹性模量约为1922MPa。非晶Al2O3-MgO陶瓷在500-600°C下进行压缩测试时，试样弹性模量随压缩温度升高呈减小趋势。试样在弹性变形阶段断裂，断裂前没有塑性形变的发生。对非晶陶瓷中温压缩形变机理进行总结，认为压缩过程中首先是气孔的坍塌压实，而后结构中原子跃迁导致自由体积的移动压缩及非晶基体中形成的剪切带的共同作用使非晶陶瓷具有一定压缩形变。自由体积运动起主导作用（空间网络结构较强）时，形变能力较强；剪切带作用为主导（空间网络结构较差）时，形变能力较差。
Ceramics are known to be hard and brittle. They normally exhibit little to noplastic deformation prior to fracture. This is a consequence of the strong ionic andcovalent bonds, which make the movement of dislocation through the structuredifficult. In recent years, some researchers tried to improve the plasticity bydeveloping amorphous ceramics. Because of the long-distance disordering structure,there exists none dislocation and grainboudary in the amorphous materials, whichavoids the structural limits of the crystalline ceramics. In this paper, we investigatedthe moderate temperature compressive behavior of the Al2O3-ZrO2, Al2O3-SiO2andAl2O3-MgO amorphous ceramcis. Effects of the temperature and crystallites on thecompressive behavior were also addressed. The prepatation of amorphous sampleincluded the production of amorphous powders and the hot pressing of the cyclinders.Amorphous powders were obtained through the calcination of the percursor. Thecylinders were hot pressed by using a cubic hydraulic pressing machine. Amorphoussamples were all fractured in the elastic deformation region when compressed at roomtemperature. The largest compressive strain was smaller than10%. The compressivestrains at room temperature were acributed to the compression of the possible poresand the formation of shear bands in the amorphous matrix. When the amorphousAl2O3-ZrO2samples were compressed at500-700°C, the brittle fracture transited toplastic deformation with the increasing temperature. The sample compressed at700°Cexhibited elasticity up to a strain of28%followed by a plateau region to about35%.The elastic modulus was2870MPa. The existence of nanocrystals in the amorphoussamples was found to lead to an increase of the compressive porperty. However,excess nanocrystals would induce the negative effect on the compressive behavior.When compressed at600-800°C, the amorphous Al2O3-SiO2exhibited high elasticity.The samples were still in the elastic region before unloading. The elastic modulusreduced with the increasing temperature. The elastic modulus was1922MPa whenthe sample was compressed at800°C. Amorphous Al2O3-MgO samples were facturedin the elastic region when compressed at500-600°C. During the compression test ofthe amorphous ceramics, the pores were compressed firstly. The deformation behavior of the amorphous materials was achieved through the free volume compression andshear bands formation in the amorphous structure. In the sample with strong networkstructure, higher compressive strain could be achived, which due to the major role offree volume compression. In the sample with weak network structure, the major roleof shear bands movement led to smaller compressive strain.
引文
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