用户名: 密码: 验证码:
忻州窑矿压缩型冲击地压发生机理及防治研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
冲击地压是以煤岩体突然急剧猛烈破坏为特征的一种矿山动力现象。冲击地压发生时有大量煤岩突然抛出,瞬间几十甚至上百米巷道或采煤工作面遭到破坏,支护、设备设施折损,伴有顶板震动下沉、底板膨裂等,是煤矿重大灾害之一。由于其影响因素众多,形成机理复杂,也是煤矿井工开采领域遇到和致力研究的难题之一。大同矿区忻州窑矿顶、底板及煤层坚硬,大部分冲击地压发生地点附近少有大的地质构造,对于这种条件下冲击地压发生机理及判别准则的研究鲜见报道。本文在总结已有研究成果的基础上,结合大同矿区忻州窑矿开采条件及冲击地压发生的现场情况,就冲击地压形成机理和防治问题,综合运用案例分析、现场实测、室内实验、理论分析、数值模拟与现场试验等方法,从冲击地压发生的原因与特点、发生机理、监测预报、防控方法等方面作了探索性研究。主要研究内容和成果如下:
     (1)以忻州窑矿为试验矿井,对其开拓方式、现开采区域的地质情况、开采技术情况、冲击地压发生情况等进行深入调研,掌握历史上有记载的冲击地压发生的时间、地点、强度、破坏程度和人员伤亡情况,对其中典型的冲击地压事故进行详细分析。总结了忻州窑矿冲击地压的总体特征,分析了“三硬”条件下冲击地压的发生条件及影响因素,确定忻州窑矿冲击地压类型为煤体压缩型冲击地压。
     (2)建立五种数力模型,采用理论分析方法,对坚硬煤层及坚硬顶、底板岩层变形破坏规律进行对比分析,得出考虑水平位移的弹塑性损伤模型计算结果更符合实际情况,在分析“三硬”条件下煤体压缩型冲击地压发生机理基础上,对该模型进行了理论推导。
     (3)选择忻州窑矿西二盘区8935工作面为试验区,开展岩石基本物理力学实验、冲击倾向性实验、相似材料模拟实验和数值模拟实验研究,掌握煤及顶、底板岩层的物理力学性质及其冲击倾向性,研究了“三硬”条件下煤层、顶板、底板运动规律及变形破坏规律;为冲击地压发生机理及防治措施研究提供了基础。
     (4)根据对现场冲击地压情况统计分析、实验室实验结果分析及理论分析,提出“三硬”条件煤体压缩型冲击地压发生的压变区域失衡理论。该理论认为压缩型冲击地压的发生是煤岩体在动变荷载作用下,压变软化破坏区和压变硬化弹塑区煤体动态平衡遭到破坏所致。该理论能够解释具有相同冲击倾向性煤层和相同开采技术条件下,冲击地压发生时煤体抛射和深部煤炮响动共存的现象。
     (5)根据压变区域失衡理论,针对忻州窑矿现场实际,研究应用综合指数法、SOS微震监测法、矿压分析预测法、KBD5电磁辐射法和钻屑法五种预测预报方法;对冲击地压进行监测预报;采用施工卸压孔、开切卸压槽和解危爆破等卸压方法;强制放顶和断顶等卸载方法;加强超前支护、临空巷煤柱加固方法以及避免两翼工作面同时相向开采和人员避开冲击危险区的躲避方法等,使忻州窑矿冲击地压发生频率由09年前的每年50余次下降到目前的每年10-20余次,每次冲出煤量由10-150吨下降到10吨以下。形成了“三硬”条件压缩型冲击地压“测、卸、支、断、护、避”六字的综合防治技术。
Rock burst is a phenomenon that suddenly coal was fiercely destroyed, which main show is that a large number of coal been fling at roadway suddenly, and destroyed a few even100meters of the roadway or the coal face instantly, causing stent wreck, roof sinking and floor expansion and so on. Due to its complex formation mechanism and a multitude of influence factors, rock burst is a difficult problem of the research in coal mine exploiting. In Xinzhouyao mine of Datong, coal mine's roof, floor and coal seam are very hard, and most place of occurring rock burst have not geological structure. In this condition, a little of rock burst occurrence mechanism and criterion has been reported. This paper has summarized what we have got results, combined the mining condition and what rock burst happened of Xinzhouyao mine in Datong with case analysis, site measurement, laboratory experiment, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field test method to research the occurrence mechanism and prevention of rock burst. The main contents and results are as follows:
     (1) Xinzhouyao mine has worked as a test mine. We have investigated its development form, its geological condition of mining area, its mining technology condition, rock burst occurred condition and so on, kept the time, place, strength, damage and casualties of what have happened and recorded all rock burst, and detailed analyzed the typical one. The general characteristics of rock burst in Xinzhouyao mine have been summarized, this occurred condition and influencing factors in three-hard conditions have been analyzed, and rock burst type been made sure as coal compression type rock burst.
     (2) Used five model analyzed the deformation and destruction law of hard coal seam and hard roof, floor strata by the method of theoretical analysis, concluded that elasto-plastic damage model might be suitable for the actual conditions. This model has been inferred on the base of analyzing the occurrence mechanism of coal compression type rock burst in three-hard conditions.
     (3)8935working face in west2panel Xinzhouyao mine has worked as a test part. The rock physical and mechanical experiments, the impact tendency experiments, the similar material experiments and numerical experiments have been made, then we mastered the physical and mechanical properties and the impact tendency of roof, floor strata in Xinzhouyao mine, and studied the motion law and the deformation damage law of coal seam, roof and floor in three-hard conditions; moreover, provided base data for the occurrence mechanism and prevention on rock burst.
     (4) According to the statistics, theoretical analyses and experimental result of rock burst, the changing pressure area imbalance theory on compressive type rock burst of coal in three-hard conditions has been build. This theory said that compressive type rock burst caused by the damage of coal dynamic balance in the changing pressure soften damage zone and changing pressure harden elastic-plastic zone under the variable load. This theory explained that some area in coal seam having same impact tendency may happen rock burst under same mining conditions, and some do not.
     (5) According to changing pressure area imbalance theory, we have researched and applied some technology by actual conditions of Xinzhouyao mine, the comprehensive index method, the SOS microseismic monitoring method, the mine pressure analysis and forecast method, the KBD5electromagnetic radiation law and the drilling five forecast method; the construction relief pressure hole, the open-cut relief pressure slot and relief pressure blasting relief pressure method; the force caving roof and proximal surface broken roof shift pressure method; the relatively strengthen coal by strengthening advance support method; the airport roadway coal pillar and strengthen support method; and avoiding the two wings of the face mining at the same time and worker avoid the danger zone method etc. Occurrence frequency of rock burst in Xinzhouyao mine has declined from50in2009to10-20times in today, the number of expulsion coal has declined from10-150t to under l0t. At the end, raising the six words policy of synthetical utilize technique on compressive type rock burst in three-hard conditions:"measure, relief, support, break, care, avoid".
引文
[1]赵本钧,滕学军.冲击地压及其防治[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1995:1-5.
    [2]窦林名,何学秋.冲击地压防治理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2001:1-15.
    [3]钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003:294-304.
    [4]佩图霍夫.煤矿一冲击地压,王佑安译[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1980.
    [5]布霍依诺.矿山压力和冲击地压[M].李玉生译.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1985.
    [6]窦林名,杨思先.煤矿开采冲击矿压灾害防治[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社2006.
    [7]王淑坤,张万斌,赵国栋.用点载荷方法测定煤的动态破坏时间[J].煤炭开采,1993(3):48-51.
    [8]潘一山.冲击地压发生和破坏过程研究[D].北京:清华大学,1999.
    [9]梁政国,张万斌.鸟瞰我国十年来冲击地压灾害的研究[J].阜新矿业学院学报,1990,(4):1-8.
    [10]侯发亮,贾愚如.地下酮室中岩爆与围岩应力的关系[C].复杂岩石中建筑物国际学术研讨会论文集.1989.
    [11]王旭宏.大同矿区”三硬”煤层冲击地压发生机理研究[D].山西:太原理工大学岩土工程,2010,24(2):209-214.
    [12]金立平,鲜学福.煤层冲击倾向性研究及模糊综合评判仁[J].重庆大学学报,1993(6):114-119.
    [13]工淑坤,齐庆新,曾永志.我国煤岩冲击倾向研究的进展[J].煤矿开采,1998(3):30-32.
    [14]孙振武,代进,杨春等.矿山井巷和采场冲击地压危险性的弹性能判据[J].煤炭学报,2007,(8):794-798.
    [15]钱鸣高,缪协兴.采场矿山压力理论研究的新进展[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1996,2:17-20.
    [16]Qian M.G,He F.L.,Miu X.X..The system of strata control around longwall face in Chine[J]. Proceedings, International Symposium on Mining Science and Technology,15-18.
    [17]茅献彪,缪协兴,钱鸣高.采动覆岩中关键层的破断规律研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,1998,1:39-42.
    [18]钱鸣高,茅献彪,缪协兴.采场覆岩中关键层上载荷的变化规律[J].煤炭学报,1998,2:135-230.
    [19]许家林,钱鸣高.覆岩关键层位置的判断方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,5:463-467.
    [20]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林.岩层控制中关键层的理论研究[J].煤炭学报,1996,3:225-230.
    [21]钱鸣高.20年来采场围岩控制理论和实践的回顾[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,19(1)1-4.
    [22]B.斯列萨列夫.水体下安全采煤的条件[M].国外矿山防治水技术的发展和实践,1983.
    [23][波]M.鲍莱茨基,M.胡戴克著,于振海,刘天泉译.矿山岩体力学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1985.
    [24]刘天泉等.煤矿地表移动与覆岩破坏规律及其应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1981.
    [25]Cook N G W.The Failure of Roek[J]. Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.,1965,(2):389-403.
    [26]Brady B H G,Brown ET.Energy changes and stability in underground ming:design applieations of boundary element methods[J]. Trans Instn.Min.Metall.,1981,90:A61-68.
    [27]秦四清,王思敬.煤柱-顶板系统协同作用的脆性失稳与非线性演化机制[J].工程地质学报,2010,41(2):679-684.
    [28]秦四清.初论岩体失稳过程中耗散结构的形成机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000(03).
    [29]秦四清.斜坡失稳过程的非线性演化机制与物理预报[J].岩土工程学报,2005(11).
    [30]张当俊,靳钟铭,康天合.不同采煤方法对冲击地压影响的研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2006,(3):676-679.
    [31]李新元,马念杰,钟亚平,高全臣.坚硬顶板断裂过程中弹性能量积聚与释放的分布规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007(2):34-35.
    [32]孙振武,谭云亮,代进,杨春苗,杨建飞.煤岩体中弹性比能分布的有限元计算分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2010,35(4):546-550.
    [33]周光文,刘文岗,姜耀东,赵强.采场冲击地压的能量积聚释放特征分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,34-38.
    [34]何满潮,谢和平,彭苏萍,姜耀东.深部开采岩体力学研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,6(1):57-64.
    [35]刘卫方等.冲击地压发生机理综[J].矿业工程,2006,34-38.
    [36]赵毅鑫,姜耀东,王向阳,李超栋.击倾向性煤体的三点弯曲动态断裂实验[J].煤炭学报,2001,33:83-88.
    [37]姜耀东,赵毅鑫,刘文岗,李琦.深部开采中巷道底鼓问题的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004年14期.
    [38]姜耀东,陆士良.巷道底臌机理的研究[J].煤炭学报,1994,26(3):233-252.
    [39]Salamon M D G. Stability,instability and design pillar working[J].Int.J.Rock; Mech.Min.Sci.& Abstr.,1970,(7):613-631.
    [40]Salamon M D G and Wagner H. Role of Stabilizing Pillars in the Alleviation of Rockburst Hazard in Deep Mines[J]. Proe.4th Int.Congr.Rock Mech.,MontreaL1979,(2):561-566.
    [41]Petuhov I M,Linkov A M.The theory of post-faliure deformations and the problem of stability in rock mechanics[J]. Int.J.RockMeeh.Min.Sci.&Geomech.Abstr,1979(l):657-76.
    [42]Petuhov I M,Linkov A M.The theory of rock burst and outburst[R]. Nedra,Moseow,1983(in Russian).1997,(6):122-152.
    [43]Petuhov I M,Linkov A M.Theoretical Principles and fundamentals of rock burst Prediction and control[C]. 5th Congress A.A.Balkema Int.Soc. Rock. Mech. Melbourme. Rotterdam:,2.1991, (24):123-134.
    [44]Lippmann H,张江,寇绍全.关于煤矿中“突出的理论汗[J].力学进展,1990,20(4):452-467.
    [45]Lippmann H.Theory of the collapsed zone at the front of a coal seam and its effect on translatory rock bursting [J]. International Journal for Numerical and analytical Methods in Geomechanies,1991,15:317-331.
    [46]Lippmann H. Science between the Words:A retrospective[J]. Appl.Meeh.Rev.,1998,51(4).
    [47]章梦涛,徐曾和,潘一山,赵阳升.冲击地压和突出的统一失稳理论[J].煤炭学报,1995,8(2):77-80.
    [48]梁冰,章梦涛,采区冲击地压的数值预测[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1998,15(4):323-327.
    [49]王来贵,潘一山,梁冰,章梦涛.矿井不连续面冲击地压发生过程分析[J].中国矿业,1997,16(3):246-251.
    [50]齐庆新,史元伟,刘天泉.冲击地压粘滑失稳机理的实验研究[J].煤炭学报,2003,24(4):58-76.
    [51]李新元.“围岩-煤体”系统失稳破坏及冲击地压预测的探讨[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,23(22):3745-3749.
    [52]周瑞忠.岩爆发生的规律和断裂力学机理分析[J].岩土工程学报,2005,24(15):2659-2664.
    [53]黄庆享,高召宁.巷道冲击地压的损伤断裂力学模型[J].煤炭学报,2005,26(4):531-537.
    [54]尹祥础,陈学忠,宋治平.加卸载响应比理论及其在地震预测中的应用研究进展[J].地球物理学报,2008,27(3):477-486.
    [55]李广平,陶振宇.真三轴条件下的岩石细观损伤力学模型[J].岩土工程学,1997,(6):122-152.
    [56]李广平.拉伸荷载作用下岩石的细观损伤力学模型[J].岩土力学,1995,(2):201-207.
    [57]李广平.考虑裂纹闭合效应的岩石损伤本构关系[J].应用力学学报.1987,(2):201-207.
    [58]李文,纪洪广,魏小文.矿井冲击地压分类、机理和预测预报研究进展[J].中国矿业,2007,21(1):27-34.
    [59]齐庆新,雷毅,李宏艳,冀贞文,刘军,潘俊锋,王永秀.深孔断顶爆破防治冲击地压的理论与实践[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007(S1):213-218.
    [60]梁运培,文光才.顶板岩层“三带”划分的综合分析法[J].煤炭科学技术,2000(05):327-332.
    [61]孙庆国,王存文,姜福兴.微地震监测系统在冲击地压预测预报中的应用[J].煤矿安全,2007(12):133-138.
    [62]潘立友.冲击地压前兆信息的可识别性研究及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,21(5):632-634.
    [63]谭云亮,李芳成,周辉,韩宪军.冲击地压声发射前兆模式初步研究[J].岩石力学与工报,2000,24(2):209-214.
    [64]杨勇.煤岩电磁辐射机理及在冲击地压预测中的应用研究[硕士学位论文].辽宁:辽宁工程技术大学固体力学,2007,23(1):16-20.
    [65]李廷芥,王耀辉,张梅英等.岩石裂纹的分形特性及岩爆机理研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000(1):6-10.
    [66]苏承东,李化敏.深埋高应力区巷道冲击地压预测与防治方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2008,25(3):433-447.
    [67]李玉,黄梅等.冲击地压发生前微震活动时空变化的分形特征[J].北京科技大学学报,1995(1):10-13.
    [68]罗浩,潘一山,赵扬锋,肖晓春,李国臻.基于电荷监测技术预测矿山动力灾害试验研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2012,20(6):780-784.
    [69]黄庆享,高召宁.巷道冲击地压的损伤断裂力学模型[J].煤炭学报,2001(2):156-159.
    [70]徐世杰.矿震诱发机制的探讨[J].地震,1987(5):44-49.
    [71]唐春安.岩石破裂过程中的灾变[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
    [72]潘一山,杜广林,张永利,王来贵,章梦涛.煤体振动方法防治冲击地压的机理研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):477-486.
    [73]潘一山,杨小彬,马少鹏等.岩土材料变形局部化的实验研究[J].煤炭学报,2002(3):282-284.
    [74]潘一山,宋义敏,贾晓波.岩石单轴压缩作用下变形局部化的梯度塑性解[J].岩石力学学报,2002(5):821-826.
    [75]杨正华,吴兴荣,井胜泉.煤层卸载爆破在冲击矿压防治中的应用[J].江苏煤炭,2000,(25):115-130.
    [76]牟宗龙,窦林名,张广文,张士斌,李志华,张军.坚硬顶板型冲击矿压灾害防治研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,(5):34-37.
    [77]关杰,孙可明,朱月明.急倾斜煤层开采解放层防治冲击地压数值模拟[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2007,32(7):695-699.
    [78]李国宏,杨发武,吴元良.利用卸压钻孔防治冲击地压的实践[J].煤矿安全,1992,1(11):1-10.
    [79]齐庆新,刘人泉,史元伟.冲击地压的摩擦滑动失稳机理[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1995(3,4):174-177
    [80]乔元栋等.大同忻州窑矿冲击地压成因分析与防治措施探讨[J].山西大同大学学报,2010,1(1):1-20.
    [81]靳钟铭等.“两硬”条件下综放面支架围岩关系[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,23(8):1237-1241.
    [82]靳钟铭,魏锦平,闫志义,侯志鹰.“两硬”综放面煤岩冒放规律及控制研究[J].太原理工大学学报,1999(03)
    [83]魏锦平,牛彦华,靳钟铭,李胜.两硬综放面矿压的数理统计分析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1999,26(6):48-51.
    [84]乔元栋,徐青云.大同忻州窑矿冲击地压成因分析与防治措施探讨[J].山西大同大学学报2006,25(5):680-682.
    [85]康福钧.电磁辐射仪在煤矿冲击地压监测预报中的应用[J].工矿自动化,2003,(2):209-214.
    [86]于斌,王爱国.“两硬"5m采高上覆岩层活动规律相似模拟试验分析[J].煤矿开采,2010,41(2):679-684.
    [87]尹达君.“两硬”大采高围岩控制技术及开采实践[J].煤矿开采,2009,27(1):16-21.
    [88]王进学,王家臣.“两硬”条件下分层放顶煤开采矿压规律研究[J].煤矿开采,2005,26(6):108-110.
    [89]南培珠.“两硬”条件下分层放顶煤开采矿压规律研究[J].煤矿开采.2005,28(6):796-799.
    [90]王进学,王家臣,陈忠辉.“两硬”浅埋深厚煤层顶煤顶板运移规律研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,25:37-40.
    [91]王家臣,张剑,姬刘亭,郑厚发.“两硬”条件大采高综采老顶初次垮落力学模型研究.东北岩石力学与工程分会学术讨论会论文集.
    [92]王家臣等.“两硬”条件大采高综采老顶初次垮落力学模型研究.东北岩石力学与工程学会学术讨论会.
    [93]刘茂军.“两硬”条件下冲击地压防治技术研究[J].煤炭科技,2010,38(2):188-193.
    [94]靳钟铭,牛彦华,魏锦平,闫志义.“两硬”条件下综放面支架围岩关系[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,41(4):1540-1548.
    [95]郜进海,魏锦平,靳钟铭,闫志义,侯志鹰.“两硬”综放面顶板控制技术研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2010,31(7):2095-2103.
    [96]谢文兵,郑白生.变形局部化对引发冲击矿压的分析[J].采矿与安全工程,2008(4):469471.
    [97]张当俊等.不同采煤方法对冲击地压影响的研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2006(04).
    [98]姚志忠.大同“两硬”条件薄煤层综采开采技术探讨[J].内蒙古煤炭经济,2007(2):34-35.
    [99]刘文.大同“两硬”综放工作面顶煤注水-爆破联合弱化技术[J].中国煤炭.2011,(11):1162-1165.
    [100]毕贤顺,陈华艳.FGM受冲击载荷作用下裂纹尖端应力的数值分析[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2010,35(4):546-550.
    [101]张永波,靳钟铭,刘秀英.采动岩体裂隙分形相关规律的实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,34-38.
    [102]刘彪,陆菜平,窦林名,郭晓强,吕长国,刘辉.坚硬顶板岩层破断诱发微震的功率谱特征[J].矿业安全与环保,2011,6(1):57-64.
    [103]刘彪,陆菜平,窦林名,吕长国,郭晓强.工作面顶板破断过程的SOS微震信号的加窗处理与分析[J].煤矿安全,2010,31(7):2095-2103.
    [104]胡守平,李纯宝.坚硬顶板塌陷机理探讨[J].山东煤炭科技,2008,41(4):1540-1548.
    [105]闫国雄,王东,李永明,刘长友.两硬煤层大采高工作面煤壁片帮机理及防治研究[J].能源技术与管理,2009,38(2):188-193.
    [106]卢国梁,闫志义,胡守平.两硬条件下综放开采矿压显现规律研究[J].煤矿开采,1999,28(6):796-799.
    [107]魏锦平,靳钟铭,牛彦华,白义如.两硬条件综放矿压的实验研究[J].太原理工大学学报,1999,26(6):1081-1106.
    [108]侯志鹰,于斌,周建峰.大同矿区坚硬顶板大面积整体切冒分析[J].2008,27(1):16-21.
    [109]田利军.大同”三硬”条件放顶煤开采及顶煤破碎研究.水电与矿业工程中的岩石力学问题—中国北方岩石力学与工程应用学术会议文集.
    [110]王旭宏.大同矿区”三硬”煤层冲击地压发生机理研究[D].山西:太原理工大学岩土工程,2010.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700