不同作物品种对重金属的积累特性及农产品品质安全
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摘要
本文应用野外调查和室外盆栽试验的方法,对辽宁省青城子铅锌矿周边土壤重金属镉、铅、铜、锌污染状况及其当地主要栽培的农作物(包括玉米、高粱、大豆和谷子等)体内的富集进行了初步的调查。还研究了盆栽条件下,不同浓度梯度单因子重金属镉以及与铅、铜、锌复合,对2个不同玉米品种沈单16和农大108生物学性状的影响以及4种重金属在玉米不同器官中的吸收差异。研究结果表明:1)青城子铅锌矿周边土壤普遍受到了重金属镉、铅、铜、锌污染,4种重金属污染程度的顺序为Cd> Zn >Pb >Cu,均达到土壤环境质量GB15618-1995的二级标准,且Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn含量最大达土壤环境质量标准的17.10、1.38、1.10、2.94倍;2)4种重金属在铅锌矿栽培农作物的体内的富集规律为:根>籽实;3)在重金属镉以及与铅、铜、锌复合条件下,2个玉米品种沈单16和农大108根、叶茎杆和籽实对镉的吸收存在明显的差异,沈单16较农大108具有较强的排异性。
Using both the field-survey method and the pot-culture experiments, contaminative situation of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in soils distributed around the Qingchengzi Pb-Zn Mining Area of Liaoning Province were investigated, and metal accumulation in maize (Zea mays L.), sorghum (Sorghum L.), soybean (Glycine max L.) and foxtail millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) was analyzed. Further experiments were carried out to examine the growth and development characteristics of two maize varieties Shendan 16 and Nongda 108 under conditions of a range of Cd concentrations as well as a combination of Pb, Cu and Zn. In addition, differences in assimilation of metals were delineated based on the four types of metals. Main results including: 1) Soil around Qingchengzi showed various degree of contamination with Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn and the order of contamination followed Cd>Zn>Pb>Cu, all higher than Class II of the soil environmental quality standard GB15618-1995. The magnitudes of concentration were 17.1, 1.38, 1.10 and 2.94 times that of the standard, respectively. 2) Accumulation of all four metals was consistently higher in roots than seeds for the plants investigated. 3) Significant differences of metal concentrations were also observed between Shendan 18 and Nongda108 in the roots, leaves, stems and seeds under conditions of a combination of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn. Shendan showed obviously less accumulation of Cd than Nongda108.
Using both the field-survey method and the pot-culture experiments, contaminative situation of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in soils distributed around the Qingchengzi Pb-Zn Mining Area of Liaoning Province were investigated, and metal accumulation in maize (Zea mays L.), sorghum (Sorghum L.), soybean (Glycine max L.) and foxtail millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) was analyzed. Further experiments were carried out to examine the growth and development characteristics of two maize varieties Shendan 16 and Nongda 108 under conditions of a range of Cd concentrations as well as a combination of Pb, Cu and Zn. In addition, differences in assimilation of metals were delineated based on the four types of metals. Main results including: 1) Soil around Qingchengzi showed various degree of contamination with Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn and the order of contamination followed Cd>Zn>Pb>Cu, all higher than Class II of the soil environmental quality standard GB15618-1995. The magnitudes of concentration were 17.1, 1.38, 1.10 and 2.94 times that of the standard, respectively. 2) Accumulation of all four metals was consistently higher in roots than seeds for the plants investigated. 3) Significant differences of metal concentrations were also observed between Shendan 18 and Nongda108 in the roots, leaves, stems and seeds under conditions of a combination of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn. Shendan showed obviously less accumulation of Cd than Nongda108.
引文
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