GIS服务链模型研究及基于工作流技术的实现
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摘要
自世纪之交以来,地理信息系统(GIS)技术发展到了GIS服务阶段,国内外学者对GIS服务(GIS Services)的研究逐步从理论走向应用。随着GIS服务应用从单个服务的简单调用转向多个服务的组合调用,GIS服务链(GIS Services chain)被提上了研究日程。目前,GIS服务链主要分两种类型。一种是GIS与具有业务流程特征的行业应用相结合;另一种则是通过流程化组合将简单的GIS服务结合成复杂的GIS服务。本文研究方向偏向前一种类型。作者分析了GIS服务链的理论和实现技术,构建了一种GIS服务链应用集成模型,探讨可视化建模方法;并以用户应用为核心,研究GIS服务链在分布式GIS集成应用中的空间数据快速检索机制、大数据量遥感影像高效处理策略以及分布式业务协同处理数据模型;同时以GIS服务和工作流技术为基础,并以城市规划管理系统为应用实例,探索基于工作流技术的GIS服务链系统实现。具体研究内容如下:
1、参考开放GIS协会(OGC)和国际标准地理信息/地球信息业标准化技术委员会(ISO/TC211)等国际研究组织提出的服务和服务链相关术语,并借鉴工作流技术的相关术语定义,结合GIS数据和应用特点,从GIS服务链应用的视角提出了GIS服务链相关术语定义,并以“链”为基准提出了微链、前驱服务/后继服务、前驱条件/出口规则等定义。
2、从应用和技术实现视角出发,基于工作流技术参考模型,提出了GIS服务链的概念化参考模型。在此基础上,作者进一步提出GIS服务链实现的五步骤:业务抽象和服务抽象、服务链定义、服务发现与评价、服务链构建、服务链执行/监控。同时,作者还提出了GIS服务链的五层应用模型:表现层、Web应用逻辑层、应用集成层、服务层、数据层。
3、分析现有分布式GIS技术和应用中存在的问题,面向分布式GIS中的集成和互操作应用,提出了一种基于工作流技术的GIS服务链分布式应用集成模型。该模型以服务链引擎和工作流引擎为两大核心,服务链引擎实现了数据和系统之间的互操作,工作流引擎控制服务链的自动化执行和追踪、监控。
4、研究了GIS服务链在分布式GIS应用中的具体问题。针对分布式空间数据检索效率低的问题提出了基于分级元数据框架的两步式数据检索技术;针对海量影像数据处理中的问题提出了基于分块思想的大数据量影像高效处理策略:针对分布式协同作业问题提出并设计了基于版本机制的FGDB数据模型。
5、分析现有可视化建模技术和模型描述机制,提出了基于关系数据库和扩展ECA规则的GIS服务链建模技术。这一建模技术具有高扩展性、一致性维护、长事务处理等特性,并基于此模型和工作流技术实现了GIS服务链执行的追踪和监控。
6、提出了面向用户的GIS服务评价指标体系,以及具有分层结构的GIS服务链评价模型。并针对UDDI(Universal Description,Discovery and Integration)中服务的可信度低、可用性差等问题,提出了基于Qos用户反馈的服务信息修正设想。
7、面向我国城市规划管理行业中的新需求,设计并实现了基于工作流技术的GIS服务链实验系统,验证了本文提出的GIS服务链分布式应用集成模型以及基于关系数据库和扩展ECA规则的服务链建模技术,并在实验系统中实现了GIS服务链执行的监控和追踪。
研究表明,本文提出的基于工作流技术的GIS服务链分布式应用集成模型能充分利用GIS服务和工作流技术的特点,实现异质数据、异构系统的集成和互操作,以及服务链的自动执行、监控与追踪。同时,该模型基于工作流技术的应用逻辑和业务逻辑分离特点,能够适应业务需求的快速变化。本研究提出的基于两级元数据框架的“两步式”分布空间数据快速检索方法、基于“分块”思想的大数据量影像数据高效处理策略和面向分布式的协同编辑数据模型FGDB,解决了分布式GIS服务链应用中的现实问题,有利于GIS服务链的应用推广。
Since the end of last century, the GIS Services has become a new mark of GIS (Geographic Information System) technology. The research on GIS Services has been turning from theory to application. With the major shift of GIS Services application from simple calling of single service to composition of multiple services, the research of GIS Services chain has been put on the agenda. Currently, GIS Services chain is mainly divided into two types. One is the composition of GIS and business flow application. The other one is the composing of complex GIS Service from single GIS service in flow mode. This dissertation puts more emphasis on the former one. Based on the analysis of the theory and technology, a new distributed and integrated model of GIS Services chain and visual modeling is put forth. Several key issues of GIS Services chain application are studied which include rapid indexing mechanism of distributed spatial data, efficient processing of massive Remote Sensing image data and distributed collaborative editing data model. Based on GIS Services and workflow, a prototype system called Urban Planning GIS (UPGIS) is designed and realized to study the development of GIS Services chain system with workflow technology.
The main research contents are listed as follows:
1. Based on the characteristics of GIS data and application, the author brings forth some terminology of GIS Services and GIS Services chain with reference specifications of international organization such as OGC (Open Geospatial consortium), ISO/TC211 and WfMC (workflow Management Coalition). For the first time, the author proposes terms such as micro-chain, pre-service/post-service, pre-condition/post-rule based on the meaning of "chain".
2. From the viewpoint of application, the research puts forth GIS Services chain conceptual reference model by referencing reference model of workflow. Furthermore, author gives the five steps for realization of GIS Services chain: abstracting the business and service, definiting GIS Services chain, discovering and evaluating GIS Services, GIS Services chain visual modeling and executing and monitoring of GIS Services chain. Then, a hierarchical deploy model with five tiers is discussed in research: presentation layer, Web application layer, integration layer, services layer and data layer.
3. With the analysis of distributed GIS application and technologies, the author brings forth a kind of distributed GIS integrated model based on workflow and GIS Services chain to resolve the integration and interoperability in distributed GIS environment. Cores of this model are GIS Services chain engine which can realize interoperability between systems or data and workflow engine which can control and monitor the execution of GIS Services chain.
4. The research studies several issues of distributed GIS application. For rapid indexing of distributed GIS data, a hierarchical metadata framework is designed to find data in two-step. An efficient processing technology with "clip-piece" is proposed to resolve the massive Remote Sensing image data processing. Finally, based on version mechanism, FGDB (File-GDB) model is designed to realize distributed collaborative editing work.
5. By analyzing the existing visual modeling and model description technologies, a new visual modeling based on RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) and extended ECA rules is put forth. The new method advances GIS Services chain modeling, especially in extensibility, consistency maintenance and long transaction. Workflow technology is introduced in the new modeling for automated executing and monitoring of GIS Services chain.
6. User-oriented GIS Services evaluation indexes are brought forward for service selection. With reference workflow evaluation model, a hierarchical model is discussed for GIS Services chain evaluation. For low credibility, poor availability of GIS Services in UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and Integration), the author proposes an idea of feedback based on GIS Services Qos (Quality of Service) to modify the Services metadata.
7. With the new requirement of urban planning management, the research designs and implements a prototype system of GIS Services chain which based on the workflow technology. Then the research demonstrates the integrated application model mentioned above and visual modeling based on RDBMS and extended ECA rules. The prototype system verifies the feasibility of combination of GIS Services chain and workflow in distributed GIS application to resolve the integration and interoperability, and the new method in controlling the execution and watch of GIS Services chain.
The research shows that the integrated model of GIS Services chain achieves integration and interoperability between heterogeneous data and systems with its loose system architecture, platform-independent and other characteristics. Meanwhile, the introduction of workflow implements the automatic execution, monitoring and tracking. And the separation of business procedure logic and application logic enables subsequent changes to be incorporated into the GIS Services chain, which adapts system to the rapidly change of business. The "two-step" spatial data indexing method based on hierarchical metadata framework, efficient processing technology with "clip-piece" and the FGDB distributed collaborative editing model resolve problems in application, which is beneficial to popularity of GIS Services chain.
1、参考开放GIS协会(OGC)和国际标准地理信息/地球信息业标准化技术委员会(ISO/TC211)等国际研究组织提出的服务和服务链相关术语,并借鉴工作流技术的相关术语定义,结合GIS数据和应用特点,从GIS服务链应用的视角提出了GIS服务链相关术语定义,并以“链”为基准提出了微链、前驱服务/后继服务、前驱条件/出口规则等定义。
2、从应用和技术实现视角出发,基于工作流技术参考模型,提出了GIS服务链的概念化参考模型。在此基础上,作者进一步提出GIS服务链实现的五步骤:业务抽象和服务抽象、服务链定义、服务发现与评价、服务链构建、服务链执行/监控。同时,作者还提出了GIS服务链的五层应用模型:表现层、Web应用逻辑层、应用集成层、服务层、数据层。
3、分析现有分布式GIS技术和应用中存在的问题,面向分布式GIS中的集成和互操作应用,提出了一种基于工作流技术的GIS服务链分布式应用集成模型。该模型以服务链引擎和工作流引擎为两大核心,服务链引擎实现了数据和系统之间的互操作,工作流引擎控制服务链的自动化执行和追踪、监控。
4、研究了GIS服务链在分布式GIS应用中的具体问题。针对分布式空间数据检索效率低的问题提出了基于分级元数据框架的两步式数据检索技术;针对海量影像数据处理中的问题提出了基于分块思想的大数据量影像高效处理策略:针对分布式协同作业问题提出并设计了基于版本机制的FGDB数据模型。
5、分析现有可视化建模技术和模型描述机制,提出了基于关系数据库和扩展ECA规则的GIS服务链建模技术。这一建模技术具有高扩展性、一致性维护、长事务处理等特性,并基于此模型和工作流技术实现了GIS服务链执行的追踪和监控。
6、提出了面向用户的GIS服务评价指标体系,以及具有分层结构的GIS服务链评价模型。并针对UDDI(Universal Description,Discovery and Integration)中服务的可信度低、可用性差等问题,提出了基于Qos用户反馈的服务信息修正设想。
7、面向我国城市规划管理行业中的新需求,设计并实现了基于工作流技术的GIS服务链实验系统,验证了本文提出的GIS服务链分布式应用集成模型以及基于关系数据库和扩展ECA规则的服务链建模技术,并在实验系统中实现了GIS服务链执行的监控和追踪。
研究表明,本文提出的基于工作流技术的GIS服务链分布式应用集成模型能充分利用GIS服务和工作流技术的特点,实现异质数据、异构系统的集成和互操作,以及服务链的自动执行、监控与追踪。同时,该模型基于工作流技术的应用逻辑和业务逻辑分离特点,能够适应业务需求的快速变化。本研究提出的基于两级元数据框架的“两步式”分布空间数据快速检索方法、基于“分块”思想的大数据量影像数据高效处理策略和面向分布式的协同编辑数据模型FGDB,解决了分布式GIS服务链应用中的现实问题,有利于GIS服务链的应用推广。
Since the end of last century, the GIS Services has become a new mark of GIS (Geographic Information System) technology. The research on GIS Services has been turning from theory to application. With the major shift of GIS Services application from simple calling of single service to composition of multiple services, the research of GIS Services chain has been put on the agenda. Currently, GIS Services chain is mainly divided into two types. One is the composition of GIS and business flow application. The other one is the composing of complex GIS Service from single GIS service in flow mode. This dissertation puts more emphasis on the former one. Based on the analysis of the theory and technology, a new distributed and integrated model of GIS Services chain and visual modeling is put forth. Several key issues of GIS Services chain application are studied which include rapid indexing mechanism of distributed spatial data, efficient processing of massive Remote Sensing image data and distributed collaborative editing data model. Based on GIS Services and workflow, a prototype system called Urban Planning GIS (UPGIS) is designed and realized to study the development of GIS Services chain system with workflow technology.
The main research contents are listed as follows:
1. Based on the characteristics of GIS data and application, the author brings forth some terminology of GIS Services and GIS Services chain with reference specifications of international organization such as OGC (Open Geospatial consortium), ISO/TC211 and WfMC (workflow Management Coalition). For the first time, the author proposes terms such as micro-chain, pre-service/post-service, pre-condition/post-rule based on the meaning of "chain".
2. From the viewpoint of application, the research puts forth GIS Services chain conceptual reference model by referencing reference model of workflow. Furthermore, author gives the five steps for realization of GIS Services chain: abstracting the business and service, definiting GIS Services chain, discovering and evaluating GIS Services, GIS Services chain visual modeling and executing and monitoring of GIS Services chain. Then, a hierarchical deploy model with five tiers is discussed in research: presentation layer, Web application layer, integration layer, services layer and data layer.
3. With the analysis of distributed GIS application and technologies, the author brings forth a kind of distributed GIS integrated model based on workflow and GIS Services chain to resolve the integration and interoperability in distributed GIS environment. Cores of this model are GIS Services chain engine which can realize interoperability between systems or data and workflow engine which can control and monitor the execution of GIS Services chain.
4. The research studies several issues of distributed GIS application. For rapid indexing of distributed GIS data, a hierarchical metadata framework is designed to find data in two-step. An efficient processing technology with "clip-piece" is proposed to resolve the massive Remote Sensing image data processing. Finally, based on version mechanism, FGDB (File-GDB) model is designed to realize distributed collaborative editing work.
5. By analyzing the existing visual modeling and model description technologies, a new visual modeling based on RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) and extended ECA rules is put forth. The new method advances GIS Services chain modeling, especially in extensibility, consistency maintenance and long transaction. Workflow technology is introduced in the new modeling for automated executing and monitoring of GIS Services chain.
6. User-oriented GIS Services evaluation indexes are brought forward for service selection. With reference workflow evaluation model, a hierarchical model is discussed for GIS Services chain evaluation. For low credibility, poor availability of GIS Services in UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and Integration), the author proposes an idea of feedback based on GIS Services Qos (Quality of Service) to modify the Services metadata.
7. With the new requirement of urban planning management, the research designs and implements a prototype system of GIS Services chain which based on the workflow technology. Then the research demonstrates the integrated application model mentioned above and visual modeling based on RDBMS and extended ECA rules. The prototype system verifies the feasibility of combination of GIS Services chain and workflow in distributed GIS application to resolve the integration and interoperability, and the new method in controlling the execution and watch of GIS Services chain.
The research shows that the integrated model of GIS Services chain achieves integration and interoperability between heterogeneous data and systems with its loose system architecture, platform-independent and other characteristics. Meanwhile, the introduction of workflow implements the automatic execution, monitoring and tracking. And the separation of business procedure logic and application logic enables subsequent changes to be incorporated into the GIS Services chain, which adapts system to the rapidly change of business. The "two-step" spatial data indexing method based on hierarchical metadata framework, efficient processing technology with "clip-piece" and the FGDB distributed collaborative editing model resolve problems in application, which is beneficial to popularity of GIS Services chain.
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