工业企业节能政策工具选择研究
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摘要
为了改善人类的生存环境,实现人与自然的和谐统一,世界各国均将可持续发展作为行动纲领,将减少能源消耗、提高能源效率和开发利用新能源的节能战略作为解决能源问题的重要举措。作为经济主体的工业企业既是能源和资源的主要消耗者,又是环境污染的主要排放源,其节能的战略地位以及巨大的节能潜力空间,使得引导工业企业节能已成为实现社会、经济和生态可持续发展的根本途径之一。中国的工业企业节能工作进展缓慢,节能市场尚未健全和完善,亟待政府以政策指导和宏观调控的方式协助其步入正轨,而针对工业企业节能的政策法律较为零散不成体系,较少甚至没有关注企业的节能驱动力,工业企业自愿节能的驱动力明显不足,如何运用政策工具对其进行引导,驱动其自愿节能是解决工业企业节能问题的根本所在,也是中国能源节约战略中的核心问题。本文正是在这样的背景下对引导工业企业节能的政策选择展开研究,其目的旨在为政府制定行之有效的节能政策提供理论依据和具体建议,以推动中国节能战略的实施,促进节能目标的实现。
本文的研究对象是以促进工业企业节能为导向的政策工具选择,探讨如何运用经济激励型政策工具、命令-控制型政策工具和自愿节能型节能政策工具鼓励和刺激工业企业开展节能管理,构建工业企业节能管政策工具的选择模型。在撰写过程中,通过多种渠道搜集文献资料,采用了理论与实践相结合、定性分析与定量分析相结合的研究方法。
论文研究在对节能政策工具进行分类基础上,通过经济学理论模型比较经济激励型节能政策工具和命令-控制型节能政策工具在静态成本、动态经济效率、收入分配效应和不确定性四个方面的优越性,为节能政策工具选择模型提供了维度一。通过政府与企业之间的完全信息动态博弈分析,进一步论证开立经济激励型节能政策工具的必要性及阶段性差异,说明了经济激励型节能政策工具应该随节能市场和企业节能管理成熟度的不同而进退有度,并获取了节能政策工具选择模型的维度二,最终运用上述维度构建了引导工业企业的节能政策工具选择模型。
论文对该模型的应用做了充分的分析,构建了中国工业企业节能管理成熟度框架,并给出了具体的应用路径和方法,在此基础上将该模型应用于中国,选择并确定了适合中国目前工业企业节能阶段的节能政策组合模式。
In order to improve the living environment of human beings and achieve harmonious reunification between humanity and nature, countries all over the world are pursuing sustainable development as programme of action. Accordingly, they regard the reduction of energy consumption, improvement of energy efficiency, development and utilization of new energy-saving processes as the most important strategic measures to solve the energy problems. As the main economic subjects, industrial enterprises are combinations of both major consumers of energy and resources and the main emitter's sources of environmental pollution. Therefore, from the strategic status and huge energy-saving potential viewpoint, realizing substantial development of society, economy, and ecology is a fundamental way in which induststrial enterprises should be guided. In China, the energy-saving progress has been slow and energy-saving market has also not fully developed. Hence the government is required to make macro-control policy to lead these enterprises to the right track. Contemporarily, the energy-saving policies and laws are fragmented, and furthermore, the driving forces for energy consumption are not only marginally concerned. Industrial enterprises' voluntary energy-saving driving forces are obviously inadequate. In view of these facts, how to guide these industries in developing voluntary energy-saving awareness so as to save energy has become a crucial and core issue. Under this background, this dissertation is devoted to provide a theoretical basis and specific proposals for the government to develop effective energy-saving policies in order to promote implementation of the strategy to achieve the goal of significant energy-saving.
The dissertation has discussed how to encourage and stimulate industrial enterprises to carry out energy-saving management so as to construct choice models of energy-saving policy tools by using economic incentives, orders-controlled and voluntary energy-saving policies. During the process of writing, adopting the combinative methods of the theory and practice—qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis—this dissertation collects the documentary data through various ways.
By classifying energy-saving policy tools, using the economic theoretical model, this dissertation compares the superiority of economic incentives and orders-controlled policies from four aspects: the static cost, the dynamic economy profit, the effect about income distribution, and the uncertainty. It also provides first dimension for selecting energy-saving policy tools. By using complete information dynamic game analysis, this dissertation has demonstrated the necessity of setting up energy-saving policy and phased differences, and accordingly, explains that progress and decline must be of moderate degree following the difference of management maturity between enterprises and the energy-saving market. Thus, the second dimension of energy-saving policy choice model is set up. Finally, with using the above mentioned policy tools, the choice model of policy tool have been constructed under the guidance of industrial energy-saving. The dissertation analyses sufficiently on the model and constructs the energy-saving management maturity framework of Chinese industrial enterprises, simultaneously providing the specific application path and methods, on the basis of which, applies this model to Chinese market. Finally a combination model suitable to current Chinese energy-saving stages has been chosen, developed and confirmed.
本文的研究对象是以促进工业企业节能为导向的政策工具选择,探讨如何运用经济激励型政策工具、命令-控制型政策工具和自愿节能型节能政策工具鼓励和刺激工业企业开展节能管理,构建工业企业节能管政策工具的选择模型。在撰写过程中,通过多种渠道搜集文献资料,采用了理论与实践相结合、定性分析与定量分析相结合的研究方法。
论文研究在对节能政策工具进行分类基础上,通过经济学理论模型比较经济激励型节能政策工具和命令-控制型节能政策工具在静态成本、动态经济效率、收入分配效应和不确定性四个方面的优越性,为节能政策工具选择模型提供了维度一。通过政府与企业之间的完全信息动态博弈分析,进一步论证开立经济激励型节能政策工具的必要性及阶段性差异,说明了经济激励型节能政策工具应该随节能市场和企业节能管理成熟度的不同而进退有度,并获取了节能政策工具选择模型的维度二,最终运用上述维度构建了引导工业企业的节能政策工具选择模型。
论文对该模型的应用做了充分的分析,构建了中国工业企业节能管理成熟度框架,并给出了具体的应用路径和方法,在此基础上将该模型应用于中国,选择并确定了适合中国目前工业企业节能阶段的节能政策组合模式。
In order to improve the living environment of human beings and achieve harmonious reunification between humanity and nature, countries all over the world are pursuing sustainable development as programme of action. Accordingly, they regard the reduction of energy consumption, improvement of energy efficiency, development and utilization of new energy-saving processes as the most important strategic measures to solve the energy problems. As the main economic subjects, industrial enterprises are combinations of both major consumers of energy and resources and the main emitter's sources of environmental pollution. Therefore, from the strategic status and huge energy-saving potential viewpoint, realizing substantial development of society, economy, and ecology is a fundamental way in which induststrial enterprises should be guided. In China, the energy-saving progress has been slow and energy-saving market has also not fully developed. Hence the government is required to make macro-control policy to lead these enterprises to the right track. Contemporarily, the energy-saving policies and laws are fragmented, and furthermore, the driving forces for energy consumption are not only marginally concerned. Industrial enterprises' voluntary energy-saving driving forces are obviously inadequate. In view of these facts, how to guide these industries in developing voluntary energy-saving awareness so as to save energy has become a crucial and core issue. Under this background, this dissertation is devoted to provide a theoretical basis and specific proposals for the government to develop effective energy-saving policies in order to promote implementation of the strategy to achieve the goal of significant energy-saving.
The dissertation has discussed how to encourage and stimulate industrial enterprises to carry out energy-saving management so as to construct choice models of energy-saving policy tools by using economic incentives, orders-controlled and voluntary energy-saving policies. During the process of writing, adopting the combinative methods of the theory and practice—qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis—this dissertation collects the documentary data through various ways.
By classifying energy-saving policy tools, using the economic theoretical model, this dissertation compares the superiority of economic incentives and orders-controlled policies from four aspects: the static cost, the dynamic economy profit, the effect about income distribution, and the uncertainty. It also provides first dimension for selecting energy-saving policy tools. By using complete information dynamic game analysis, this dissertation has demonstrated the necessity of setting up energy-saving policy and phased differences, and accordingly, explains that progress and decline must be of moderate degree following the difference of management maturity between enterprises and the energy-saving market. Thus, the second dimension of energy-saving policy choice model is set up. Finally, with using the above mentioned policy tools, the choice model of policy tool have been constructed under the guidance of industrial energy-saving. The dissertation analyses sufficiently on the model and constructs the energy-saving management maturity framework of Chinese industrial enterprises, simultaneously providing the specific application path and methods, on the basis of which, applies this model to Chinese market. Finally a combination model suitable to current Chinese energy-saving stages has been chosen, developed and confirmed.
引文
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