自絮凝酵母SPSC01对于Cr（Ⅵ）吸附的研究
|
摘要
生物吸附是指利用自然界中广泛存在的生物质材料的吸附作用,去除废水中存在的污染物特别是工业废水中的重金属离子的过程。与离子交换、沉淀等传统方法相比,在处理工业废水的过程中,尤其是当处理低浓度工业废水时,生物吸附法具有运行成本低、生物吸附剂回收处理简单、吸附效率高等优势。生物吸附法所具有的这些优势已经成为促进其发展并应用于重金属污染处理的主要因素,近年来,利用酵母细胞作为生物吸附剂来处理重金属废水污染的研究得到广泛开展。具有絮凝能力的细胞很容易与液相分离,这就为大规模处理操作提供了便利,但是目前关于絮凝细胞做生物吸附剂的研究还较少。
本文中,选取了一株具有絮凝能力的酵母菌株SPSC01作为生物吸附剂,并对其去除Cr(Ⅵ)的能力进行了研究。实验过程中,对溶液pH值、吸附平衡时间、初始Cr(Ⅵ)浓度,初始菌体浓度和温度等因素进行了考察。实验结果表明pH对于吸附过程影响显著,它不仅影响自絮凝酵母去除Cr(Ⅵ)的能力,同时还影响吸附平衡时间;在最适pH条件下(pH为2.0),30至40℃温度区间内,温度对于吸附过程几乎没有影响。实验过程中分别采取Freundlich和Langmuir两种吸附等温模型对实验数据进行了拟合,拟合结果得到对于以上两种不同的模型,其线性相关系数R~2分别为0.9808和0.9836,这表明吸附过程中即存在单层吸附同时也存在复杂的多层吸附。用硝酸消化法测定菌体表面铬离子的存在形式,发现菌体表面的铬离子全部以三价铬的形式存在,因此可以证实,自絮凝酵母吸附六价铬的过程中存在着氧化还原反应将六价铬还原为三价铬。通过对吸附过程进行动力学研究,得到了一个能够准确描述自絮凝酵母吸附Cr(Ⅵ)过程的准二级反应动力学模型。
Biosorption is a process that utilizes inexpensive biomaterials to sequester heavy metals and is particularly useful for the removal of contaminants from industrial effluents.Compared with conventional methods such as ion exchange and precipitation,Biosorption process offers the advantages of low operating cost,minimization of volume of chemical and biological sludge to be disposed of,high efficiency in detoxifying very dilute effluents.These advantages have served as the primary incentives for developing biosorption processes to clean up heavy-metal pollution.Biosorption of heavy metals by yeast cells has been studied extensively in the last decade for wastewater treatment.Although flocculating yeast cells can be separated from liquid phase easily,which is desirable for large scale processes,they have been rarely used in biosorption.
In this study,a self-flocculating yeast strain,SPSC01,was utilized for the Cr(Ⅵ) removal. The ability of the self-flocculating yeast SPSC01 to remove Cr(Ⅵ) from aqueous solutions was investigated.Effect of initial pH,contact time,initial concentration of Cr(Ⅵ),initial concentration of biosorbent and temperature on the biosorption was determined and it was found that pH was a significant factor affecting not only the removal ability of Cr(Ⅵ) by the self-flocculating yeast but also the contact time required for the biosorption equilibrium,with an optimum of 2.0,while no significant impact of temperature from 30 to 40℃on the biosorption was observed.The fitness of the experimental data for the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models was further examined and good correlations with R~2=0.9808 and 0.9836 were observed,indicating both monolayer biosorption and the presence of heterogeneous surface conditions.Since only Cr(Ⅲ) was detected in the solution after the self-flocculating yeast adsorbed with Cr(Ⅵ) was treated by HNO_3 under high temperature,the mechanism of the biosorption was deduced to be the reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) into Cr(Ⅲ) on the surfaces of the self-flocculating yeast,and a pseudo second-order kinetic model was developed to describe the biosorption process.
本文中,选取了一株具有絮凝能力的酵母菌株SPSC01作为生物吸附剂,并对其去除Cr(Ⅵ)的能力进行了研究。实验过程中,对溶液pH值、吸附平衡时间、初始Cr(Ⅵ)浓度,初始菌体浓度和温度等因素进行了考察。实验结果表明pH对于吸附过程影响显著,它不仅影响自絮凝酵母去除Cr(Ⅵ)的能力,同时还影响吸附平衡时间;在最适pH条件下(pH为2.0),30至40℃温度区间内,温度对于吸附过程几乎没有影响。实验过程中分别采取Freundlich和Langmuir两种吸附等温模型对实验数据进行了拟合,拟合结果得到对于以上两种不同的模型,其线性相关系数R~2分别为0.9808和0.9836,这表明吸附过程中即存在单层吸附同时也存在复杂的多层吸附。用硝酸消化法测定菌体表面铬离子的存在形式,发现菌体表面的铬离子全部以三价铬的形式存在,因此可以证实,自絮凝酵母吸附六价铬的过程中存在着氧化还原反应将六价铬还原为三价铬。通过对吸附过程进行动力学研究,得到了一个能够准确描述自絮凝酵母吸附Cr(Ⅵ)过程的准二级反应动力学模型。
Biosorption is a process that utilizes inexpensive biomaterials to sequester heavy metals and is particularly useful for the removal of contaminants from industrial effluents.Compared with conventional methods such as ion exchange and precipitation,Biosorption process offers the advantages of low operating cost,minimization of volume of chemical and biological sludge to be disposed of,high efficiency in detoxifying very dilute effluents.These advantages have served as the primary incentives for developing biosorption processes to clean up heavy-metal pollution.Biosorption of heavy metals by yeast cells has been studied extensively in the last decade for wastewater treatment.Although flocculating yeast cells can be separated from liquid phase easily,which is desirable for large scale processes,they have been rarely used in biosorption.
In this study,a self-flocculating yeast strain,SPSC01,was utilized for the Cr(Ⅵ) removal. The ability of the self-flocculating yeast SPSC01 to remove Cr(Ⅵ) from aqueous solutions was investigated.Effect of initial pH,contact time,initial concentration of Cr(Ⅵ),initial concentration of biosorbent and temperature on the biosorption was determined and it was found that pH was a significant factor affecting not only the removal ability of Cr(Ⅵ) by the self-flocculating yeast but also the contact time required for the biosorption equilibrium,with an optimum of 2.0,while no significant impact of temperature from 30 to 40℃on the biosorption was observed.The fitness of the experimental data for the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models was further examined and good correlations with R~2=0.9808 and 0.9836 were observed,indicating both monolayer biosorption and the presence of heterogeneous surface conditions.Since only Cr(Ⅲ) was detected in the solution after the self-flocculating yeast adsorbed with Cr(Ⅵ) was treated by HNO_3 under high temperature,the mechanism of the biosorption was deduced to be the reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) into Cr(Ⅲ) on the surfaces of the self-flocculating yeast,and a pseudo second-order kinetic model was developed to describe the biosorption process.
引文
[1]王建龙,韩英健,钱易.微生物吸附金属离子的研究进展.微生物学通报,2000,27(6):449-452.
[2]TSEZOS M.Biosorption of metals:The experience accumulated and the outlook for technology development.Hydrometallurgy,2001,59(2-3):241-243.
[3]KRATOCHVIL D,VOLESKY B.Advances in the biosorption of heavy metals.Trends Biotechnol.,1998,16(7):291-300.
[4]白红娟,张肇铭,杨官娥等.球形红细菌转化去除重金属镉及其机理研究.环境科学学报,2006,26(11):1809-1814.
[5]范瑞梅,张保国,张洪勋等.克劳氏芽孢杆菌(Bacillus clausiiS-4)吸附Zn~(2+)的研究.环境工程学报,2007,1(8):44-47.
[6]黄富荣,尹华,彭辉等.红螺菌对Cu~(2+)的吸附研究.工业微生物,2005,35(1):16-20.
[7]ZOUBOULIS A I,LOUKIDOU M X,MATIS K A.Biosorption of toxic metals from aqueous solutions by bacteria strains isolated from metal-polluted soils.Process Biochem.,2004,39:909-916.
[8]ANSARI M I,MALIK A.Biosorption of nickel and cadmium by metal resistant bacterial isolates from agricultural soil irrigated with industrial wastewater.Bioresour.Technol..2007,98:3149-3153.
[9]黄民生,华丽,乐平.曲霉对水中重金属的吸附去除.上海环境科学,2002,21(2):89-92.
[10]张建梅,钮因安,孙林娟等.东京根霉对水中重金属离子铜、镍吸附的研究.湖州师范学院学报,2005,27(2):51-54.
[11]AKAR T,TUNALI S.Biosorption characteristics of aspergillus flavus biomass for removal of Pb(Ⅱ)and Cu(Ⅱ) ions from an aqueous solution.Bioresour.Technol.,2006,97:1780-1787.
[12]MELGAR M J,ALONSO J,GARCIA M A.Removal of toxic metals from aqueous solutions by fungal biomass of agaricus macrosporus.Sci.Total Environ..2007,385:12-19.
[13]POPOV V,ITOH H,PREBBIA C A,et al.Waste Management and the Environment Ⅱ.WIT press,Southamplon,Boston,2004:223-232.
[14]江用彬,季宏兵.藻类对重金属污染水体的生物修复.地理科学进展.2007,26(1):56-67.
[15]ROMERA E,GONZ(?)LEZ F,BALLESTER A,et al.Comparative study of biosorption of heavy metals using different types of algae.Bioresour.Technol.,2007,98:3344-3353.
[16]HERRERO R,LODEIRO P,ROJO R,et al.The efficiency of the red alga Mastocarpus stellatus for remediation of cadmium pollution.Bioresour.Technol.,2008,99:4138-4146.
[17]SHAIK BASHA,MURTHY Z V P.Kinetic and equilibrium models for biosorption of Cr(Ⅵ)on chemically modified seaweed,cystoseita indica.Process Boichem.,2007,42:1521-1529.
[18]刘传富,孙润仓,孙爱萍,等.农林废弃物处理工业废水的研究进展.现代化工.2006,26:84-87.
[19]唐艳茹,徐林林,李斯思.经修饰的橘子皮对重金属Zn~(2+)的吸附.长春师范学院学报:自然科学版.2007,26(2):65-68.
[20]BISWAS B K,INOUE K,GHIMIRE K N,et al.The adsorption of phosphate from an aquatic environment using metal-loaded orange waste.J.Collid Interface Sci.,2007,312:214-223.
[21]KHORMAEI M,NASERNEJAD B,EDRISI M,et al.Copper biosorption from aqueous solutions by sour orange residues.J.Hazard.Mater.,2007,149:269-274.
[22]ANNADURAI G,JUANG R S,LEE D J.Adsorption of heavy metals from water using banana and orange peels.Water Sci.Technol.,2003,47(1):185-190.
[23]GHIMIRE K N,INOUE K,HIROKI Y,et al.Adsorptive separation of arsenate and arsenite anions from aqueous medium by using orange waste.Water Res.,2003,37(20):4945-4953.
[24]DHAKAL R P,GHIMIRE K N,INOUE K,et al.Acidic polysaccharide gels for selective adsorption of lead(Ⅱ) ion.Sep.Purif.Technol.,2005,42(3):219-225.
[25]黄翔,宗浩,陈文祥等.花生壳对水溶液中铜离子的吸附特性.四川师范大学学报:自然科学版,2007,30(3):380-383.
[26]廖朝东,廖正福.花生壳的综合利用研究—花生壳改性制备重金属吸附剂初探.广西师范学院学报,2004,21(1):68-70.
[27]史晓燕,肖波,李建芬等.锯末在重金属废水处理中的应用.工业水处理,2007,27(4):9-12.
[28]LAROUS S,MENIAI A,LEHOCINE M B.Experimental study of the removal of copper from aqueous solutions by adsorption using sawdust.Desalination,2005,.185(1-3):483-490.
[29]SHUKLA S S,YU L J,DORRIS K L,et al.Removal of nickel from aqueous solutions by sawdust.J.Hazard.Mater.,2005,121(1-3):243-246.
[30]KALAVATHY M H,KARTHIKYAN T,RAJGOPAL S.Kinetic and isotherm studies of Cu(Ⅱ)adsorption onto H_3PO_4-activated rubber wood sawdust.J.Colloid Interface Sci.,2005,292(2):354-362.
[31]SHUKLA S R,PAI R S.Adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) on dye loaded groundnut shells and sawdust.Sep.Purif.Technol.,2005,43(1):1-8.
[32]CHUBAR N,CARVALHO J R,CORREIA M J N.Heavy metals biosorption on cork biomass:effect of the pretreatment.Colloids Surf.,A.,2004,238(1-3):51-58.
[33]CHUBAR N,CARVALHO J R,CARVAL H,et al.Cork biomass as biosorbent for Cu(Ⅱ),Zn(Ⅱ)and Ni(Ⅱ).Colloids Surf.,A.,2003,230(1-3):57-65.
[34]JACQUES R A,LIMAA E C,DIAS S L P,et al.Yellow passion-fruit shell as biosorbent to remove Cr(Ⅲ) and Pb(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution.Sep.Purif.Technol.,2007,57:193-198.
[35]DAHIYA S,TRIPATHI R M,HEGDE A G.Biosorption of lead and copper from aqueous solutions by pre-treated crab and arca shell biomass.Bioresour.Technol.,2008,99:179-187.
[36]FRIIS N,MYERS-KEITH P.Biosorption of uranium and lead by Streptomyces longwoodensl.Biotechnol.Bioeng.,1986,28(1):21-28.
[37]竺建荣,许玲.啤酒酵母吸附Cu~(2+)的模拟实验仁.应用与环境生物学报,1998,4(4):400-404.
[38]NABIL H,ALAA S.ABDEL R,et al.hafez.Accumlation of Some Metals on Aspergillus flavus.Chem.Tech.Biotechnol.1997,68:19-22.
[39]SUH J,KIM D,YUN J,et al.Process of Pb~(2+) accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Biotechnol.Lett.,1998,20(2):153-156.
[40]韩润平,张敬华,石杰等.羧基在酵母菌生物吸附铅时的作用.郑州大学学报(理学版),2004,36(1):86-91.
[41]SIMMONS P,SINGLETON I.A method to increase silver biosorption by an industrial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.,1996,45(122):278-285.
[42]BRADY D,DUNCAN J R.Cation loss during accumulation of heavy-metal cations by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Biotechnol.Lett.,1994,16(5):543-548.
[43]王保军,杨惠芳.微生物与重金属的相互作用.重庆环境科学,1996,18(1):35-39.
[44]VOLESKY B,HOLAN Z R.Biosorption of heavy metals.Biotechnol.Progr.,1995,11:235-250.
[45]MARQUES P,ROSA M F,Pinheiro H M.pH effects on the removal of CU~(2+),Cd~(2+),Pb~(2+) from aqueous solution by waste brewery biomass.Bioprocess.Eng.,2000,23(2):135-141.
[46]EIDE D J.The molecular biology of metal ion transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Annu.Rev.Nutri.,1998,(18):441-469.
[47]MALIK A.Metal bioremediation through growing cells.Environ.Int.,2004,30(2):261-278.
[48]王建龙.微生物表面展示技术及其在环境污染治理中的作用.中国生物工程杂志,2005,25(增刊):112-117.
[49]REDLIEH O,PETERSON D L.A useful adsorption isotherm.Physical Chem.,1959,63:1024-1035.
[50]HO Y S,MEKAY G.Batch lead(Ⅱ) removal from aqueous solution by peat:equilibriumand kineties.Process Saf.Environ.Prot.,1999,77(3):165-173.
[51]BUTLER J A V,OEKRENT C.Studies in eleetrocapillarity:PartⅢ.Physical Chemistry.1930,34:2841-2859.
[52]FRITZ W,SEHUENDER E U.Simultaneous adsorption equilibria of organie solution indilute aqueous solution on activate carbon.Chem.Eng.Sei.,1974,29:1279-1288.
[53]CHONG K H,VOLESKY B.Description of two metal biosorption equilibria by langmuir-type models.Biotechnol.Bioeng.,1995,47:451-460.
[54]AI-ASHEH S,DUVNJUK Z.Binary metal sorption by Pinebark:study of equilibria and mechanism.Sep.Sci.Technol.,1998,33(9):1303-1329.
[55]MCKAY G,AL DURI B.Prediction of multicomponent adorption equilibrium data using Empirical correlations.Chem.Eng.,1989,41:9-23.
[56]AKSU Z,AEIKE L U,Kutsal T.Investigation of simultaneous biosorption of coppe(Ⅱ) and Chromium(Ⅵ)on dried Chlorella vulgaris from binary metalmixture:applieation of Multicomponent adsorption isotherm.Sep.Sci.Technol.,1999,34(3):501-524.
[57]VASUDEVAN P,PADMAVATHY V,DHINGRA S C.Kinetics of biosorption of cadmium on baker's yeast.Bioresour.Technol.,2003,89(3):281-287.
[58]KAPOORA,VIRARAGHAVAN T.Fungal biosorption-an alternative treatment option for heavymetal bearingwastewaters:a review.Bioresour.Technol.,1995,53(3):195-206.
[59]王建龙.生物固定化技术与水污染控制.北京:科学出版社,2002.233-248.
[60]BINGOL A,UCUN H,BAYHAN Y K,et al.Removal ofchromte anions from aqueous stream by a cationic surfactant modified yeast.Bioresour.Technol.,2004,94(3):245-249.
[61]WANG J L.Biosorption of copper(Ⅱ) by chemically modified biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Process Biochem.,2002,37(8):847-850.
[62]GHARIEBM M,GADD GM.Role of glutathione in detoxification of metals by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Biometals.2004,17(2):183-188.
[63]RAMSAY L M,GADD G M.Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae defective in vacuolar function confirm a role for the vacuole in toxic metal ion detoxification.FEMS Microbiol.Lett.,1997,152(2):293-298.
[64]KURODA K,UEDA M.Bioadsorption of cadmium ion by cell surface-engineered yeasts displaying metallothionein and hexa-His.Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.,2003,63(2):182-186.
[65]ALOYSIUS R,KARIM M I A,AR A B.The mechanism of cadmium removal from aqueous solution by nonmetabolizing free and immobilized live biomass of Rhizopus oligosporus.World J.Microbiol.Biotechnol.,1999,15:571-578.
[66]MARISTELLA A D,HEIZIR F C,PATRICIA F P,et al.Removal of heavy metals from stainless steel effluents by waste biomass from Brazilian alcoholic beverage production.World J.Microbiol.Biotechnol.,2000,16:107-108.
[67]JUANITA C M,ESTELA T P,BETHSAIDA M A.Biosorption and desorption studies of chronium(Ⅵ) by free and immobilized Rhizobium(BVJ12) cell biomass.Biodegradation.1997,8:275-285.
[68]FOGARTY R V,DOSTALEK P.Metal removal by immobilised and non-immobilised Azolla filiculoides.Biotechnol.Tech.,1999,13:533-538.
[69]PATZAK M,ROBERT V,FOGARTY R V,etal.Development of magnetic biosorbents for metal uptake.Biotechnol.Tech.,1997,11(7):483-487.
[70]QUINTELAS C,TAVARES T.Removal of chromium(Ⅵ) and cadmium(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution by a bacterial biofilm supported on granular activated carbon.Biotechnol.Lett.,2001,23:1349-1353.
[71]RAMA RK,UMA L.Biosorption of toxic metal marinecyano bacterium,Phormidium valderianum.Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.,1999,15:729-732.
[72]KEDARI C S,DAS S K,GHOSH S.Biosorption of long lived radionuclides using immobilized cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.World J.Microbiol.Biotechnol.,2001,17:789-793.
[73]PARK J K.,KIM W S,CHANG H N.Specific Cd~(2+) uptake of encapsulated Aureobasidium pullulans biosorbents.Biotechnol.Lett.,2001,23:1391-1396.
[2]TSEZOS M.Biosorption of metals:The experience accumulated and the outlook for technology development.Hydrometallurgy,2001,59(2-3):241-243.
[3]KRATOCHVIL D,VOLESKY B.Advances in the biosorption of heavy metals.Trends Biotechnol.,1998,16(7):291-300.
[4]白红娟,张肇铭,杨官娥等.球形红细菌转化去除重金属镉及其机理研究.环境科学学报,2006,26(11):1809-1814.
[5]范瑞梅,张保国,张洪勋等.克劳氏芽孢杆菌(Bacillus clausiiS-4)吸附Zn~(2+)的研究.环境工程学报,2007,1(8):44-47.
[6]黄富荣,尹华,彭辉等.红螺菌对Cu~(2+)的吸附研究.工业微生物,2005,35(1):16-20.
[7]ZOUBOULIS A I,LOUKIDOU M X,MATIS K A.Biosorption of toxic metals from aqueous solutions by bacteria strains isolated from metal-polluted soils.Process Biochem.,2004,39:909-916.
[8]ANSARI M I,MALIK A.Biosorption of nickel and cadmium by metal resistant bacterial isolates from agricultural soil irrigated with industrial wastewater.Bioresour.Technol..2007,98:3149-3153.
[9]黄民生,华丽,乐平.曲霉对水中重金属的吸附去除.上海环境科学,2002,21(2):89-92.
[10]张建梅,钮因安,孙林娟等.东京根霉对水中重金属离子铜、镍吸附的研究.湖州师范学院学报,2005,27(2):51-54.
[11]AKAR T,TUNALI S.Biosorption characteristics of aspergillus flavus biomass for removal of Pb(Ⅱ)and Cu(Ⅱ) ions from an aqueous solution.Bioresour.Technol.,2006,97:1780-1787.
[12]MELGAR M J,ALONSO J,GARCIA M A.Removal of toxic metals from aqueous solutions by fungal biomass of agaricus macrosporus.Sci.Total Environ..2007,385:12-19.
[13]POPOV V,ITOH H,PREBBIA C A,et al.Waste Management and the Environment Ⅱ.WIT press,Southamplon,Boston,2004:223-232.
[14]江用彬,季宏兵.藻类对重金属污染水体的生物修复.地理科学进展.2007,26(1):56-67.
[15]ROMERA E,GONZ(?)LEZ F,BALLESTER A,et al.Comparative study of biosorption of heavy metals using different types of algae.Bioresour.Technol.,2007,98:3344-3353.
[16]HERRERO R,LODEIRO P,ROJO R,et al.The efficiency of the red alga Mastocarpus stellatus for remediation of cadmium pollution.Bioresour.Technol.,2008,99:4138-4146.
[17]SHAIK BASHA,MURTHY Z V P.Kinetic and equilibrium models for biosorption of Cr(Ⅵ)on chemically modified seaweed,cystoseita indica.Process Boichem.,2007,42:1521-1529.
[18]刘传富,孙润仓,孙爱萍,等.农林废弃物处理工业废水的研究进展.现代化工.2006,26:84-87.
[19]唐艳茹,徐林林,李斯思.经修饰的橘子皮对重金属Zn~(2+)的吸附.长春师范学院学报:自然科学版.2007,26(2):65-68.
[20]BISWAS B K,INOUE K,GHIMIRE K N,et al.The adsorption of phosphate from an aquatic environment using metal-loaded orange waste.J.Collid Interface Sci.,2007,312:214-223.
[21]KHORMAEI M,NASERNEJAD B,EDRISI M,et al.Copper biosorption from aqueous solutions by sour orange residues.J.Hazard.Mater.,2007,149:269-274.
[22]ANNADURAI G,JUANG R S,LEE D J.Adsorption of heavy metals from water using banana and orange peels.Water Sci.Technol.,2003,47(1):185-190.
[23]GHIMIRE K N,INOUE K,HIROKI Y,et al.Adsorptive separation of arsenate and arsenite anions from aqueous medium by using orange waste.Water Res.,2003,37(20):4945-4953.
[24]DHAKAL R P,GHIMIRE K N,INOUE K,et al.Acidic polysaccharide gels for selective adsorption of lead(Ⅱ) ion.Sep.Purif.Technol.,2005,42(3):219-225.
[25]黄翔,宗浩,陈文祥等.花生壳对水溶液中铜离子的吸附特性.四川师范大学学报:自然科学版,2007,30(3):380-383.
[26]廖朝东,廖正福.花生壳的综合利用研究—花生壳改性制备重金属吸附剂初探.广西师范学院学报,2004,21(1):68-70.
[27]史晓燕,肖波,李建芬等.锯末在重金属废水处理中的应用.工业水处理,2007,27(4):9-12.
[28]LAROUS S,MENIAI A,LEHOCINE M B.Experimental study of the removal of copper from aqueous solutions by adsorption using sawdust.Desalination,2005,.185(1-3):483-490.
[29]SHUKLA S S,YU L J,DORRIS K L,et al.Removal of nickel from aqueous solutions by sawdust.J.Hazard.Mater.,2005,121(1-3):243-246.
[30]KALAVATHY M H,KARTHIKYAN T,RAJGOPAL S.Kinetic and isotherm studies of Cu(Ⅱ)adsorption onto H_3PO_4-activated rubber wood sawdust.J.Colloid Interface Sci.,2005,292(2):354-362.
[31]SHUKLA S R,PAI R S.Adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) on dye loaded groundnut shells and sawdust.Sep.Purif.Technol.,2005,43(1):1-8.
[32]CHUBAR N,CARVALHO J R,CORREIA M J N.Heavy metals biosorption on cork biomass:effect of the pretreatment.Colloids Surf.,A.,2004,238(1-3):51-58.
[33]CHUBAR N,CARVALHO J R,CARVAL H,et al.Cork biomass as biosorbent for Cu(Ⅱ),Zn(Ⅱ)and Ni(Ⅱ).Colloids Surf.,A.,2003,230(1-3):57-65.
[34]JACQUES R A,LIMAA E C,DIAS S L P,et al.Yellow passion-fruit shell as biosorbent to remove Cr(Ⅲ) and Pb(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution.Sep.Purif.Technol.,2007,57:193-198.
[35]DAHIYA S,TRIPATHI R M,HEGDE A G.Biosorption of lead and copper from aqueous solutions by pre-treated crab and arca shell biomass.Bioresour.Technol.,2008,99:179-187.
[36]FRIIS N,MYERS-KEITH P.Biosorption of uranium and lead by Streptomyces longwoodensl.Biotechnol.Bioeng.,1986,28(1):21-28.
[37]竺建荣,许玲.啤酒酵母吸附Cu~(2+)的模拟实验仁.应用与环境生物学报,1998,4(4):400-404.
[38]NABIL H,ALAA S.ABDEL R,et al.hafez.Accumlation of Some Metals on Aspergillus flavus.Chem.Tech.Biotechnol.1997,68:19-22.
[39]SUH J,KIM D,YUN J,et al.Process of Pb~(2+) accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Biotechnol.Lett.,1998,20(2):153-156.
[40]韩润平,张敬华,石杰等.羧基在酵母菌生物吸附铅时的作用.郑州大学学报(理学版),2004,36(1):86-91.
[41]SIMMONS P,SINGLETON I.A method to increase silver biosorption by an industrial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.,1996,45(122):278-285.
[42]BRADY D,DUNCAN J R.Cation loss during accumulation of heavy-metal cations by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Biotechnol.Lett.,1994,16(5):543-548.
[43]王保军,杨惠芳.微生物与重金属的相互作用.重庆环境科学,1996,18(1):35-39.
[44]VOLESKY B,HOLAN Z R.Biosorption of heavy metals.Biotechnol.Progr.,1995,11:235-250.
[45]MARQUES P,ROSA M F,Pinheiro H M.pH effects on the removal of CU~(2+),Cd~(2+),Pb~(2+) from aqueous solution by waste brewery biomass.Bioprocess.Eng.,2000,23(2):135-141.
[46]EIDE D J.The molecular biology of metal ion transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Annu.Rev.Nutri.,1998,(18):441-469.
[47]MALIK A.Metal bioremediation through growing cells.Environ.Int.,2004,30(2):261-278.
[48]王建龙.微生物表面展示技术及其在环境污染治理中的作用.中国生物工程杂志,2005,25(增刊):112-117.
[49]REDLIEH O,PETERSON D L.A useful adsorption isotherm.Physical Chem.,1959,63:1024-1035.
[50]HO Y S,MEKAY G.Batch lead(Ⅱ) removal from aqueous solution by peat:equilibriumand kineties.Process Saf.Environ.Prot.,1999,77(3):165-173.
[51]BUTLER J A V,OEKRENT C.Studies in eleetrocapillarity:PartⅢ.Physical Chemistry.1930,34:2841-2859.
[52]FRITZ W,SEHUENDER E U.Simultaneous adsorption equilibria of organie solution indilute aqueous solution on activate carbon.Chem.Eng.Sei.,1974,29:1279-1288.
[53]CHONG K H,VOLESKY B.Description of two metal biosorption equilibria by langmuir-type models.Biotechnol.Bioeng.,1995,47:451-460.
[54]AI-ASHEH S,DUVNJUK Z.Binary metal sorption by Pinebark:study of equilibria and mechanism.Sep.Sci.Technol.,1998,33(9):1303-1329.
[55]MCKAY G,AL DURI B.Prediction of multicomponent adorption equilibrium data using Empirical correlations.Chem.Eng.,1989,41:9-23.
[56]AKSU Z,AEIKE L U,Kutsal T.Investigation of simultaneous biosorption of coppe(Ⅱ) and Chromium(Ⅵ)on dried Chlorella vulgaris from binary metalmixture:applieation of Multicomponent adsorption isotherm.Sep.Sci.Technol.,1999,34(3):501-524.
[57]VASUDEVAN P,PADMAVATHY V,DHINGRA S C.Kinetics of biosorption of cadmium on baker's yeast.Bioresour.Technol.,2003,89(3):281-287.
[58]KAPOORA,VIRARAGHAVAN T.Fungal biosorption-an alternative treatment option for heavymetal bearingwastewaters:a review.Bioresour.Technol.,1995,53(3):195-206.
[59]王建龙.生物固定化技术与水污染控制.北京:科学出版社,2002.233-248.
[60]BINGOL A,UCUN H,BAYHAN Y K,et al.Removal ofchromte anions from aqueous stream by a cationic surfactant modified yeast.Bioresour.Technol.,2004,94(3):245-249.
[61]WANG J L.Biosorption of copper(Ⅱ) by chemically modified biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Process Biochem.,2002,37(8):847-850.
[62]GHARIEBM M,GADD GM.Role of glutathione in detoxification of metals by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Biometals.2004,17(2):183-188.
[63]RAMSAY L M,GADD G M.Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae defective in vacuolar function confirm a role for the vacuole in toxic metal ion detoxification.FEMS Microbiol.Lett.,1997,152(2):293-298.
[64]KURODA K,UEDA M.Bioadsorption of cadmium ion by cell surface-engineered yeasts displaying metallothionein and hexa-His.Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.,2003,63(2):182-186.
[65]ALOYSIUS R,KARIM M I A,AR A B.The mechanism of cadmium removal from aqueous solution by nonmetabolizing free and immobilized live biomass of Rhizopus oligosporus.World J.Microbiol.Biotechnol.,1999,15:571-578.
[66]MARISTELLA A D,HEIZIR F C,PATRICIA F P,et al.Removal of heavy metals from stainless steel effluents by waste biomass from Brazilian alcoholic beverage production.World J.Microbiol.Biotechnol.,2000,16:107-108.
[67]JUANITA C M,ESTELA T P,BETHSAIDA M A.Biosorption and desorption studies of chronium(Ⅵ) by free and immobilized Rhizobium(BVJ12) cell biomass.Biodegradation.1997,8:275-285.
[68]FOGARTY R V,DOSTALEK P.Metal removal by immobilised and non-immobilised Azolla filiculoides.Biotechnol.Tech.,1999,13:533-538.
[69]PATZAK M,ROBERT V,FOGARTY R V,etal.Development of magnetic biosorbents for metal uptake.Biotechnol.Tech.,1997,11(7):483-487.
[70]QUINTELAS C,TAVARES T.Removal of chromium(Ⅵ) and cadmium(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution by a bacterial biofilm supported on granular activated carbon.Biotechnol.Lett.,2001,23:1349-1353.
[71]RAMA RK,UMA L.Biosorption of toxic metal marinecyano bacterium,Phormidium valderianum.Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.,1999,15:729-732.
[72]KEDARI C S,DAS S K,GHOSH S.Biosorption of long lived radionuclides using immobilized cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.World J.Microbiol.Biotechnol.,2001,17:789-793.
[73]PARK J K.,KIM W S,CHANG H N.Specific Cd~(2+) uptake of encapsulated Aureobasidium pullulans biosorbents.Biotechnol.Lett.,2001,23:1391-1396.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |