摘要
地震勘探的目标是寻找地下油气藏,地震属性能够用来刻画地下油气藏的地质特征。地震属性是对地震数据特征的度量,地震属性反映了不同类型的物理性质。研究和分析地震属性,就是要找到某些地震属性,这些属性是与目标体地质特征或油藏特征之间有着间接或直接的关系。
Chapman理论是一个频率相关的孔隙弹性理论,这个理论预测的弹性参数随着频率变化。为了分析这种随频率变化弹性参数,本文研究了匹配逼近时频分析方法。构建一个地层模型,用Chapman理论计算目的层的含烃岩石的弹性参数,然后进行正演得到地震记录。通过应用匹配逼近时频分析方法对正演的地震记录进行分解,能够得到与频率相关的地震振幅能量变化。提取的频变属性能够指示地下油藏中烃类的分布。
地震曲率是一种重要的地震属性,它与地下断层和裂缝的分布密切相关。在本文中提出了一个新方法来计算体曲率,这个方法基于相干算法,算法原理简单且容易实现。将地震数据分成不同的频带后,对其计算能得到多尺度的体曲率。多尺度的曲率属性反映了地下不同大小的地质结构特征,能为地震解释特供更加丰富的信息。曲率属性和方位AVO的结合能为裂缝解释提供更可信的解释结果。
转换波处理是地震各向异性理论的一个重要成果。在某些构造区,转换波成像是纵波成像的重要补充。在本文中介绍了转换波理论,并处理了转换波数据。
The goal of seismic exploration is to find subsurface reserviors, and the seismic attributes can be used to characterize geologic characteristics associated with reservoirs. Seismic attributes reflect different types of physical property. The goal of research on and analysis of seismic attributes is to find some seismic attributes, which are directly/indirectly related to the desired geologic feature or reservoir property of interest.
Chapman’model is a frequency-dependent poroelastic theory. The theory predicts that the elastic coefficients change with frequency. I did some research on MP method in order to anslyze the frequency-dependent property. I made a model of four layers, and the property target layers in this model was calculated on the basis of Chapman’theory, then computed synthetic seismic data for this model. Using MP to decompose the synthetic data, the results show that the erergy of amplitudes vary with frequency. I derived a frequency-dependent seismic attributes, which can be used as a indicator of hydrocarbon distribution.
Curvature is an important seismic attribute. I propose a new approach way to calculate the curvature. My approach is derived from coherence algorithm. It is straightforward and easily implemented. Using the filtered seismic data, curvatures of different scales can be obtained. Curvatures of different scales reflect geological feactures of different sizes, and provide more information for seismic interpretation. The combination of curvature and AVO can result in a robust interpretation for fracture.
The technique of processing converted wave is a new outcome of seismic anisotropy theory. Converted wave imaging is complementary to P wave imaging in some area.
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