李渔年谱考叙·初编
摘要
本文是《李渔年谱考叙》的第一部分,以传统年谱框架结构全篇,采用考叙结合的方式对明末清初著名戏曲家、小说家、出版家、鉴赏家、社会活动家李渔早期的生活状况、思想历程、创作道路进行综合性研究。文内利用李渔著述、《龙门李氏宗谱》及其他相关材料对李渔家世、生年、早岁姓名字号、成长经历等方面进行深入考证,基本弄清了李渔前半生的主要活动状况。李渔明神宗万历三十九年(1611)生于如皋,其后回到浙江兰溪故籍生活。李渔回浙时间一直是学术界聚讼纷纭的一大问题,通过研究,本文考定李渔至少在十五岁即明熹宗天启五年(1625)前即已回到浙江兰溪故籍,成为李渔研究领域突破性的成果。在李渔家世问题上,本文综合正史、别集、笔记、宗谱等多种材料,前后观照,推导出一个清晰完整的结论。据研究,李渔祖居浙江金华府兰溪县夏李,其家累世学医。李渔父如松属“出外商贾者”,有在如皋经营医药之可能,李渔生于如皋当与此有关。医家在兰溪当地社会地位不高,因此长辈将改换门庭的希望寄托在李渔身上,为他取名仙侣,命字谪凡,期望他以李膺、李白为楷则,通过科举之途光大李氏门庭。李渔十五岁前随生母蒋氏回到兰溪,入学读书,长期奉母家居,并在明崇祯元年(1628)前后于当地完婚。崇祯二年(1629)李如松去世后,李渔守制期满,一度离家远行,旅途中备历艰辛,据各种迹象推断,此行可能与其家经营事有关。李渔崇祯八年(635)参加童子试,受督学佥事许豸赏拔,成为府庠生。其后功名蹭蹬,乡试两度落榜。崇祯十五年(1642)李渔母蒋氏去世,李渔哀痛之馀,思及庐墓之义,欲建伊山别业,结果因经济拮据而中辍。崇祯十六年(1643)许都乱起,李渔被迫携家避乱。崇祯十七年(1644)明朝覆灭,溃兵窜扰兰溪,李家在城内的住宅乱中被焚。李渔入金华知府许宸章幕,得许支持,在伊山营构别业。清世祖顺治三年(1646),清兵攻陷金华,李渔归隐伊山,并在此期间正式由仙侣改名为李渔。顺治九年(1652),李渔因故携家投奔金坛虞巍,并在此期间完成《怜香伴》和《风筝误》两部剧作,并经虞巍介绍,成为沈自晋《南词新谱》的参阅者之一,从此正式登上文坛。顺治十一年(1654),李渔移家杭州,以著述出版为业,逐步走向创作的旺盛时期。
The thesis, which is a part of The Annalist-style Record of Li Yu's Life, has a traditional structure and studies the living condition, thought process and creative way of Li Yu, the great dramatist, novelist, publisher, connoisseur and social activist who lived in late Ming and early Qing dynasty. Based on Li Yu works, genealogy of Longmen Li Family and other materials, the thesis deeply researches family, birth year, early growing experience, official name, courtesy name and other names of Li Yu and gets clear images of activity of the first half of Li Yu's life. Li Yu was born in Rugao in 1611,and then moved back to his hometown Lanxi. The time of Li Yu's return back to Zhejiang has been a heated point of argument in the academic circle, the thesis makes an major achievement in Li Yu research field by giving the answer on the question, Li Yu came back to his hometown before he was 15 year's old. As to the origin of Li Yu's family, the thesis draws a clear and complete conclusion by referring to a series of materials such as historical records, collected works, sketchbooks and genealogy. Li Yu's ancestral home was Lanxi county, prefecture of Jinhua, Zhejiang province, the family people studied traditional Chinese medical science for generations. Li Rusong, Li Yu'father, who went out for business, maybe engaged in trade in Rugao, so Li Yu was born there. In Lanxi, the social status of traditional Chinese medical family was not high, so Li Yu's elders hoped that he could upgrade their family background and raise their social status when he grew up. They gave him an official name Xianlu and a courtesy name Zhefan, in order to encourage him to follow the example of Li Ying and Li Bai, a famous politician in Han dynasty and a great poet in Tang dynasty. Li Yu went to old-style private school and lived at home with his mother after their returning hometown. Around 1628, Li Yu married in Lanxi. Li Rusong died at 1629, Li Yu observed a period of mourning for his deceased father, after that he travelled far from home and suffered a great deal on passage, concerning investigations show that the travel was associated with the family business. In 1635 Li Yu participated in the primary imperial examination. Appreciated by Xu Zhi, the educational inspector of Zhejiang province, he became a xiucai. Li Yu continued to attend intermediate imperial examination, but failed twice. Li Yu's mother died at 1635, Li Yu was in deep grief and tried to build a villa in Yishan hill in order that he can keep watch for his mother. The plan failed because Li Yu was short of money at that time. In 1643, Li Yu was obliged to avoid the armed rebellion launched by Xu Du with his family. Ming dynasty fell in 1644, Li Yu's residence in Lanxi county town was burned by passing army. Then Li Yu was appointed as a private assistant to Xu Chenzhang, magistrate of prefecture of Jinhua. In Xu Chenzhang's Support, Li Yu built a villa in Yishan hill. Prefecture of Jinhua was occupied by Qing army in 1646, after that, Li Yu reclused to his Yishan villa and settled down, then abolished the original name Xianlu and renamed Li Yu. In 1652, Li Yu took his family to go to Jintan county where his friend Yu Wei lived in for shelter. During this period, Li Yu completed two plays:Close Female Companions and A Comedy About a Kite. Through Yu Wei's introduction, Li Yu became one of the reviewers of A New Collection of Southern Tunes Lyrics, a book compiled by Shen Zijin, a famous playwright and scholar, and the participation signified that Li Yu had successfully got into the writer and scholar clique. Li Yu moved to Hangzhou in 1654, he wrote and published, and entered a thriving phase of literary creation.
The thesis, which is a part of The Annalist-style Record of Li Yu's Life, has a traditional structure and studies the living condition, thought process and creative way of Li Yu, the great dramatist, novelist, publisher, connoisseur and social activist who lived in late Ming and early Qing dynasty. Based on Li Yu works, genealogy of Longmen Li Family and other materials, the thesis deeply researches family, birth year, early growing experience, official name, courtesy name and other names of Li Yu and gets clear images of activity of the first half of Li Yu's life. Li Yu was born in Rugao in 1611,and then moved back to his hometown Lanxi. The time of Li Yu's return back to Zhejiang has been a heated point of argument in the academic circle, the thesis makes an major achievement in Li Yu research field by giving the answer on the question, Li Yu came back to his hometown before he was 15 year's old. As to the origin of Li Yu's family, the thesis draws a clear and complete conclusion by referring to a series of materials such as historical records, collected works, sketchbooks and genealogy. Li Yu's ancestral home was Lanxi county, prefecture of Jinhua, Zhejiang province, the family people studied traditional Chinese medical science for generations. Li Rusong, Li Yu'father, who went out for business, maybe engaged in trade in Rugao, so Li Yu was born there. In Lanxi, the social status of traditional Chinese medical family was not high, so Li Yu's elders hoped that he could upgrade their family background and raise their social status when he grew up. They gave him an official name Xianlu and a courtesy name Zhefan, in order to encourage him to follow the example of Li Ying and Li Bai, a famous politician in Han dynasty and a great poet in Tang dynasty. Li Yu went to old-style private school and lived at home with his mother after their returning hometown. Around 1628, Li Yu married in Lanxi. Li Rusong died at 1629, Li Yu observed a period of mourning for his deceased father, after that he travelled far from home and suffered a great deal on passage, concerning investigations show that the travel was associated with the family business. In 1635 Li Yu participated in the primary imperial examination. Appreciated by Xu Zhi, the educational inspector of Zhejiang province, he became a xiucai. Li Yu continued to attend intermediate imperial examination, but failed twice. Li Yu's mother died at 1635, Li Yu was in deep grief and tried to build a villa in Yishan hill in order that he can keep watch for his mother. The plan failed because Li Yu was short of money at that time. In 1643, Li Yu was obliged to avoid the armed rebellion launched by Xu Du with his family. Ming dynasty fell in 1644, Li Yu's residence in Lanxi county town was burned by passing army. Then Li Yu was appointed as a private assistant to Xu Chenzhang, magistrate of prefecture of Jinhua. In Xu Chenzhang's Support, Li Yu built a villa in Yishan hill. Prefecture of Jinhua was occupied by Qing army in 1646, after that, Li Yu reclused to his Yishan villa and settled down, then abolished the original name Xianlu and renamed Li Yu. In 1652, Li Yu took his family to go to Jintan county where his friend Yu Wei lived in for shelter. During this period, Li Yu completed two plays:Close Female Companions and A Comedy About a Kite. Through Yu Wei's introduction, Li Yu became one of the reviewers of A New Collection of Southern Tunes Lyrics, a book compiled by Shen Zijin, a famous playwright and scholar, and the participation signified that Li Yu had successfully got into the writer and scholar clique. Li Yu moved to Hangzhou in 1654, he wrote and published, and entered a thriving phase of literary creation.
引文
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