模式驱动的GIS应用集成研究
摘要
由于管理以及网络体系建设等方面的原因，GIS（Geographic Information System，地理信息系统）与应用系统在客观上形成了众多分散的、异构的、相互封闭的“信息孤岛”，致使信息共享和功能交互困难。而各行业或部门对GIS应用集成（GIS ApplicationIntegration,GAI）的需求日益迫切。在目前的GAI研究与应用中，存在着集成理论缺乏、集成模式划分不够完善、技术开放性不足以及没有统一的框架体系等问题。本文在对系统集成理论、基于组件的软件分层设计与应用集成技术深入研究的基础上，提出了一种模式驱动的GAI框架，分别从架构模式、设计模式和实现模式三个层面对其进行了深入和系统的研究，并以电子政务中的GIS应用集成为实例来对本文的研究成果进行论证。
本文提出了一种模式驱动的GAI框架，根据对集成问题处理粒度的不同，将其由高到低分为三个层面：GAI架构模式、GAI设计模式和GAI实现模式，并给出了相应的数学定义和特征描述，论证了框架中三个层面之间的相互关系和交互机制。与现有的GAI研究相比，本文提出的GAI框架具有明显的分层和模式驱动特性，通过层次化分析方法，按照不同层面解决不同问题的原则，通过由高到低依次对位于不同层面上模式的研究，实现GIS应用集成。
本文设计了一种具有普遍指导意义的分层集成架构模型LGIA，针对GAI设计模式的三种基本类型——紧密集成、完全集成和松散集成，对LGIA模型中各层的实现模式进行了深入和系统的研究，有效地解决了GIS与应用系统之间在用户界面统一、功能交互和数据共享等方面所存在的问题，实现了将主流应用集成技术引入GAI实现模式的研究。紧密集成方式下的协同集成采用基于Web层的协同集成机制；完全集成方式下的解耦集成是一种耦合度很高的复杂集成，需要通过基于工作流技术的“初级解耦”和基于轻量级集成框架的“高级解耦”进行“两级解耦”；基于松散集成方式的并行集成关键在于数据的集成，提出了基于空间数据引擎的数据管理模式、基于中间库的数据集成模式、中间库构建方案、空间数据的静态访问和动态访问方式、基于逻辑关系的转换库构建模式、基于数据访问模板的转换库访问等面向不同分层的实现技术和方法。
本文以电子政务中的GIS应用集成为实例，通过建立模式驱动的GAI框架和对其架构模式、设计模式与实现模式的分析，提出了构建GAI系统的流程，给出了相应的集成系统设计策略，从而将复杂的GAI系统构建转化为对GAI框架的研究，根据实际需求所对应的具体设计模式，对相应的层次运用适合的实现模式，从而使分层架构模式中的各个层次专注于解决不同层面的集成问题，为GAI系统构建提供了一种基于模式驱动的方法和思路。
In the current research of GIS application integration, there are problems of lack ofintegration theory, imperfect integration model partitioning, insufficient technology openness, nouniform framework system and so on. Based on theory of system integration and thoroughresearch for component-based software layer design and application integration technology,this paper introduces a pattern-driven GAI framework, makes an in-depth and systematicstudy separately from architectural pattern, design pattern and implementation pattern at threelevels, and demonstrates the results of this study through a GAI design example in egovernment.
This paper effectively implements introducing EAI framework pattern, layered softwarearchitecture and component assembled theory into pattern-driven GAI framework study,proposes three levels of GAI framework - layered GAI integration architecture (LGIA) pattern,GAI design pattern based on atomic assembled integration and GAI implementation patternbased on application oriented components (AOCs) and composition operators, and gives thecorresponding mathematical definition and characterization description, demonstrates therelationship and the interaction mechanism between three levels in framework.
This paper, separately based on tight integration, full integration and loose integrationmanners in GAI design pattern, makes a study of GAI Implementation pattern, points outabstraction layers in GAI architecture pattern correspond to three integration manners andtheir implementation technique or method, and gives the corresponding GAI frameworkmathematical definition. GIS cooperation integration in tight integration mode adoptscollaborative integrated mechanism based on web layer; GIS decoupling Integration in fullintegration mode is a high coupled complex integration, needs "two decoupling" consisting of"primary decoupling" based on workflow technology and "Advanced Decoupling" based onlightweight integration framework to decouple; The key of GIS parallel integration based onloose integrated mode lies in data integration, and some implementation techniques andmethods are proposed, which oriented to different layers.
In this paper, through establishing LGIA theoretical system and studing its workingmechanisms and implementation model, the process of building a GIS integrated systembased on LGIA is proposed, the GIS integrated system design strategy based LGIA is given,complex GIS integration is transformed into systematic hierarchical design. The differentlayers use suitable integration patterns, so that all layers can focus on solving the integrationissues at different layers in GIS integration, to achieve loose coupling and goodinteroperability between the layers. It provides a new method and idea for GIS integrated system design.
本文提出了一种模式驱动的GAI框架，根据对集成问题处理粒度的不同，将其由高到低分为三个层面：GAI架构模式、GAI设计模式和GAI实现模式，并给出了相应的数学定义和特征描述，论证了框架中三个层面之间的相互关系和交互机制。与现有的GAI研究相比，本文提出的GAI框架具有明显的分层和模式驱动特性，通过层次化分析方法，按照不同层面解决不同问题的原则，通过由高到低依次对位于不同层面上模式的研究，实现GIS应用集成。
本文设计了一种具有普遍指导意义的分层集成架构模型LGIA，针对GAI设计模式的三种基本类型——紧密集成、完全集成和松散集成，对LGIA模型中各层的实现模式进行了深入和系统的研究，有效地解决了GIS与应用系统之间在用户界面统一、功能交互和数据共享等方面所存在的问题，实现了将主流应用集成技术引入GAI实现模式的研究。紧密集成方式下的协同集成采用基于Web层的协同集成机制；完全集成方式下的解耦集成是一种耦合度很高的复杂集成，需要通过基于工作流技术的“初级解耦”和基于轻量级集成框架的“高级解耦”进行“两级解耦”；基于松散集成方式的并行集成关键在于数据的集成，提出了基于空间数据引擎的数据管理模式、基于中间库的数据集成模式、中间库构建方案、空间数据的静态访问和动态访问方式、基于逻辑关系的转换库构建模式、基于数据访问模板的转换库访问等面向不同分层的实现技术和方法。
本文以电子政务中的GIS应用集成为实例，通过建立模式驱动的GAI框架和对其架构模式、设计模式与实现模式的分析，提出了构建GAI系统的流程，给出了相应的集成系统设计策略，从而将复杂的GAI系统构建转化为对GAI框架的研究，根据实际需求所对应的具体设计模式，对相应的层次运用适合的实现模式，从而使分层架构模式中的各个层次专注于解决不同层面的集成问题，为GAI系统构建提供了一种基于模式驱动的方法和思路。
In the current research of GIS application integration, there are problems of lack ofintegration theory, imperfect integration model partitioning, insufficient technology openness, nouniform framework system and so on. Based on theory of system integration and thoroughresearch for component-based software layer design and application integration technology,this paper introduces a pattern-driven GAI framework, makes an in-depth and systematicstudy separately from architectural pattern, design pattern and implementation pattern at threelevels, and demonstrates the results of this study through a GAI design example in egovernment.
This paper effectively implements introducing EAI framework pattern, layered softwarearchitecture and component assembled theory into pattern-driven GAI framework study,proposes three levels of GAI framework - layered GAI integration architecture (LGIA) pattern,GAI design pattern based on atomic assembled integration and GAI implementation patternbased on application oriented components (AOCs) and composition operators, and gives thecorresponding mathematical definition and characterization description, demonstrates therelationship and the interaction mechanism between three levels in framework.
This paper, separately based on tight integration, full integration and loose integrationmanners in GAI design pattern, makes a study of GAI Implementation pattern, points outabstraction layers in GAI architecture pattern correspond to three integration manners andtheir implementation technique or method, and gives the corresponding GAI frameworkmathematical definition. GIS cooperation integration in tight integration mode adoptscollaborative integrated mechanism based on web layer; GIS decoupling Integration in fullintegration mode is a high coupled complex integration, needs "two decoupling" consisting of"primary decoupling" based on workflow technology and "Advanced Decoupling" based onlightweight integration framework to decouple; The key of GIS parallel integration based onloose integrated mode lies in data integration, and some implementation techniques andmethods are proposed, which oriented to different layers.
In this paper, through establishing LGIA theoretical system and studing its workingmechanisms and implementation model, the process of building a GIS integrated systembased on LGIA is proposed, the GIS integrated system design strategy based LGIA is given,complex GIS integration is transformed into systematic hierarchical design. The differentlayers use suitable integration patterns, so that all layers can focus on solving the integrationissues at different layers in GIS integration, to achieve loose coupling and goodinteroperability between the layers. It provides a new method and idea for GIS integrated system design.
引文
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