摘要
伪随机多频信号由何继善院士发明和命名，该信号带宽可控，其能量集中在数个在对数坐标上呈等间距分布的频率上，是电法勘探的理想场源。以此为励信号的伪随机多频电磁法勘探，不仅具有时间域电法勘探工作效率高、在单次测量中获取丰富信息的优点，而且具有频率域电法勘探抗干扰能力强、仪器轻便的优点。本文在双频激电和伪随机三频激电观测系统研究的基础上，对伪随机多频电磁法观测系统进行了系统研究，研究内容包括伪随机多频信号、多频相对相位谱激电法、计算机仿真技术在电法仪器研制和评价中的应用、伪随机多频电磁法信号的数字信号处理方法、伪随机多频电磁法信号发送机、伪随机多频电磁法信号接收机、伪随机多频电磁法数据采集软件的设计及实现等一系列方法技术。
在伪随机多频信号的研究中，根据伪随机多频波的特点，得出了伪随机多频波在时间域上的表达式，在此基础上导出了伪随机多频波在频率域上的表达式。通过对比伪随机多频波和常规电法中使用的方波的频谱和功率分配，证明伪随机多频信号作为频率域电法勘探场源具有工作效率高、电源利用率高、装备轻便、精度高等优点，是电法勘探的理想场源。
本文在激电相对相位法的基础上提出了激电相对相位谱观测法，并定义了相对相位谱公式。相对相位观测不需要发送机与接收机之间的同步，同时对电磁耦合效应进行了一阶改正。利用伪随机多频信号作为场源的多频相对相位谱观测法拥有相对相位观测法的优点，同时为异常源的区分提供丰富的信息。本文通过计算具有代表性的COLE-COLE模型的相对相位谱和相位谱，说明相对相位谱观测在异常的反映上与绝对相位谱观测具有相同的能力。野外的试验结果说明多频相对相位谱观测确实能够压制耦合感应。多频激电相对相位谱法充分发挥了伪随机多频信号作为电法勘探场源的优点，可在找水，找矿等勘探中发挥重要作用。
计算机仿真技术广泛应用于航空航天、雷达、电力等领域复杂控
制系统的分析、设计和改进中。本文针对利用传统方法研制电法仪器
面临周期长、成本高、风险大等问题，首次将计算机仿真技术应用于
电法仪器的设计、优化、和改进中。通过对传统的双频激电仪、相对
相位激电仪和基于数字信号处理的新一代电法仪器的仿真研究，说明
仿真技术可以在各种电法仪器的设计、优化和改进中发挥重要作用。
在电法仪器研究中采用仿真技术，可以大大缩短电法仪器的研制周
期、降低仪器开发的成本和风险。
本文针对数字信号处理技术将广泛应用于各种电法仪器中这一发
展趋势，提出了在电法勘探中行之有效的数字信号处理技术，并成功
应用于研制的伪随机多频电磁法观测系统中。利用数字信号处理技
术，不但完善了原有的多频激电法，还同时实现了多频电磁法和其它
电法勘探方法。在完全不需要发送机和接收机之间硬件同步的情况
下，利用数字自适应相关同步法，实现了多频激电相对相位谱的可靠
观测。由于不需要发送机与接收机之间的硬件同步，降低了整个观测
系统的体积、重量、功耗和成本，同时提高了整个观测系统的测量效
率。
在多频电磁法观测系统的硬软件集成中，紧跟国际上具有代表性
电磁法仪器高精度、多功能、多参数的发展趋势，使该系统不但能开
展以伪随机多频信号作为场源的多种电法勘探方法(如多频SIP、多
频CSAMT)，还能开展各种常规的电法勘探方法(如电阻率法、TDIP、
FDIP、SIP、TEM、FEM、C SAMT、AMT、MT等);瞄准了目前世
界上最新电子技术，采用了高精度、低噪声、低功耗精密仪器放大器，
及程控放大器、门阵列、24位A刃转换器、工业控制计算机、电力
电子器件等新特器件，使研制的多频电磁法观测系统具有较高的水
平。采用面向对象分析与设计技术，提出了多功能电磁法观测系统的
面向对象模型，在W环旧OWS环境下实现了可视化的数据采集软件，
而国外同类仪器仅实现了DOS环境下的数据采集。
通过对仪器进行的RC网络试验、水槽试验、抗干扰能力试验，说
明研制的多频电磁观测系统精度高、抗干扰能力强、工作正常可靠。
Pseudo-random multi-frequency (PRMF) signal is invented and named by academician He Jishan. The bandwidth of PRMF signal is controllable, it's energy concentrates on several frequencies, which are equally spaced on log scale coordinates. It is ideal excitation source for electrical exploration. PRMF electromagnetic exploration method with PRMF signal as excitation signal, not only have time domain electromagnetic method's advantages of high work productivity, acquiring plenty information in single measurement, but also have frequency domain electromagnetic method's advantage of super anti-interference ability, and portable instrument. In this dissertation, based on the study of dual-frequency induced polarization (IP) surveying system and pseudo-random tri-frequency IP surveying system, PRMF electromagnetic survey system is studied systematically, including PRMF signal, PRMF relative phase IP, using computer simulation for design and evaluation of electrical instrument, digital signal processing of PRMF elec
tromagnetic signal, transmitter for PRMF electromagnetic method, receiver for PRMF electromagnetic method, analysis and realization of data acquisition software for PRMF electromagnetic method, and so on..
In the study of PRMF signal, based on characteristic of PRMF signal, the expression of PRMF signal in time domain and frequency domain is found. By comparing the spectrum and power distribution of PRMF signal and square wave, which is widely used in ordinary electrical exploration, the advantage of PRMF signal as current source of frequency electromagnetic method exploration, as high work productivity, high power supply utilization ratio, portable instrument, high precision, is proved. It's a ideal waveform for electrical exploration.
Based on relative phase IP method, the relative phase spectrum IP method is developed. The formula of relative phase spectrum is defined. The relative phase measurement does not need synchronization between receiver and transmitter, and carry out one order correction for
electromagnetic coupling in IP. PRMF relative phase spectrum IP method with PRMF signal as excitation has the same advantage of relative phase IP method, and offer rich information for the discrimination of anomaly source. Relative phase spectrum and phase spectrum of representative Cole-Cole IP model show that relative phase spectrum have the same ability as phase spectrum to the detection of anomaly. Field experiment result proves that PRMF spectrum have the ability to suppress electromagnetic coupling. PRMF relative phase spectrum IP show the advantage of PRMF signal as source of electrical exploration, can play important in groundwater exploration, mineral exploration, and so on.
Computer simulation technology is widely used in analysis, design, and optimization of complex control system in field of astronautics, radar, electrical power, and so on. Using traditional method develop electrical instrument face the problem of long develop period, high cost and great risk. To overcome above problems, computer simulation method is used in design, optimization, and improvement of electrical instrument. The simulation of dual-frequency IP instrument, relative phase IP instrument and new generation electrical instrument based on digital signal processing show the importance of computer simulation in design, optimization, and improvement of many kinds of electrical instrument. By using simulation in electrical instrument development, period, cost, and risk of electrical instrument development can be greatly reduced.
Digital signal processing will get wide application in different kind of electrical instrument. In this dissertation, effective digital signal processing method used in electrical exploration is developed, and used in new developed PRMF electromagnetic survey system successfully. By using digital signal processing method, not only realize multi-frequency IP method, but also realize multi-frequency electromagnetic method and other electrical prospecting methods in a instrument. At the condition of no ha
引文
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