碳酸盐岩缝—洞性储层测井综合评价方法及应用研究
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摘要
和碎屑岩储层相比,碳酸盐岩储层一个显著的特点是裂缝性,裂缝性储层由于具有比常规均质孔隙性储层更为复杂的空隙空间结构与极强的各向异性,因此,裂缝性储层测井解释评价的难度也远大于均质孔隙性储层。多年来,裂缝性储层测井评价一直是测井解释的十大难题之一,是测井解释方法研究的前沿课题。
     鉴于碳酸盐岩储层在油气储层中的重要地位和碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层的复杂性,国内外许多测井解释、方法研究专家、学者在碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层测井研究方面作了大量工作。但是,由于目前绝大部分测井方法、测井仪器都是以均质地层模型为基础,而碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层具有典型的非均质特征,因此,到目前为止,还没有形成一套系统、完善的碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层测井评价方法。
     本文正是基于上述问题及目前国内外研究的热点、前沿及测井信息的特征,旨在前人研究的基础上,针对碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层评价中遇到的一些主要问题,从实际入手,通过系统的理论与实际结合研究,建立一套相对完善、实用的碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层测井评价方法。该项研究是当今油气测井领域研究的前沿课题,其研究成果,无疑将丰富和提高碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层测井评价方法的理论与应用水平。
     针对碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层与所采集的测井信息的特点,本论文的研究主要从四个方面着手:一是开展缝—洞性储层测井机理实验研究,理论与实验结合研究缝—洞性储层的测井特征;二是开展缝—洞性储层地质特征及测井综合解释评价技术研究,针对缝—洞性储层地质特征,建立相应的测井解释方法:三是开展测井新技术在缝—洞型储层中的地质应用研究,重点研究成像测井、核磁共振测井、偶极声波测井评价缝洞性储层方法;四是开展缝—洞性储层测井评价方法现场地质应用研究,通过现场实例检验所研究的缝—洞性储层测井评价方法的应用效果。
     通过研究,圆满完成了预定的研究内容,并取得了多项对学科发展和现场生产实际具有重要意义的成果:
     (1)在分析碳酸盐岩储层储集空间特征的基础上,总结了碳酸盐岩储层的储集类型。
     (2)通过模型模拟、数字模拟和实际资料分析,研究了影响双侧向测井的各种地质因素(包括裂缝、井眼大小、泥质含量、孔隙度、流体性质、饱和度和侵入深度等),分析了相应的校正方法、并制作了相应的校正图版。
     (3)从理论上推导了不同产状的裂缝对双侧向影响的数学表达式,发现了长期以来被经常引用的用于估算裂缝孔隙度的数学模型的错误,提供了正确的数学模型。
     (4)研究了井壁成像、核磁共振和偶极声波等测井新方法用于缝-洞性储层
Compared with clasolite reservoirs, the particular character of carbonate reservoirs is fracture character. Well logging interpretation and evaluation about the fractured reservoirs is far more difficult than isotropic voided reservoirs, because the void space of fractured reservoirs is more complicated than conventional isotropic voided reservoirs, and it has terrible anisotropy. And the well logging evaluation about fractured reservoirs have been the advanced subject of the study of well logging interpretation methods.
    In view of carbonate reservoirs' important status in oil and gas reservoirs and the complexity of the carbonate fractured reservoirs, many experts and scholars on the studying logging interpretation methods home and abroad have done a lot of work on the field of logging study about carbonate fractured reservoirs. At present, most of logging methods and logging instruments are based on isotropic formation models, in turn carbonate fractured reservoirs, have the feature of typical anisotropic. As a result, up to now, no perfect logging evaluation methods on carbonate fractured reservoirs have been formed.
    Based on the above problems, present studying hot and advanced problems and the feature of logging information ,this article established a suit of comparatively perfect practical logging evaluation method on carbonate fractured reservoirs, directed at some main issues that came across in carbonate fractured reservoirs evaluation. This method proceeded from actual conditions is based on the predecessors' researches.. Nowadays the research is an advanced subject in the field of oil and gas logging research, and it's research results will enrich and improve the theory and applicative level of this method without any doubt.
    The article aimed at the feature of carbonate fractured reservoirs and logging information that is collected embarking on four main research aspects: First is carried on well logging mechanism experimental research on fractured and caved reservoirs, researched the feature of those reservoirs by combining theory and practicality; second is carried on research on the geological feature of those reservoirs and well logging integration interpretative evaluation technology, and further established corresponding logging interpretative methods; Third is carried on the research of new logging technology's geological application in these reservoirs, mainly researched the evaluation methods of fractured and caved reservoirs with imaging logging ,nuclear magnetic resonance logging and DSI; Four is carried on the live geological application research on these reservoirs , and further checking up the applicative effect of these reservoirs that were researched with logging evaluation methods by field case.
    Preconcerted research content is successfully completed by research and many achievements which are very important to the subject's development and practical field production are obtained:
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