有砟轨道沉降的概率预测模型
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摘要
轨道结构是一种力学性能随机和离散的工程结构物,在当前列车提速的情况下,列车荷载的作用使轨道结构的几何形位发生变化。因此,对轨道几何形位进行预测,可为工务部门在编制线路维修计划时提供技术支持,同时为设计部门设计铁路时对线路投入运行后的轨道变形进行预测,从而为加强轨道结构提供依据。
本文的研究目的就是要从力学的角度,通过考虑一些随机因素来预测轨道变形。因此,本文首先对国内外关于轨道几何变形的理论进行了综述,利用有限元法建立轨道有限元模型计算轨道变形,包括参数的设置、单元的选取、模型的计算长度、加载方式的选取等等。
其次,提出本文的18种计算荷载工况,给出计算的轨道参数和车辆参数,利用轮轨动力学模型计算18种工况下的轮轨动荷载,统计轮载的分布率,利用柯尔莫哥洛夫方法检验轮载分布是否服从正态分布,计算轮载统计量,如偏度、峰度和变异系数等,分析不同工况下轮载的分布特性,利用统计量研究轨道状态和速度对轮载分布特性的影响。
接着,利用沪昆线和金温线的测力轮对实测数据分别从时域和频域两个方面来研究轨道不平顺、轮载和车体垂向振动加速度三者之间的相关性,进而研究轨道不平顺的波长同车体振动加速度之间的关系,并对实测的现场轮载数据进行柯尔莫哥洛夫检验,同前文的研究成果对照。
再次,在国内外关于道床变形特性及其影响因素研究的基础上,提出本文所要研究的影响变形的主要因素,即荷载作用次数、荷载大小、道床密实度和轨道弹性。再根据文献确定道床变形模量和荷载作用次数之间的关系、道床塑性累积变形百分率和荷载作用次数之间的关系、道床应力分布同变形之间的关系、道床密实度同道床变形模量之间的关系以及轨道弹性同轨道变形之间的关系,然后在以上研究的基础上,利用轨道有限元模型计算一定荷载分布率作用下道床沿线路里程的塑性累积变形曲线,再利用柯尔莫哥洛夫检验变形是否服从正态分布,预测出一定运量下轨道不平顺的前后变化曲线,给出运量同轨道变形之间的预测函数。
然后,再计算一定运量下轨道变形和轨道不平顺的统计量,研究轨道状态和速度对轨道变形和轨道不平顺统计特性的影响,计算荷载和变形的相关系数,研究荷载和变形之间的关系。用轮次检验法检验轨道不平顺的平稳性,给出18种工况下轨道不平顺的里程-频率功率谱、一定运量的轨道不平顺功率谱及其拟合谱,再从时域和频域两个方面利用京沪线下行经过5Mt运量后轨道不平顺的变化曲线来检验本文的轨道不平顺预测结果。
最后,通过前几章的讨论,归纳出本文的结论,并对下一步工作做出了展望。
Track is a kind of random and discrete engineering structure in mechanics. With speeding up, train loading causes track to deform. Thus predicting track deformation could help railway maintenance sector plan and lay a theoretical basis for strengthening track structure.
The aim of the paper is to predict track deformation considering some random factors from mechanics. Firstly, the paper sums up international track settlement theories and builds up a FEM model to work out deformation including parameters mounting, unit selection, length of the model, loading mode and so on.
Secondly, the paper comes up with 18 kinds of load conditions, track parameters and vehicle parameters, works out 18 kinds of wheel load by the wheel-rail model and the distribution of wheel load, validates whether wheel load complies with normal distribution by Kolmogorov-Smirnove Test and calculates some statistics such as skew, kurtosis and so on for analyzing the distribution character of wheel load and studying how track conditions and velocity to affect on the distribution character of wheel load.
Thirdly, the paper studies the relationship between track irregularity amplitude, wheel load and the vertical acceleration of car body, the relationship between track irregularity wave length and the vertical acceleration of car body with the data of instrumented wheelset on Hukun Railway and Jinwen Railway from time, frequency and validates whether wheel load in field complies with normal distribution by Kolmogorov-Smirnove Test.
Fourthly, the paper comes up with main factors affecting deformation, namely number and amplitude of wheel load, density of track bed and track stiffness based on international studies. The paper studies the relationship between track bed modulus and loading number, that between track bed density and modulus, that between track bed stress and deformation and that between track deformation and track stiffness. Then the paper works out plastic accumulative deformation of track bed along the railway under different load distribution by the former FEM model. And the paper studies whether track deformation complies with normal distribution by Kolmogorov-Smirnove Test, predicts track irregularity distribution before and after certain transportation volume and works out the predicting function between transportation volume and track deformation.
Fifthly, the paper studies how track state and vehicle velocity to affect on statistic character of track deformation and track irregularity through calculating statistics and correlatives of load to deformation. Then the paper tests the stability of track irregularity using Wheel Numbers Method and works out mileage-frequency PSD of track irregularity, track irregularity PSD and its fitting curve under 18 kinds of wheel load under certain transportation volume. And also the paper validates predicting results of track irregularity using the former predicting function by track irregularity PSD after 5 million tons of transportation volume on Jinghu Railway Down Line from time and frequency.
Finally, the paper makes a conclusion and a prospect for further work through the former discussion.
本文的研究目的就是要从力学的角度,通过考虑一些随机因素来预测轨道变形。因此,本文首先对国内外关于轨道几何变形的理论进行了综述,利用有限元法建立轨道有限元模型计算轨道变形,包括参数的设置、单元的选取、模型的计算长度、加载方式的选取等等。
其次,提出本文的18种计算荷载工况,给出计算的轨道参数和车辆参数,利用轮轨动力学模型计算18种工况下的轮轨动荷载,统计轮载的分布率,利用柯尔莫哥洛夫方法检验轮载分布是否服从正态分布,计算轮载统计量,如偏度、峰度和变异系数等,分析不同工况下轮载的分布特性,利用统计量研究轨道状态和速度对轮载分布特性的影响。
接着,利用沪昆线和金温线的测力轮对实测数据分别从时域和频域两个方面来研究轨道不平顺、轮载和车体垂向振动加速度三者之间的相关性,进而研究轨道不平顺的波长同车体振动加速度之间的关系,并对实测的现场轮载数据进行柯尔莫哥洛夫检验,同前文的研究成果对照。
再次,在国内外关于道床变形特性及其影响因素研究的基础上,提出本文所要研究的影响变形的主要因素,即荷载作用次数、荷载大小、道床密实度和轨道弹性。再根据文献确定道床变形模量和荷载作用次数之间的关系、道床塑性累积变形百分率和荷载作用次数之间的关系、道床应力分布同变形之间的关系、道床密实度同道床变形模量之间的关系以及轨道弹性同轨道变形之间的关系,然后在以上研究的基础上,利用轨道有限元模型计算一定荷载分布率作用下道床沿线路里程的塑性累积变形曲线,再利用柯尔莫哥洛夫检验变形是否服从正态分布,预测出一定运量下轨道不平顺的前后变化曲线,给出运量同轨道变形之间的预测函数。
然后,再计算一定运量下轨道变形和轨道不平顺的统计量,研究轨道状态和速度对轨道变形和轨道不平顺统计特性的影响,计算荷载和变形的相关系数,研究荷载和变形之间的关系。用轮次检验法检验轨道不平顺的平稳性,给出18种工况下轨道不平顺的里程-频率功率谱、一定运量的轨道不平顺功率谱及其拟合谱,再从时域和频域两个方面利用京沪线下行经过5Mt运量后轨道不平顺的变化曲线来检验本文的轨道不平顺预测结果。
最后,通过前几章的讨论,归纳出本文的结论,并对下一步工作做出了展望。
Track is a kind of random and discrete engineering structure in mechanics. With speeding up, train loading causes track to deform. Thus predicting track deformation could help railway maintenance sector plan and lay a theoretical basis for strengthening track structure.
The aim of the paper is to predict track deformation considering some random factors from mechanics. Firstly, the paper sums up international track settlement theories and builds up a FEM model to work out deformation including parameters mounting, unit selection, length of the model, loading mode and so on.
Secondly, the paper comes up with 18 kinds of load conditions, track parameters and vehicle parameters, works out 18 kinds of wheel load by the wheel-rail model and the distribution of wheel load, validates whether wheel load complies with normal distribution by Kolmogorov-Smirnove Test and calculates some statistics such as skew, kurtosis and so on for analyzing the distribution character of wheel load and studying how track conditions and velocity to affect on the distribution character of wheel load.
Thirdly, the paper studies the relationship between track irregularity amplitude, wheel load and the vertical acceleration of car body, the relationship between track irregularity wave length and the vertical acceleration of car body with the data of instrumented wheelset on Hukun Railway and Jinwen Railway from time, frequency and validates whether wheel load in field complies with normal distribution by Kolmogorov-Smirnove Test.
Fourthly, the paper comes up with main factors affecting deformation, namely number and amplitude of wheel load, density of track bed and track stiffness based on international studies. The paper studies the relationship between track bed modulus and loading number, that between track bed density and modulus, that between track bed stress and deformation and that between track deformation and track stiffness. Then the paper works out plastic accumulative deformation of track bed along the railway under different load distribution by the former FEM model. And the paper studies whether track deformation complies with normal distribution by Kolmogorov-Smirnove Test, predicts track irregularity distribution before and after certain transportation volume and works out the predicting function between transportation volume and track deformation.
Fifthly, the paper studies how track state and vehicle velocity to affect on statistic character of track deformation and track irregularity through calculating statistics and correlatives of load to deformation. Then the paper tests the stability of track irregularity using Wheel Numbers Method and works out mileage-frequency PSD of track irregularity, track irregularity PSD and its fitting curve under 18 kinds of wheel load under certain transportation volume. And also the paper validates predicting results of track irregularity using the former predicting function by track irregularity PSD after 5 million tons of transportation volume on Jinghu Railway Down Line from time and frequency.
Finally, the paper makes a conclusion and a prospect for further work through the former discussion.
引文
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