摘要
对海带(Laminaria japonica Aresch.)中的吲哚乙酸和脱落酸进行分离纯化,优化条件,利用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)方法对它们进行定性和定量研究,利用质谱(APESI-MS)方法对海带吲哚乙酸和脱落酸进行了鉴定。在此基础上,利用RP-HPLC方法,测定吲哚乙酸和脱落酸在成熟海带的不同藻体部位中及不同生长时期的海带中的含量,详细研究了它们在成熟海带中的分布及其含量与海带不同生长时期的关系,并从生长调节作用、代谢物质含量及氧化损伤的保护作用等方面,研究了海带吲哚乙酸和脱落酸对海洋微藻的生物学效应。
获得海带吲哚乙酸的最适分离纯化方法为:避光组织匀浆,匀浆液用超声波进行细胞破碎,90%甲醇浸提,乙醚萃取,硅胶脱色,通过Sephadex LH 20柱层析和高效液相色谱方法进行纯化。海带脱落酸的最适分离纯化方法为:组织匀浆,超声波破碎细胞,80%甲醇浸提,乙酸乙酯萃取,硅胶脱色纯化,通过Sephadex LH 20柱层析和高效液相色谱方法进一步纯化。在此基础上,通过RP-HPLC方法的定性分析和APESI-MS方法的分析结果确定分离目标产物为吲哚乙酸和脱落酸。RP-HPLC方法的定量分析结果表明海带吲哚乙酸的产量为65～95μg/kg·FW,海带脱落酸的产量为65～70μg/kg·FW,该方法操作简便,准确,重现性好。
研究表明,成熟海带的不同部位对于吲哚乙酸含量的影响显著(0.01＜p＜0.05),成熟海带下部的吲哚乙酸含量最高,其次为中部和上部;而成熟海带的不同部位对于脱落酸含量的影响并不显著(p＞0.05)。海带的不同生长时期对全海带中吲哚乙酸和脱落酸的含量影响均极显著(p＜0.01),其中吲哚乙酸在海带夹苗初期的幼嫩海带中含量最高,随着海带成熟,其含量逐渐减少,而脱落酸含量却逐渐增加,在成熟期的海带中脱落酸的含量最高。
研究表明,在0～100μmol/L浓度范围内,海带吲哚乙酸对小球藻、盐藻和紫球藻的生长均有促进作用;而角毛藻在外加海带吲哚乙酸的浓度≥75μmol/L时,细胞生长被抑制。在0～200μmol/L浓度范围内,海带脱落酸对小球藻、盐藻、球等鞭金藻和紫球藻四种海洋微藻的生长均表现出抑制作用,脱落酸浓度对四种海洋微藻的生长影响均显著(0.01＜p＜0.05),浓度越大,脱落酸对四种海洋微藻生长的抑制作用越明显。四种海洋微藻中,球等鞭金藻对海带脱落酸最为敏感,其次依次是紫球藻、小球藻和盐藻。
在实验浓度范围内,海带吲哚乙酸对于海洋微藻胞内可溶性糖含量的影响均不显著,对于盐藻和角毛藻的胞内可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量影响均不显著;对于小球藻胞内可溶性蛋白和叶绿素的含量影响显著(0.01＜p＜0.05),对紫球藻胞内可溶性蛋白含量的影响显著(0.01＜p＜0.05),对叶绿素合成影响不显著(p＞0.05)。海带脱落酸对紫球藻胞内可溶性蛋白及胞内可溶性糖含量影响均极显著(0.001＜p＜0.005),对叶绿素含量影响不显著(p＞0.05);对小球藻胞内可溶性蛋白含量影响显著(0.01＜p＜0.05),对胞内可溶性糖和叶绿素含量影响不显著(p＞0.05);对盐藻和球等边金藻胞内可溶性蛋白及胞内可溶性糖含量影响均不显著(p＞0.05),而对叶绿素含量影响均极显著(p＜0.005)。
研究表明,海带脱落酸对小球藻、盐藻、球等鞭金藻和紫球藻四种海洋微藻因除草剂百草枯所引起的细胞氧化损伤均具有保护作用,其中海带脱落酸对盐藻细胞氧化损伤的保护作用最为明显。
A study is planned to optimize the isolution and purification conditions on auxin indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)and abscisic acid(ABA),to establish their identification and quantification of tAA and ABA in the kelp(Laminariajaponica Aresch.)extracts,on the base of that,to investigate their distribution in the different parts of the mature kelp and the changes of their content in the kelp with different growth,and to research on their bioactivities on the marine microalgae.
Conditions on isolation and purification of auxin IAA in the kelp extracts were optimized and the optimal process was established including cell burst by ultrasonic, extraction with 90%methanol and ether,decoloration with silica gel,and purification by Sephadex LH 20 and Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC). The optimized conditions on isolation and purification of ABA in the kelp extracts were investigated and the optimal process was also established including cell burst by ultrasonic, extraction with 80%methanol and ethyl acetate,decoloration with silica gel,and purification by Sephadex LH 20 and RP-HPLC.The identification of IAA and ABA was based on co-chromatography and comparative chromatography with the standard,analysis of UV spectra,and atmospheric pressure electrospray mass spectrometry(APESI-MS).Evidence is provided for IAA of 65～95/μg/Kg·fresh weight and ABA of 65～70μg/Kg·fresh weight in the extracted samples by the method of RP-HPLC.IAA and ABA are isolated by silica gel, Sephadex LH 20 and HPLC.The processes lay the foundation for further study on their bioactivities with convenience,quickness,accurateness and better fidelity.
The results show that the distribution of auxin IAA is not equal in the different parts of the mature kelp and the effect of the different parts in the mature kelp on the content of auxin IAA is statistically marked(0.01＜p＜0.05).The content of auxin IAA in the bottom of the mature kelp is highest,secondly in the middle and fewest in the top.However,the distribution of ABA is basically equal in the different parts of the mature kelp.And the effect of the mature kelp with different parts on the content of ABA is not marked(p＞0.05).The results show that the effect of the kelp with different growth on the content of auxin IAA andABA is statistically marked(p＜0.01).The content of auxin IAA is highest in the childish kelp with the initial stage when clamped in rafts,and along with growing up,the content of auxin IAA gradually decreases.But the content of ABA gradually increases in the kelp along with growing up,and the content of ABA is highest in the mature kelp.
The research shows that exogenously added IAA in the kelp enhanced the growth of Chlorella sp.,Dunaliella salina and Porphyridium Cruentum except Chaetoceros muelleri.. IAA in the kelp significantly inhibited the accumulation of cellular dissolvable proteins in Chlorella sp.(0.01＜p＜0.05)and Porphyridium Cruentum(0.01＜p＜0.05).And it had a very significant effect on the chlorophyll biosynthesis of Chlorella sp.(0.0001＜p＜0.0005).But it was not obvious to regulate biosynthesis of cellular polysaccharide in the four marine microalgae(p＞0.05).
The research shows that the growth of Chlorella sp.,Dunaliella salina,Isochrysis galbana and Porphyridium Cruentum is all inhibited in the treatments with ABA in the extracted samples.And the results are significantly different that the effects of ABA in the extracted samples with different concentrations on their growth(0.01＜p＜0.05)and the inhibition becomes distincter and distincter in the treatments with the increasement of ABA in the extracted samples.In the four marine,microalgae,Isochrysis galbana is best impressible for ABA in the extracted samples,and secondly Porphyridium Cruentum,Chlorella sp.and Dunaliella salina.The result shows that,for Porphyridium Cruentum,it is significantly different that the effects of ABA in the extracted samples with different concentrations on the content of cellular solvable proteins and Cellular dissolvable saccharide(0.001＜p＜0.005), however,there is not significantly different that the effects of ABA in the extracted samples with different concentrations on the content of chlorophyll(p＞0.05);for Chlorella sp.,there is significantly different that the effects of ABA in the extracted samples with different concentrations on cellular solvable proteins(0.01＜p＜0.05),but it is not significantly different that the effects of ABA in the extracted samples with different concentrations on the content of cellular dissolvable saccharide and chlorophyll(p＞0.05);for both Dunaliella salina and lsochrysis galbana,there is not significantly different that the effects of ABA in the extracted samples with different concentrations on cellular solvable proteins and cellular dissolvable saccharide(p＞0.05),but it is chlorophyll that the effects of ABA in the extracted samples with different concentrations on the content in both the two algae are significantly different, respectively Dunaliella salina(0.0001＜p＜0.0005)and Isochrysis galbana(0.001＜p＜0.005). In addition,ABA in the extracted samples can protect the four marine microalgae cells from oxidantion stress by the paraquat.And the protection of ABA in the extracted samples is most marked for Dunalieila salina in the four marine algae.
引文
[1]武维华.植物生理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[2]Chiwocha,S D S,et al.A method of profiling classes of plant hormones and their metabolites using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry:an analysis of hormone regulation of thermodormancy of lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.)seeds[J].Plant J.,2003,35:405-417.
[3]Jacobs W P,et al.Nature and amount of auxin in algae:IAA extracts of Caulerpa paspaloides (Sephonales)[J].J.Physiol.,1985,78:844-848.
[4]Buggeln R G.Auxin,an endogenous regulator of growth in algae?[J].J.Physol.,1976,12:355-358.
[5]Jacobs W P.A search for some angiosperm hormones and their metabolites in Caulerpa paspaloides (Chlorophyta)[J].J.Physiol.,1993,29:595-600.
[6]Dobrev P I,et al.Purification and determination of plant hormones auxin and abscisicacid using solid phase extraction and two-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography[J].J.of Chromatography A,2005,1075:159-166.
[7]张志良.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990.
[8]Hussain A,Boney A D.Hydrophilic growth inhibitors from Laminaria sp.and Ascophyllum nodosum [J].New Phycol.,1973,72:403-410.
[9]俞叔文.植物生理与分子生物学.第二版[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[10]Maillard P,et al.Determination of an ethylene biosynthesis pathway in the unicellular green alga,Haematococcus pluvialis.Relationship between growth and ethylene production[J].J.Appl.Phycol.,1993,5:93-98.
[11]Waaland S D.Control of the processes leading to cell fusion in algae:a glycoprotien hormone from red algae.In Bopp,M.[Ed.],Plant Growth Substances[M].Springer-verlag,Berlin,1985,257-262.
[12]Bradley P M.Plant hormones do have a role in controlling growth and development in algae[J].J.Phycol.,1991,27:317-321.
[13]Sakamoto B,Nagai H,Hokama Y.Stimul.ators of Gambierdiscus toxicous(Dinophyceae)growth:the possible rote of growth enhancer[J].Phycologia,1996,35(4):350-35.
[14]Zhou R,et al.Rapid extraction of abscisic acid and its metabolites for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J].J.Chromatogra.A,2003,1010:75-85.
[15]Debrov P I,Haveliceck L.Purification and determination of plant hormones auxin and abscisic acid using solid phase extraction and two-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography[J].J.Chromatogra.A,2005,1075:159-166.
[16]Duffield P H,Netting A G.Methods for the Quantitation of Abscisic Acid[J].Analytical Biochemistry,2001,289,21-259.
[17]Gadzovska S,et al.Identification and quantification of hypericin and pseudohypericin in different Hypericum perforatum L.in vitro cultures[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2005,43:591-601.
[18]Cambridge A P,Morris D A.Transfer of exogenous auxin from the phloem to the polar auxin transport pathway in pea(Pisum sativum L.)[J].Planta,1996,199:583-588.
[19]倪为民,陈晓亚,许智宏等.生长素极性运输研究进展[J].植物学报,2000,42(3):221-228.
[20]Hamann T,Mayer U,Juergens G.The auxin-insensitive bodenlos mutation affects primary root formation and apical-basal patterning in the Arabidopsis embryo[J].Development,1998,126:1387-1395.
[21]Valerie G,et al.Growth stimulation and fruit yield improvement of greenhouse tomato plants by inoculation with Pseudomonas putida or Trichoderma atroviride:Possible role of indole acetic acid (IAA)[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2007,39(8):1968-1977.
[22]Kai K,et al.Three oxidative metabolites of indole-3-acetie acid from Arabidopsis thaliana[J].Phytochemistry,In Press,Corrected Proof,Available online 4 June 2007.
[23]Zhang M,et al.Uniconazole-induced tolerance of soybean to water deficit stress in relation to changes in photosynthesis,hormones and antioxidant system[J].Joumal of Plant Physiology,2007,164(6):709-717.
[24]Stefancic M,et al.The levels oflAA,IAAsp and some phenolics in cherry rootstock 'GiSelA 5' leafy cuttings pretreated with IAA and IBA[J].Scientia Horticuiturae,2007,112(4):399-405.
[25]Nicky J,et al.Cell division versus cell elongation:The control of radicle elongation during thermoinhibition of Tagetes minuta achenes[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,In Press,Corrected Proof,Available online 13 March 2007.
[26]Fukaki H,et al.Auxin-Mediated Lateral Root Formation in Higher Plants[J].International Review of Cytology,2007,256:111-137.
[27]Okada K,et al.Requirement of the auxin polar transport in the early stage of Arabidopsis floral bud formation[J].Plant Cell.1991,3:677-684.
[28]许智宏.生长素的极性运输及其在植物发育调控中的作用[J].1998,2:52-54.
[29]Morris D A,Robinson J S.Targeting of auxin carriers to the plasma membrane:effect of monensin on transmembrane auxin transport in Cucurbitapepo L.tissue[J].Planta,1998,193:194-202.
[30]Addicott,F T,et al.Abscisic acid:A new name for abscisin Ⅱ(dormin)[J].Science,1968,159:1493.
[31]Hubick K T,Reid D M.A Rapid Method for the Extraction and Analysis of Abscisic Acid from Plant Tissue[J].Plant Physiol.,1980,65:523-525.
[32]Kobayashi M,et al.Biological activities of abscisic acid analogs in the morphological change of the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis[J].Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering,1998,85(5):529-531.
[33]Karmangar T,Wieczorekand A,Lavender D P.Immunoaffinity columns for isolation ofabscisic acid in conifer seedlings[J].Physiologia Plantarum,1989,75:369.
[34]Wolf O,Jeschke W D,Hartung W.Long distance transport ofabscisic acid in NaCl-treated intact plants ofLuponus albus[J].J.Exp.Bot.,1990,41:593-600.
[35]Cadenas A G,et al.Direct analysis of abscisic acid in crude plant extracts by liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry[J].Phytochem.Anal.,2002,13:228-234.
[36]Seki M,et al.Regulatory metabolic networks in drought stress responses[J].Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2007,10(3):296-302.
[37]Khadri M,Tejera N A,Lluch C.Sodium chloride-ABA interaction in two common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris)cultivars differing in salinity tolerance[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2007,60(2):211-218.
[38] Tong Sh, et al. Ectopic overexpression of wheat TaSrg6 gene confers water stress tolerance in Arabidopsis [J]. Plant Science, 2007,172(6): 1079-1086.
[39] Hartung W, Jiang F. Long distance signalling of abscisic acid (ABA) and ABA-redistribution within the plant [J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part A: Molecular&Integrative Physiology, 2007,146(4):235.
[40] Rancic D, Quarrie S P, Dodd I. Transport of growth regulators-to developing xylem tissues: Plant ABA status impacts on hydraulic conductance by modifying xylem vessel development [J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2007, 146(4):240.
[41] Liang Y, Mitchell D M, Jeanne M. Harris Abscisic acid rescues the root meristem defects of the Medicago truncatula latd mutant [J]. Developmental Biology, 2007, 304(1):297-307.
[42] Kobayashi F, Takumi S, Nakamura C. Increased freezing tolerance in an ABA-hypersensitive mutant of common wheat [J]. Journal of Plant Physiology, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 22 January 2007.
[43] Ha Y I, et al. A ginseng-specific abundant protein (GSAP) located on the cell wall is involved in abiotic stress tolerance [J]. Gene, 2007,3369(1-2): 115-122.
[44] LI T, LI Sh. Leaf responses of micropropagated apple plants to water stress: changes in endogenous hormones and their influence on carbohydrate metabolism [J]. Agricultural Sciences in China, 2007, 6(1):58-67.
[45] WANG F, et al. Molecular Cloning of a Glycyrrhiza uralensis F. Aquaporin GuPIP1 Up-regulated in Response to Drought, Salt and ABA Stress [J]. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities, 2007, 23(1):52-57.
[46] WANG Q, et al. Endogenous Hormone Concentration in Developing Tuberous Roots of Different Sweet Potato Genotypes [J]. Agricultural Sciences in China, 2006, 5(12):919-927.
[47] Bueno P, et al. Expression of antioxidant enzymes in response to abscisic acid and high osmoticum in tobacco BY-2 cell culture [J]. Plant Science, 1998,138:27-34.
[48] Jiang M, Zhang J. Effect of abscisic acid on active oxygen species, antioxidative defense system and oxidative damage in leaves of maize seedlings [J]. Plant and Cell Physiology, 2001,42:1265-1273.
[49] Ahmed S, Nawata E, Sakuratani T. Changes of endogenous ABA and ACC, and their correlations to photosynthesis and water relations in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczak cv. KPS1) during waterlogging [J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2006, 57(3):278-284.
[50] Pederson M F, et al. Nitrogen uptake and allocation in the seagrass Amphibolis antarctica [J]. Aquatic Bot., 1997, 56:105-110.
[51] Alvarez M S, et al. Adaptive responsesin Chlamydomonasreinhardtii [J]. International Microbiology, 1999,2:15-22.
[52] Tillberg J E. Effects of abscisic acid, salicylic acid and trans-cinnamic acid on phosphate uptake, ATP-level and oxygen evolution in Scenedesmus [J]. Physiologia Plantarum, 1970,23:647-653.
[53] Tietz A, Kasprik W. Identification of abscisic acid in a green alga [J]. Biochemieund Physiologieder Pflanzem, 1986,181:269-274.
[54] Tietz A, et al. Further investigations on the occurrence and the effects of abscisic acid in algae [J]. Biochemieund Physiologieder Pflanzen, 1989,184:259-266.
[55]Yoshida K,et al.Induction of tolerance to oxidative stress in the green alga,Chlamydomonas reinhardtii,by abscisic acid[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,2003,26:451-457.
[56]Smet I D,et al.A novel role for abscisic acid emerges from underground[J].Trends in Plant Science,2006,11(9):434-439.
[57]Wan X R,Li L.Regulation of ABA level and water-stress tolerance of Arabidopsis by ectopic expression of a peanut 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene[J].Bioch.and Biophy.Research Communications,2006,347(4):1030-1038.
[58]王长海.海洋生化工程概论[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[59]Mazur H,Konop A,Synak R.Indole-3-acetic acid in the culture medium of two axenic green microalgae[J].J.Appl.Phycol.,2001,13:35-42.
[60]Abe H,Uchiyama M.Isolation and Identification of Native Auxins in Marine Algae[J].Agr.Biol.Chem.,1972,36(12):2259-2260.
[61]Jacobs W P,Falkenstein K,Hamilton R H.Nature and a mount of auxin in algae[J].Plant Physiol.,1985,78:844-848.
[62]Stirk W A,et al.Changes in cytokinin and auxin concentrations in seaweed concentrates when stored at an elevated temperature[J].J.Appl.Phycol.,2004,16(1):31-39.
[63]韩丽君,范晓.海藻中植物生长素的提取和分离纯化方法[J].海洋科学进展,2002,20(2):70-76.
[64]韩丽君.海藻中植物生长素组成的初步研究[J].海洋科学,2003,27(3):70-72.
[65]韩丽君,范晓,袁兆惠.16种海藻中植物生长素的提取、分离纯化和含量测定[J].海洋与湖沼,2005,36(2):167-171.
[66]Robert J,et al.Metabolites of the green algae,Caulerpa species[J].Phytochemistry,1983,22(6):1465-1467.
[67]徐效华,苏镜娱.Caulerpin的分离鉴定及生物活性[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),1996,35(2):647.
[68]黄丽波,岑颖洲等.海藻中植物生长激素Caulerpin的研究进展[J].天然产物研究与开发,2001,13(2):74-78.
[69]岑颖洲.海洋天然植物增长激素Caulerpin的生物活性研究[J].全国第二届海洋生物活性物质天然药学学术研讨会论文集,1998.
[70]徐任生.天然产物化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[71]苏镜娱.海藻化学及药物学研究概况.中国海洋药物,1992,11(2):253.
[72]Sivasankari S,et al.Effect of seaweed extracts on the growth and biochemical constituents of Vigna sinensis[J].Bioresource Technology,2006,97(14):1745-1751.
[73]孙杰.两种海藻提取物的化学成分和生物活性及机制的研究(博士论文).2006.
[74]Calzada A T,et al.Determination of arsenic species in environmental samples:use of the alga Chlorella vulgaris for arsenic(Ⅲ)retention[J].TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry,1998,17(3):167-175.
[75]Hirsch R,Hartung W,Gimmler H.Abscisic acid content of algae under stress[J].Bot.Acta.,1989,102:326-334.
[76]Duan X J,et al.Evaluation of antioxidant property of extract and fractions obtained from a red alga,Polysiphonia urceolata[J].Food Chemistry,2006,95(1):37-43.
[77]哈成勇.《天然产物化学与应用》[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.
[78]黄冰心,韩丽君,范晓.海藻中的植物激素检测方法[J].海洋科学,2001,25(10):28-30.
[79]李素梅,张自立,姚彦如.植物激素检测技术的研究进展[J].安徽农业大学学报,2003,30(2):227-230.
[80]Zhang R,Letham D S,Willcocks D A.Movement to bark and metabolism of xylem cytokinins in stems of Lupinus angustifolius[J].Phytochemistry,2002,60(5):483~488.
[81]Fukumoto R,et al.Purification and characterization of a pheromone that induces sexual cell division in the unicellular green alga Closterium ehrenbergii[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2002,40(2):183-188.
[82]WANG Q,et al.Endogenous hormone concentration in developing tuberous roots of different sweet potato genotypes[J].Agricultural Sciences in China,2006,5(12):919-927.
[83]Raub M F,Cardellina J H,Schwede J G.The green algal pigment caulerpin as a plant growth regulator[J].Phytochemistry,1987,26(3):619-620.
[84]SLuchez-Rodriguez I,et al.Elemental concentrations in different species of seaweeds from Loreto Bay,Baja California Sur,Mexico:implications for the geochemical control of metals in algal tissue [J].Environmental Pollution,2001,114(21):145-160.
[85]黄冰心,范晓,韩丽君.海带中细胞激动素的纯化分离方法[J].海洋与湖沼,2002,33(5):509-514.
[86]侯和胜,吴超元.藻类中植物激素的研究进展[J].海洋科学集刊,1998,40:167-176.
[87]福迪(Fott B)著,罗迪安译.藻类学[M]上海:上海科学技术出版社,1980.
[88]Caron L,Mortain-Bertrand A,Jupin H.Effect of photoperiod on photosynthetic characteristics of two marine diatoms[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1988,123(3):211-226.
[89]Han T,et al.Influences of light and UV-B on growth and sporulation of the green alga Ulva pertusa Kjellman[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2003,290(1):115-131.
[90]Evans L,Trewavas A.Is algal development controlled by plant growth substance?[J].J.Phycol.,1991,27:322-326.
[91]Pedersen M.Identification of a cytokinin~,6-(3-methyl-2-butenylamino)purin,in seawater and effect of cytokinins on brown algae[J].Physiol.Plant.,1973,28:101-105.
[92]邓芹英.波谱分析教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[93]Chu F S,Huang X,Wei R D.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for microcystins in blue-green algal blooms[J].J.Assoc.Off.Anal.Chem.,1990,73(3):451-456.
[94]陈以峰,周燮.薄板层析和酶联免疫法连用测定细胞分裂素[J].植物生理学通讯,1995,31(4):289-29.
[95]Fernandez E B,et al.Aromatic cytokinins in microp ropagated potato plants[J].Plant Physiol and Biochemistry,2002,40:217-224.
[96]Tendencia E A,dela Pena M R,Casiano H.Choresca Efficiency of Chlorella sp.and Tilapia hornorum in controlling the growth of luminous bacteria in a simulated shrimp culture environment [J].Aquaculture,2005,249(1-4):55-62.
[97]郑天凌,徐美珠,俞志明等,菌-藻相互作用下胞外酶活性变化研究[J].海洋科学,2002,(12):42-46.
[98]Van Overbeek J.Auxin in marine algae[J].Plant Physicl.,1940,15:291-299.
[99]Zhang W,Yamane H,Chapman D J.The Phytohormone profile of the red alga Porphyra perforate[J].Bot.mar.,1993,36:257-266.
[100]Grotbeck L,Vance B D.Endogenous levels of indole-3-acetic acid in synchronous cultures of Chlorella pyrenoidosa[J].J.Phycol.,1972,8:272-275.
[101]Nazarenko L,Aldyev A,Semenenko V.Indole-3-acetic acid in synchronous cultures of Chlorella[J].6th Int.Conference on Applied Algology,Ceske Budejovice,1993,120.
[102]Sanderson K J,Jameson P E,Zabkiewicz J A.Auxin in seaweed extract:identification and quantitation of indole-3-acetic acid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].J.Plant.Physiol.,1987,129:363-367.
[103]Gregory L,Boyer S S.Dougherty Identification of abseisic acid in the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum[J].Phytoehemistry,1988,27(5):1521-1522.
[104]Taraldaovskaya E R,Maslov Y I,ShishovaM F.Phytohormones in algae[J].Russian Journal of Plant Physiology,2007,54(2):186-194.
[105]Elmar W W.Radioimmunoassay for the determination of free and conjugated abscisic acid[J].1979,144(3):255-263.
[106]Zhang W,Chapman D J,Phinney B O.Identification of cytokinins in Sargassum muticum (Phaeophyta)and phyra perforata(Rhodophyta)[J].J.Phycol.,1991,27:89-91.
[107]Zhang C G,Li W,Mao Y F,et al.Endogenous Hormonal Levels in Scutellaria baicalensis Calli Induced by Thidiazuron[J].Russian J.Plant Physiol.,2005,52(3):345-351.
[108]Kobayashi M,et al.Growth and astaxanthin formation of Haematococcus pluvialis in heterotrophic and mixotrophic conditions[J].Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering,1992,74(1):17-20.
[109]Provasoli et al.Vitamins and growth regulators.In Algal Physiology and Biochemistry[M].Blackwell Scientific Publication,Oxford,1974.
[110]Cooke T J C,et al.Evolutionary patterns in auxin action[J].Plant Molecular Biology,2002,49(6):3-4.
[111]Vanden DT,et al.Acetabularia mediterranea and ethylene:Production in relation with development,circadian rhythms in emission,and response to external application[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,1988,133:635-639.
[112]Nowak J,et al.Auxin induced stress tolerance in algae[J].Environmental Pollution,1988,51:213-218.
[113]Kim J,et al.Effect of plant hormone on the regulation of Myagropsis myagroides[J].Bull.Korean fish.Soc.,1985,18:271-277.
[114]Dawes C J.Indole-3-acetic acid in the green algal coenocyte Caulerpa prolifera(Chlorophyceae,Siphonales)[J].Phycologia,1971,10:375-379.
[115]Yokoya N S,et al.Effects of environmental factors and plant growth regulators on growth of the red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla from Shikoku Island,Japan[J].Hydrobiologia,1999,398-399:339-347.
[116] Vance B D. Phytohormone effects on cell division in Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick (TX-7-11-05) (Chlorellaceae) [J]. J. Plant Growth Regul., 1987, 5:169-173.
[117]Czerpak R, Bajguz A. Effect of auxin and cytokinin on protein and saccharides extracellular excretion in Chlorella pyrenoidosa [J]. Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol., 1993,40: 249-254.
[118] Czerpak R, Krotke A, Mical A. Comparison of stimulatory effect of auxins and cytokinins on protein, saccharides and chlorophylls content in Chlorella pyrenoidosa [J]. Chick Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol., 1999,46: 71-82.
[119] Prasad P V D. Effect of some growth substances on three freshwater green algae [J]. Cryptogamie Algologie, 1982,4:315-321.
[120] Dibb-Fuller J E, Morris D A. Studies on the evolution of auxin carriers and phytotropin receptors: Transmembrane auxin transport in unicellular and multicellular Chlorophyta [J]. Planta, 1992, 186: 219-226.
[121] Mazur H, Konop A, Synak R. Indole-3 -acetic acid in the culture medium of two axenic green microalgae [J]. Journal of Applied Phycology, 2001,13:35-42.
[122] Ullrich W R, et al. Effect of abscisic acid on notrate uptake, respiration and photosynthesis in green algae [J]. Plant Science Letter, 1984,37:9-14.
[123] Ishiura M. Gametogensis of Chlamydomonas in the dark [J]. Plant Cell Physiology, 1976, 17: 1141-1150.
[124] Haisel D, et al. Effects of abscisic add or benzyladenine on pigment contents, chlorophyll fluorescence, and chloroplast ultrastructure during water stress and after rehydration [J]. Photosynthetica, 2006,44(4): 606-614.
[125] Savoure A, et al. Abscisic acid-independent and abscisic acid-dependent regulation of proline biosynthesis following cold and osmotic stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana [J]. Molecular and General Genetics MGG, 1997,254(1): 104-109.
[126] Pospisilova J, et al. Interactions between abscisic acid and cytokinins during water stress and subsequent rehydration [J]. Biologia Plantarum, 2005,49(4): 533-540.
[127] Kobayashi M, et al. Abscisic acid-dependent algal morphogenesis in the unicellular green alga Haemato coccuspluvialis [J]. Plant Growth Regulation, 1997, 22:79-85.
[128] Kobayashi M, et al. Biological activities of abscisic acid analogs in the morphological change of the green alga Haemato coccuspluvialis [J]. Journal of Fermenttion and Bioengineering, 1998, 85: 529-531.
[129] Swiatek A, et al. Differential effect of jasmonic acid and abscisic acid on cell cycle progression in tobacco BY-2 cells [J]. 2002, 128: 201-211.
[130] Zeevaart J A D, Creelman R A. Metabolism and physiology of abscisic acid [J]. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Melecular Biology, 1988,39:439-473.
[131] Giraudat J, et al. Current advances in abscisic acid action and signaling [J]. 1994, 26:1557-1577.
[132] Merlot S, Giraudat J. Genetic analysis of abscisic acid signal transduction [J]. Plant Physiology, 1997, 114:751-757.
[133] Leung J, Giraudat J. Abscisic acid signal transduction [J]. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, 1998, 49:199-222.
[134]Pardhasaradhi P,et al.Pritection against the photo-induced in activation of the photosystem Ⅱcomplex by abscisic acid[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,2000,23:711-718.
[135]Foyer C F,et al.Protection against oxygen redicals:an important defence mechanism studied in transgenic plants[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,1994,17:507-523.
[136]Foyer C H.Free radical processes in plants[J].Biochemical Society Transaction,1996,24:427-433.
[137]Alscher R G,et al.Reactive oxygen species and antioxidants:relationships in green cells[J].Physiologia Plantarum,1997,100:224-233.
[138]Bradley,P M.Plant hormones do have a role in controlling growth and development of algae[J].Journal of Phycology,1991,27:317-321.
[139]Garcia-Jimenez P,Rodrigo M,Robaina R R.Influence of plant growth regulators,polyines and glycerol interaction on growth and morphogenesis of carpcsporelings of Grateloupia cultured in vitro [J].J.Appl.Phycol.,1998,10:95-100.
[140]Nakanishi K,et al.Bacteria that induce morphogenesis in Ulva pertuca(Chlorophyta)grown under axenic conditions[J].Journal of Phycology,1996,32:479-482.
[141]纪明侯.藻类化学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[142]王长海.海洋生物技术进展[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[143]陈峰,姜悦.微藻生物技术[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1999:15-20.
[144]曹吉祥.微藻应用的潜力及途径[J].海洋湖沼通报,1994,17(4):79-88.
[145]Maruyama I,Rosenthall M.The utilization of microalgae[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,1994,6:151-157.
[146]俞俊堂,唐孝宣.新编生物工艺学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.
[147]倪学文.海洋微藻应用现状与展望[J].海洋渔业,2005,27(3):251-255.
[148]栾日孝.大连沿海藻类实习指导[M].大连:大连海运学院出版社,1989.
[149]王全喜,张小平.植物学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[1]侯和胜、吴超元 藻类中植物激素的研究进展[J].海洋科学集刊 1998,40:167-176.
[2]武维华.植物生理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[3]Chiwocha,S D S,et al.A method of profiling classes of plant hormones and their metabolites using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry:an analysis of hormone regulation of thermodormancy of lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.)seeds[J].Plant J.,2003,35:405-417.
[4]Addicott,F T,et al.Abscisic acid:A new name for abscisin Ⅱ(dormin)[J].Science,1968,159:1493.
[5]Hubick K T,Reid D M.A Rapid Method for the Extraction and Analysis of Abscisic Acid from Plant Tissue[J].Plant Physiol.,1980,65:523-525.
[6]王长海.海洋生化工程概论[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[7]Mazur H,Konop A,Synak R.Indole-3-acetic acid in the culture medium of two axenic green microalgae[J].J.Appl.Phycol.,2001,13:35-42.
[8]Abe H,Uchiyama M.Isolation and Identification of Native Auxins in Marine Algae[J].Agr.Biol.Chem.,1972,36(12):2259-2260.
[9]Jacobs W P,Falkenstein K,Hamilton R H.Nature and a mount of auxin in algae[J].Plant Physiol.,1985,78:844-848.
[10]Stirk W A,et al.Changes in cytokinin and auxin concentrations in seaweed concentrates when stored at an elevated temperature[J].J.Appl.Phycol.,2004,16(1):31-39.
[11]Hirsch R,Hartung W,Gimmler H.Abscisic acid content of algae under stress[J].Bot.Acta.,1989,102:326-334.
[12]Tietz A,Kasprik W.Identification of abscisic acid in a green alga[J].Biochemieund Physiologieder Pflanzem,1986,181:269-274.
[13]Tietz A,et al.Further investigations on the occurrence and the effects of abscisic acid in algae[J].Biochemieund Physiologieder Pflanzen,1989,184:259-266.
[14]王长海.海洋生物技术进展[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[15]韩丽君,范晓.海藻中植物生长素的提取和分离纯化方法[J].海洋科学进展,2002,20(2):70-76.
[16]韩丽君.海藻中植物生长素组成的初步研究[J].海洋科学,2003,27(3):70-72.
[17]韩丽君,范晓,袁兆惠.16种海藻中植物生长素的提取、分离纯化和含量测定[J].海洋与湖沼,2005,36(2):167-171.
[18]Nazarenko L,Akiyev A,Semenenko V.Indole-3-acetic acid in synchronous cultures of Chlorella[J].6th Int.Conference on Applied Algology,Ceske Budejovice,1993,120.
[19]Andrew R.S,et al.Determination of endogenous and supplied deuterated abscisic acid in plant tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring[J].Analytical Biochemistry,2004,329:324-333.
[1]王长海.海洋生化工程概论[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[2]侯和胜,吴超元.藻类中植物激素的研究进展[J].海洋科学集刊,1998,40:167-176.
[3]Mazur H,Konop A,Synak R.Indole-3-acetic acid in the culture medium of two axenic green microalgae[J].J.Appl.Phycol.,2001,13:35-42.
[4]Abe H,Uchiyama M.Isolation and Identification of Native Auxins in Marine Algae[J].Agr.Biol.Chem.,1972,36(12):2259-2260.
[5]Jacobs W P,Falkenstein K,Hamilton R H.Nature and a mount of auxin in algae[J].Plant Physiol.,1985,78:844-848.
[6]Stirk W A,et al.Changes in cytokinin and auxin concentrations in seaweed concentrates when stored at an elevated temperature[J].J.Appl.Phycol.,2004,16(1):31-39.
[7]Hirsch R,Hartung W,Gimmler H.Abscisic acid content of algae under stress[J].Bot.Acta.,1989,102:326-334.
[8]Tietz A,Kasprik W.Identification of abscisic acid in a green alga[J].Biochemieund Physiologieder Pflanzem,1986,181:269-274.
[9]Tietz A,et al.Further investigations on the occurrence and the effects of abscisic acid in algae[J].Biochemieund Physiologieder Pflanzen,1989,184:259-266.
[10]王长海.海洋生物技术进展[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[11]韩丽君,范晓.海藻中植物生长素的提取和分离纯化方法[J].海洋科学进展,2002,20(2):70-76.
[12]韩丽君.海藻中植物生长素组成的初步研究[J].海洋科学,2003,27(3):70-72.
[13]韩丽君,范晓,袁兆惠.16种海藻中植物生长素的提取、分离纯化和含量测定[J].海洋与湖沼,2005,36(2):167-171.
[14]Zhang C G,Li W,Mao Y F,et al.Endogenous Hormonal Levels in Scutellaria baicalensis Calli Induced by Thidiazuron[J].Russian J.Plant Physiol.,2005,52(3):345-351.
[15]武维华.植物生理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[16]Chamarro J.et al.Metabolism of indole-3-acetic acid by orange flavedo tissue during fruit development[J].Phytochemistry,2001,57:179-187.
[17]Cowan AK,Rose PD Abscisic acid metabolism in salt-stressed cells of Dunaliella salina[J].Plant Physiol.,1991,97:798-803.
[18]夏石头,萧浪涛.生长素极性运输的调控及其机制[J].植物生理学通讯,2003,39(3):255-261.
[19]Okada K,et al.Requirement of the auxin polar transport in the early stage of Arabidopsis floral bud formation[J].Plant Cell.1991,3:677-684.
[20]许智宏.生长素的极性运输及其在植物发育调控中的作用[J].1998,2:52-54.
[21]Morris D A,Robinson J S.Targeting of auxin carriers to the plasma membrane:effect of monensin on transmembrane auxin transport in Cucurbitapepo L.tissue[J].Planta,1998,193:194-202.
[22]Wolf O,Jeschke W D,Hartung W.Long distance transport of abscisic acid in NaCl-treated intact plants of Luponus albus[J].J.Exp.Bot.,1990,41:593-600.
[23]Cadenas A G,et al.Direct analysis of abscisic acid in crude plant extracts by liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry[J].Phytochem.Anal.,2002,13:228-234.
[24]Seki M,et al.Regulatory metabolic networks in drought stress responses[J].Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2007,10(3):296-302.
[25]栾日孝.大连沿海藻类实习指导[M].大连:大连海运学院出版社,1989.
[1]武维华.植物生理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[2]Gravel V,Antoun H,Tweddell R J.Growth stimulation and fruit yield improvement of greenhouse tomato plants by inoculation with Pseudomonas putida or Trichoderma atroviride:Possible role of indole acetic acid(IAA)[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2007,39(8):1968-1977.
[3]Dharmasiri N,et al.Auxin Action in a Cell-Free System[J].Current Biology,2003,13(16):1418-1422.
[4]Yi K W,et al.Effects of light on the hormonal regulation of VR-ACS6 truncated promoter in transgenic tobacco[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2003,41(4):331-335.
[5]Boeuf G,et al.Effect of NAA on the development,apoplastic peroxidase activities,and peroxidase isoenzymes in chicory root explants[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2001,158(8):963-969.
[6]Cooke T J C,et al.Evolutionary patterns in auxin action[J].Plant Molecular Biology,2002,49(6):3-4.
[7]Nowak J,et al.Auxin induced stress tolerance in algae[J].Environmental Pollution,1988,51:213-218.
[8]Vance B D.Phytohormone effects on cell division in Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick(TX-7-11-05)(Chlorellaceae)[J].J.Plant Growth Regul.,1987,5:169-173.
[9]Kim J,et al.Effect of plant hormone on the regulation of Myagropsis myagroides[J].Bullentin of Korean fish and Society,1985,18:271-277.
[10]Yokoya N S,et al.Effects of environmental factors and plant growth regulators on growth of the red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla from Shikoku Island,Japan[J].Hydrobiologia,1999,398-399:339-347.
[11]Czerpak R,Bajguz A.Effect of auxin and cytokinin on protein and saccharides extracellular excretion in Chlorella pyrenoidosa[J].Pol.Arch.Hydrobiol.,1993,40:249-254.
[12]Czerpak R,Krotke A,Mical A.Comparison of stimulatory effect of auxins and cytokinins on protein,sacchafides and chlorophylls content in Chlorella pyrenoidosa[J].Chick Pol.Arch.Hydrobiol.,1999,46:71-82.
[13]Prasad P V D.Effect of some growth substances on three freshwater green algae[J].Cryptogamie Algologie,1982,4:315-321.
[14]Dibb-Fuller J E,Morris D A.Studies on the evolution of auxin carriers and phytotropin receptors:Transmembrane auxin transport in unicellular and multicellular Chlorophyta[J].Planta,1992,186:219-226.
[15]Mazur H,Konop A,Synak R.Indole-3-acetic acid in the culture medium of two axenic green microalgae[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,2001,13:35-42.
[16]Uniconazole-induced tolerance of soybean to water deficit stress in relation to changes in photosynthesis,hormones and antioxidant system Journal of Plant Physiology,Volume 164,Issue 6,4 June 2007,Pages 709-717Mingcai Zhang,Liusheng Duan,Xiaoli Tian,Zhongpei He,Jianmin Li,Baomin Wang and Zhaohu Li
[17]Ullrich W R,et al.Effect of abscisic acid on notrate uptake,respiration and photosynthesis in green algae[J].Plant Science Letter,1984,37:9-14.
[18]Haisel D,et al.Effects of abscisic acid or benzyladenine on pigment contents,chlorophyll fluorescence,and chloroplast ultrastructure during water stress and after rehydration[J].Photosynthetica,2006,44(4):606-614.
[19]Savoure A,et al.Abscisic acid-independent and abscisic acid-dependent regulation of proline biosynthesis following cold and osmotic stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana[J].Molecular and General Genetics MGG,1997,254(1):104-109.
[20]Pospisilova J,et al.Interactions between abscisic acid and cytokinins during water stress and subsequent rehydration[J].Biologia Plantarum,2005,49(4):533-540.
[21]Kobayashi M,et al.Abscisic acid-dependent algal morphogenesis in the unicellular green alga Haemato coccuspluvialis[J].Plant Growth Regulation,1997,22:79-85.
[22]Kobayashi M,et al.Biological activities of abscisic acid analogs in the morphological change of the green alga Haemato coccuspluvialis[J].Journal of Fermenttion and Bioengineering,1998,85:529-531.
[23]Yoshida K,et al.Mitigation of osmotic and salt stresses by abscisic acid through reduction of stress-derived oxidative damage in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii[J].Plant Science,2004,167(6):1335-1341.
[24]Kobayashi M,et al.Biological activities of abscisic acid analogs in the morphological change of the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis[J].Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering,1998,85(5):529-531.
[25]Ullrich W R,Kunz G.Effect of abscisic acid on nitrate uptake,respiration and photosynthesis in green algae[J].Plant Science Letters,1984,37(1-2):9-14.
[26]侯和胜,吴超元.藻类中植物激素的研究进展[J].海洋科学集刊,1998,40:167-176.
[27]Jarvis E.E.,Brown L.M.Transient expression of firefly luciferase in protoplasts of the green alga Chlorella ellipsoidea[J].Current Geneties,1991,19:317-321.
[28]贾顺义.不同盐度及氮磷浓度对紫球藻生长代谢的影响(硕士论文),2006.
[29]祖若夫,胡宝龙 周德庆.微生物学实验教程[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,1993.
[30]王逸云.小球藻外源基因转化系统的建立及其表达植酸酶的研究(博士论文),2006.
[31]王长海.海洋生物技术进展[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[32]叶志娟.牟氏角毛藻和盐藻对不同种类海水养殖废水生长和生理反应的研究(硕士论文),2006.
[33]孙颖颖,孙莉芹,王长海.球等鞭金藻的培养条件研究[J].海洋通报,2005,3:92-96.
[34]王长海,孙颖颖.营养盐对球等鞭金藻生长及多糖等生化成分含量的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2005,11:13-17.
[35]Bradford M M.A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding.Analytical Biochemistry,1976,72:248-254.
[36]李合生.植物生理生化试验原理和技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[37]栾雨时,包永明.生物工程实验技术手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[38]Clayton,J.R.,Dortch,Q.,Thoreson,S.S.,Ahmed,S.I.Evaluation of methods for the separation and analysis of proteins and free amino acids in phytoplankton samples.Journal of Plankton Research,1988,10,341-358.
[39]Brown MR.The amino-acid and sugar composition of 16 species of microalgae used in mariculture.J Exp Mai Biol Ecol,1991,145:79-99.
[40]苏正淑,张宪政.几种测定植物叶绿素含量的方法比较[J].植物生理学通讯,1989,(5):77-78.
[41]张冬玲.海带中植物生长素的分离提取、测定及在微藻生长中的活性检测(硕士论文),2006.
[42]Yoshida K,et al.Induction of tolerance to oxidative stress in the green alga,Chlamydomonas reinhardtii,by abscisic acid[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,2003,26:451-457.
[43]Dhanalakshmi R,Prasad T G,Udayakumar M.Is auxin a diffusible signal mediating abscission of recessive sinks?[J].Plant Science,2003,164(5):689-696.
[44]Liu F,et al.Root signal controls pod growth in drought-stressed soybean during the critical,abortion-sensitive phase of pod development[J].Field Crops Research,2004,85(2-3):159-166.
[45]Zhang M,et al.Uniconazole-induced tolerance of soybean to water deficit stress in relation to changes in photosynthesis,hormones and antioxidant system[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2007,164(6):709-717.
[46]Nayyar H,Gupta D.Differential sensitivity of C_3 and C_4 plants to water deficit stress:Association with oxidative stress and antioxidants[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2006,58(1-3):106-113.
[47]Reddy A R,Chaitanya K V,Vivekanandan M.Drought-induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2004,161(11):1189-1202.
[48]Reddy A R,et al.Differential antioxidative responses to water stress among five mulberry(Morus alba L.)cultivars[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2004,52(1):33-42.
[49]Gao Y P,Bonham-Smith P C,Gusta L V.The role of peroxiredoxin antioxidant and calmodulin in ABA-primed seeds ofBrassica napusexposed to abiotic stresses during germination[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2002,159(9):951-958.
[50]Kobayashi M,et al.Biological activities of abscisic acid analogs in the morphological change of the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis[J].Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering,1998,85(5):529-531.
[51]Kobayashi F,Takumi S,Nakamura C.Increased freezing tolerance in an ABA-hypersensitive mutant of common wheat[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,In Press,Corrected Proof,Available online 22January 2007.
[52]曾广文,蒋德安.植物生理学[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.