摘要
我国高速铁路目前正处于飞速发展的时期,牵引变电所微机保护系统是高速铁路的重要组成部分之一,是高速铁路安全、可靠、高效运行的重要保障。牵引变电所微机保护的实时数字仿真测试为保护装置的研发提供了重要依据,具有极大的理论和应用价值。
加拿大曼尼托巴直流研究中心开发的实时数字仿真器(RTDS)在电力系统测试领域的权威性已获得行业认可,通过实时仿真测试也将成为保护装置从研发到生产的重要路径。为了将RTDS测试引入高速铁路继电保护开发中,首先要在RTDS平台上搭建出一个微机保护实时仿真系统模型。依靠RTDS装置强大的并行处理能力,在平台上可以同时仿真一次系统和保护仿真系统,实现真正的实时、闭环仿真测试,其仿真结果也更接近于系统实际运行情况,可以有效地提高微机保护研发、分析和测试的效率。
本文分析了微机保护实时仿真系统的研究意义和国内外研究现状；简要介绍了RTDS的硬件结构、软件结构以及用于建模的部分元件；与电力系统相比较,介绍了牵引网和牵引负荷的特点以及牵引变电所中的变压器差动保护、低电压启动的过电流保护、馈线距离保护和电流增量保护的基本原理、整定原则；在此基础之上,根据保护仿真系统中各组件在数据处理过程中的位置不同将其分为采样单元、特征量计算单元、整定值设置单元和动作判据单元,并应用RTDS仿真平台,搭建出相应保护系统组件的仿真模型。
本文基于RTDS仿真平台,建立了一个完整微机保护实时仿真系统,其中包括了一次系统、故障控制子系统、断路器控制子系统以及保护仿真子系统,随后在一次系统中模拟出不同的故障类型,完成对微机保护的闭环测试；利用RSCAD中的批处理模式,完成对保护的自动化测试,并且记录下测试结果。
In our country,the high-speed railway is in the rapid construction and high-speed development stage,the protection system of the traction substation is an important part of high-speed railway power supply system,is an important guarantee of safe, reliable and efficient operation for the high-speed railway.The real-time digital simulation test for microcomputer protection of the traction substation provides an important basis for the design of traction power supply system and it has a great deal of theoretical and applied value.
Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) products by Canadian Manitoba DC Development Research Center has industry recognition in the field of power system test,the testing of protection devices through real-time simulation will become an important path from research to production.In order to bring the RTDS test into relay protection of high-speed railway,first of all, we should build a real-time simulation model of microcomputer protection in the RTDS platform.Rely on RTDS device powerful parallel processing capabilities,it could simulate primary system and protection system at the same time,the simulation results are closer to the actual operation of the system,it could improve the efficiency of research,analysis and testing of microcomputer protection.
This paper analyzes the significance and the research status of the real-time simulation of microcomputer protection system;brief introduction to the RTDS hardware structure, software structure and some components used in the model;brief introduction to traction characteristics of the load, traction the characteristics of the network short-circuit parameters compared with the power system and the basic principle of traction substation transformer differential protection,low voltage start over-current protection,the the feeder distance protection and current increment protection;On this basis,according to the protection simulation system the position of the various parts of the data processing will be divided into the feature amount calculating unit,the setting value of the setting unit and Actions criterion unit,and apply the RTDS simulation platform,and build the corresponding protection system simulation model.
Based on the the RTDS simulation platform,Thia paper built a complete real-time simulation model for microcomputer protection,including the primary system,the subsystem of fault control subsystem,the of breaker control and subsystem of the protection of emulation,then simulated different faults for the complete performance test of the entire system;Using the Script files in the RSCAD software, complete the automation of relay protection test, and record the test results.
引文
[1]辛振涛,尹项根,杨经超,等.基于等效电感的超高压并联电抗器匝间保护新原理[J].电力系统自动化.2004(10)：73-75.
[2]毕大强,王祥珩,王维俭.基于测量阻抗变化的并联电抗器小匝间短路保护[J].电力系统自动化.2005(3)：57-60.
[3]李斌,李永丽,陈军,等.超高压输电线并联电抗器的匝间短路保护[J].天津大学学报.2005(8)：717-721.
[4]汪希伟.WDK-600微机电抗器保护装置匝间保护原理分析[J].继电器.2007(9)：14-16.
[5]谢化安,王永源,万四维,杜威,袁志昌,姜齐荣,等.东莞变电站链式STATCOM控制保护的RTDS试验研究[J].电力系统保护与控制.2013(04)：67-70.
[6]马玉龙,肖湘宁,陈琦,等.用于HVDC控制保护系统闭环测试的RTDS建模[J].电力自动化设备.2006,18(2)：25-27.
[7]高鹏,王超,曹玉胜,黄志岭.RTDS在电力系统稳定控制研究中的应用[J].江苏电机工程.2007,14(16)：127-131.
[8]王学强,黄立滨,崔伟.纵差线路保护装置RTDS实验方案设计[J].继电器.2003,18(9)：26-30.
[9]李升健,黄灿英.主变跳闸事故的RTDS仿真试验研究[J].自动化应用.2011(1)：43-46.
[10]许大光.客运专线牵引供电系统负载状态数字动模实验系统建模[D].西南交通大学,2007.
[11]周巍.基于RTDS的数字化变电站测试系统的研究[D].上海交通大学,2010.
[12]柯志敏,谢巍敏.牵引变压器比率制动差动保护的应用[J].郑州铁路职业技术学院学报.2012(4)：9-11.
[13]童镭.数字化牵引变电所的变压器保护软件设计[D].西南交通大学,2011.
[14]李志兴,蔡泽祥,许志华.继电保护装置动作逻辑的数字仿真系统[J].电力系统自动化.2006,30(6)：35-39.
[15]高峰.微机距离保护动态仿真系统的研究[D].山东大学,2005.
[16]韩正庆.变压器仿真计算模型与保护原理研究[D].西南交通大学,2006.
[17]高仕斌.高速铁路牵引供电系统新型保护原理研究[D].西南交通大学,2004.
[18]彭晨.高速铁路AT牵引供电系统的保护配置与整定[D].西南交通大学,2010.
[19]徐雨舟.牵引变馈线保护测控装置研究[D].华中科技大学,2005.
[20]张天宝.电气化铁道牵引变电所馈线保护研究[D].山东大学,2006.
[21]丁丽娜.高速铁路供电系统保护配置[D].西南交通大学,2005.
[22]Jampala AKVSSD. Adaptive transmission protection:concepts and computational issues [J]. IEEE PWRD,1989,4(1):177-185.
[23]钱清泉,陈维容.一种基于神经网络的馈线自适应继电保护技术[J].西南交通大学学报,1999,34(4)：420-423.
[24]Phadke Aghsh. Adaptive relaying[J].IEEE Computer Applications in Power,1990,3 (3):47-56.
[25]陈维荣,钱清泉,王晓茹.神经网络在继电保护及故障诊断中的应用[J].电力系统自动 化.1997,21(5)：5-9.
[26]Ebron S L D L W. A neural network approach to the detection of incipient faults on power distribution feeders[J].IEEE PWRD,1990,5(2):905-914.
[27]Dalstein T K B. Neural network approach to fault classification for high speed protective relaying [J].IEEE PWRD,1995,10(2):1002-1009.
[28]付雨林.牵引变压器保护装置开发及理论研究[D].华中科技大学,2011.
[29]李家坤.微机保护算法综述[J].长江职工大学学报,2003,20(1)：103-106.
[30]冯小玲,郭袅,谭建成.实时数字仿真系统(RTDS)在继电保护上的应用研究[J].国际电力.2005(4)：44-48.
[31]常浩,张民,马为民.实时数字仿真器的应用[J].中国电力.2006(7)：56-60.
[32]梁志成,马献东,王力科,等.实时数字仿真器RTDS及其应用[J].电力系统自动化.1997(10)：61-64.
[33]曾晓红,高仕斌.AT供电牵引网断线接地故障及馈线保护动作行为分析[J].铁道学报,1996,18(2)：87-91.
[34]Forsyth Paul,Maguire Trevor,Kuffel Rick.. Real time digital simulation for control and protection system testing[J], Power Electronics Specialists Conference,.PESC 04.2004 IEEE 35th Annual:329-335.
[35]Kuffel Rick, J.Giesbrecht, T.Maguire.A fully digital power system simulator operating in real time[J], Electrical and Computer Engineering. Canadian Conference,1996:733-736.
[36]Qi Guo, Weiqiang Han, Hong Rao. Study on the reliability of real-time simulation Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies,.Third International Conference on,2008:1708-1711.
[37]Hill R J, Cevik I H. On-line simulation of voltage regulation in autotransformer-fed AC electric railroad traction networks[J]. Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on.1993,42(3): 365-372.
[38]Almeida M E, de Barros M T C. Tower modelling for lightning surge analysis using Electro-Magnetic Transients Program[J]. Generation, Transmission and Distribution, IEEE Proceedings-.1994,141(6):637-639.
[39]Tatcho P, Zhou Y, Li H, et al. A real time digital test bed for a smart grid using RTDS[Z]. 2010658-661.
[40]Mariscotti A, Pozzobon P, Vanti M. Simplified Modeling of Times 25-kV AT Railway System for the Solution of Low Frequency and Large-Scale Problems[J].Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on.2007,22(1):296-301.
[41]杨星星.基于RTDS的微机保护实时仿真系统研究[D].上海交通大学,2009.
[42]张兴然,王霞.基于RTDS的电力系统实时仿真[J].陕西电力.2008(5)：54-56.
[43]陆桂华.基于Matlab的距离保护仿真[J].实验室研究与探索,2010,29(8)：56-61.
[44]刘强,蔡泽祥.基于Matlab的变压器差动保护闭环仿真研究[J].电力自动化设备,2007,27(9)：143-147.
[45]Chang-Ho Jung,Hyun-Soo Jung,Jin-O Kim.Dynamic characteristic test of protective relay for double circuit using real time digital simulator(RTDS),Power System Technology[J], Proceedings.PowerCon 2000.1nternational Conference,2000:1461-1464.
[46]Nadil Berbic,Rizah Memisevic,Joze Vorsic.Application of program packages EMTDC and matlab in the analysis of impact of neutral point operating regime on the magnitude of touch Voltage[J]. IEEE Transactions on Volume 20,2005,2(1):838-843.
[47]Semlyen A, Iravani M R. Frequency domain modeling of external systems in an Electro-Magnetic Transients Program[J]. Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on.1993,8(2): 527-533.
[48]郑思铭,别玉,付雨林.牵引变压器保护装置的开发与仿真模拟研究[J].电气制造.,2012(2)：38-40.
[49]霍超.电网继电保护在线预警及实时仿真技术的研究与实现[D].上海交通大学,2008.
[50]Brown. J. C Allan T M B. Calculation and measurement of rail impedances applicableto remote short circuit fault currents.IEEE Proceedings,Part B:Electric Power Applications [J],1992,139(4):295-302.
[51]魏明,崔桂梅.电力系统实时数字仿真器RTDS简介[J].装备制造技术.2008(6)：128-130.
[52]Chang-Ho Jung,Hyun-Soo Jung,Jin-O Kim.Dynamic characteristic test of protective relay for double circuit using real time digital simulator(RTDS),Power System Technology [J]. Proceedings.PowerCon 2000.1nternational Conference,2000:1461-1464.
[53]Nadil Berbic,Rizah Memisevic,Joze Vorsic.Application of program packages EMTDC and matlab in the analysis of impact of neutral point operating regime on the magnitude of touch Voltage[J]. IEEE Transactions on Volume 20,2005,2(1):838-843.
[54]JF Liu,PL Wilson,Jayasinghe.A PSCAD/EMTDC based simulation study of protective relay Developments in Power System Protection[J]. Eighth IEEE International Conferenc-e,2000:264-267.
[55]Mojtaba Khederzadeh.The impact of FACTS device on digital multifunctional protective relays[J].Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition 2002:Asia Pacific,IE EE,2002,10(3):2043-2048.
[56]朱中华.牵引变电所变压器微机保护装置的研究[D].华中科技大学,2005.
[57]柳润.变压器差动保护原理及装置的研究[D].华中科技大学,2004.
[58]杨振龙.V/X接线牵引变压器的研究和应用[J].电气化铁道,2004(4)：103-108.
[59]徐志恒,钱珞江RTDS用户自定义元件模型(UDC)的应用方法[J].电力系统保护与控制.2009(22)：141-145.
[60]RTDS Technologies Inc.Real time digital simulation for the power industry manual set, 2007.