德宏傣族景颇族自治州耕地与基本农田保护研究
|
摘要
一定数量的耕地是粮食安全的基础,也是保障国家政治安全、社会安全、经济安全和生态安全的重要基础。德宏傣族景颇族自治州是边疆山区少数民族地区,随着该州经济社会快速发展,人口数量不断上升,建设占用耕地不断增加,生态退耕和灾毁耕地的不断增多,人均耕地面积不断减少,加上德宏州耕地总体质量不高,水土流失严重,耕地投入产出率低,Ⅱ、Ⅲ等宜耕面积比重大等,德宏州人地矛盾突出,耕地保护形势严峻。
本文首先对德宏傣族景颇族自治州耕地资源现状及耕地动态变化进行系统分析,并对引起德宏州耕地动态变化的驱动力进行了分析;同时通过对德宏州耕地压力指数分析,归纳总结了德宏州耕地和基本农田利用中存在问题;并分析了德宏州耕地保护面临的挑战;并以此为基础,结合德宏州特殊地域特点,论述了加强该州耕地保护的综合效益,突出了德宏傣族景颇族自治州耕地资源保护重要性、必要性和迫切性;最后提出德宏州从数量和质量耕地保护的具体措施。
通过研究,取得结论如下:
1、耕地数量不断减少,人地矛盾突出。1996-2008年间,德宏州耕地处于不断减少的状态,共减少耕地面积5468.92公顷,年均减少455.74公顷;人均耕地面积减少0.0395公顷(0.59亩),减幅达1.65%。而通过对1996-2005年间德宏州耕地压力指数分析,1998年后,德宏州耕地的压力指数一直大于1,2003年更是达到1.4633,人地矛盾突出。
2、耕地质量不高,自然灾害频发。通过研究发现,德宏州化肥施用量增长率高于粮食产出率,耕地产出效益比较低;其次,坡耕地面积比重大,据2009年全国统一时点更新数据统计,2009年德宏州耕地资源中坡耕地(>2°的耕地)112693.33公顷,占全州耕地面积的61.11%,其中2°~ 6°平坡耕地27293.33公顷,占14.80%,6°~ 15°缓坡耕地44480.00公顷,占24.12 %,15°~ 25°中坡耕地37793.33公顷,占20.49%,>25°陡坡耕地3126.67公顷,占1.70%,Ⅱ、Ⅲ等宜耕面积比重大。耕地总体质量不高且自然灾害频发。
3、水土流失严重;大量化肥、农药使用,耕地肥力下降,生态环境受到影响。德宏州水土流失严重,造成大量土壤养分流失量;1996-2005年间,全州化肥施、农药施用量分别增加18148吨和504吨,而耕地未增加反而减少了5739.4公顷。化肥施用量和农药施用量的过量增加,大量氮磷钾化学营养元素及农药化学成分首先造成对耕地的污染,随后随地表径流冲刷进入地表水,将加剧水体富营养化,增加水体污染治理的难度。
4、德宏州耕地保护面临严峻挑战。未来一段时期内,人口将继续增加,建设占用优质耕地,生态屏障建设等将给德宏州耕地保护造成严峻考验。
5、德宏州耕地保护效益明显。德宏州边疆山区少数民族地区的区位特征决定了加强耕地保护将带来巨大的综合效益,包括社会效益、生态效益、经济效益和政治效益。应因地制宜加强耕地与基本农田保护。
6、本文最后根据德宏州土地利用现状、耕地利用中存在的主要问题、耕地保护的效益和耕地的属性,有针对性地提出了从耕地的数量和质量两方面加强耕地和基本农田保护的措施和建议。
Certain amount of land protection is the basis of food security, which is also the important foundation of national political security, social security, economic security and ecological security. Dehong Di and Jingpo Prefecture is the border mountainous ethnic group region, with the rapid economic and social development of the state, population of the state is increasing continuously, construction is occupying more and more farmland, the area of ecological land restoration and land destroyed by disasters is increasing incessantly as well, which resulted in the unceasing decline of personal average arable land. In addition, the overall quality of arable land in Dehong Prefecture is not so high, serious soil erosion with low input and output rate and classⅡandⅢarable lands are of significant proportion in the total arable land area. The conflicts between land and people are quite significant in Dehong Prefecture and the situation of arable land protection is quite grim.
First, this article made the systematic analysis on the current situation of farmland resources in Dehong Prefecture and the dynamic chmnge of farmland; moreover, factors thmt caused the dynamic chmnge of farmland in Dehong Prefecture were analyzed as well. Through farmland pressure index analysis of Dehong Prefecture, the general existing problems of farmland utilization in Dehong Prefecture were summarized, at the meanwhile, the facing chmllenges of farmland protection in Dehong Prefecture was analyzed as well. Based on the analysis above and the special regional chmracteristic of Dehong Prefecture, the synthetic benefits of strengthening farmland protection in the state was discussed, which highlighted the necessity and urgency of performing farmland resources protection in Dehong Prefecture. Finally, specific measures of performing farmland protection in Dehong Prefecture were given from the aspects of quantity, quality, time and space.
Following conclusions are gained through researching:
1. There were significant conflicts between land and people with the decreasing of farmland. During the year between 1996 and 2008, the farmland in Dehong Prefecture hmd been in the trend of decreasing with a totally area of 5468.92 hm. Farmland were reduced, the annual reduction quantity were 455.74 hm. The average personal reduction of farmland was 0.0395 hm. (0.59 acres), whose reduction scale was 1.65%. Through farmland pressure index analysis of Dehong Prefecture, after the year of 1998, farmland pressure index of Dehong Prefecture hmd been above 1, which even appeared to be 1.4633 in 2003, conflicts between land and people were so significant.
2. Poor land quality with frequent natural disasters. It was discovered from research thmt the increasing rate of fertilizer application was higher thmn the food yield rate in Dehong Prefecture, yielding benefits of farmland was still relatively low; Secondly, the slope land was of large proportion in the general of farmland, it was shown in the Second Land Investigation Data of Yunnan Province thmt, in 2008, among the farmland resources of Dehong Prefecture, the slope land (slope > 2°) covered an area of 112,715.46 hm., which occupied the proportion of 61.11% in the total state farmland area; 2°~ 6°flat slope farmland covered an area of 27293.60 hm., which accounted for 14.80%; 6°~ 15°gentle slope farmland covered an area of 44477.28 hm., which accounted for 24.12%; 15°~ 25°intermediate slope farmland covered an area of 37791.01 hm., which accounted for 20.49%; the steep farmland covered an area of 3153.57 hm., which accounted for 1.71%; classⅡandⅢarable lands were of major proportion as well. The overall quality of farmland was not high with frequent natural disasters.
3. Serious soil erosion; large quantity application of fertilizers and pesticide led to the decline of farmland fertility and influence to the ecological environment. There was serious soil erosion in Dehong Prefecture, which resulted in heavy losses of soil nutrients; between the year 1996 and 2005, the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticide increased 18,148 tons and 504 tons respectively, in contrast, the quantity of farmland reduced an area of 5739.4 hm. The overweight application increasing of chemical fertilizers and pesticides resulted in the farmland pollution by large quantity of NPK chemical nutrient elements and the gradients of chemical pesticides. Subsequently, these elements and gradients were washed into the land surface water by surface runoff, which aggravated the water eutrophication and increased the difficulties of water pollution control.
4.Farmland protection of Dehong Prefecture is facing rigid chmllenges. In the coming period, population will continue to increase; construction will occupy high-quality arable land together with the construction of ecological barrier etc., which result in baptism for the farmland protection of Dehong Prefecture.
5. There are obvious benefits for the farmland protection of Dehong Prefecture. The location feature of Dehong Prefecture border mountain minority region determine thmt the enhmncement of farmland protection will bring great comprehensive benefits, including social benefits, ecological benefits, economic benefits and political benefits. Accordingly, the protection of farmland and basic cultivation land shmll be enhmnced under adaptable conditions.
6. Finally, targeted measures and recommendations were given to enhmnce the protection of farmland and basic cultivation land from the aspects of quantity, quality according to the current land utilization situation of Dehong Prefecture, major existing problems during the farmland utilization as well as farmland protection benefits and farmland properties.
本文首先对德宏傣族景颇族自治州耕地资源现状及耕地动态变化进行系统分析,并对引起德宏州耕地动态变化的驱动力进行了分析;同时通过对德宏州耕地压力指数分析,归纳总结了德宏州耕地和基本农田利用中存在问题;并分析了德宏州耕地保护面临的挑战;并以此为基础,结合德宏州特殊地域特点,论述了加强该州耕地保护的综合效益,突出了德宏傣族景颇族自治州耕地资源保护重要性、必要性和迫切性;最后提出德宏州从数量和质量耕地保护的具体措施。
通过研究,取得结论如下:
1、耕地数量不断减少,人地矛盾突出。1996-2008年间,德宏州耕地处于不断减少的状态,共减少耕地面积5468.92公顷,年均减少455.74公顷;人均耕地面积减少0.0395公顷(0.59亩),减幅达1.65%。而通过对1996-2005年间德宏州耕地压力指数分析,1998年后,德宏州耕地的压力指数一直大于1,2003年更是达到1.4633,人地矛盾突出。
2、耕地质量不高,自然灾害频发。通过研究发现,德宏州化肥施用量增长率高于粮食产出率,耕地产出效益比较低;其次,坡耕地面积比重大,据2009年全国统一时点更新数据统计,2009年德宏州耕地资源中坡耕地(>2°的耕地)112693.33公顷,占全州耕地面积的61.11%,其中2°~ 6°平坡耕地27293.33公顷,占14.80%,6°~ 15°缓坡耕地44480.00公顷,占24.12 %,15°~ 25°中坡耕地37793.33公顷,占20.49%,>25°陡坡耕地3126.67公顷,占1.70%,Ⅱ、Ⅲ等宜耕面积比重大。耕地总体质量不高且自然灾害频发。
3、水土流失严重;大量化肥、农药使用,耕地肥力下降,生态环境受到影响。德宏州水土流失严重,造成大量土壤养分流失量;1996-2005年间,全州化肥施、农药施用量分别增加18148吨和504吨,而耕地未增加反而减少了5739.4公顷。化肥施用量和农药施用量的过量增加,大量氮磷钾化学营养元素及农药化学成分首先造成对耕地的污染,随后随地表径流冲刷进入地表水,将加剧水体富营养化,增加水体污染治理的难度。
4、德宏州耕地保护面临严峻挑战。未来一段时期内,人口将继续增加,建设占用优质耕地,生态屏障建设等将给德宏州耕地保护造成严峻考验。
5、德宏州耕地保护效益明显。德宏州边疆山区少数民族地区的区位特征决定了加强耕地保护将带来巨大的综合效益,包括社会效益、生态效益、经济效益和政治效益。应因地制宜加强耕地与基本农田保护。
6、本文最后根据德宏州土地利用现状、耕地利用中存在的主要问题、耕地保护的效益和耕地的属性,有针对性地提出了从耕地的数量和质量两方面加强耕地和基本农田保护的措施和建议。
Certain amount of land protection is the basis of food security, which is also the important foundation of national political security, social security, economic security and ecological security. Dehong Di and Jingpo Prefecture is the border mountainous ethnic group region, with the rapid economic and social development of the state, population of the state is increasing continuously, construction is occupying more and more farmland, the area of ecological land restoration and land destroyed by disasters is increasing incessantly as well, which resulted in the unceasing decline of personal average arable land. In addition, the overall quality of arable land in Dehong Prefecture is not so high, serious soil erosion with low input and output rate and classⅡandⅢarable lands are of significant proportion in the total arable land area. The conflicts between land and people are quite significant in Dehong Prefecture and the situation of arable land protection is quite grim.
First, this article made the systematic analysis on the current situation of farmland resources in Dehong Prefecture and the dynamic chmnge of farmland; moreover, factors thmt caused the dynamic chmnge of farmland in Dehong Prefecture were analyzed as well. Through farmland pressure index analysis of Dehong Prefecture, the general existing problems of farmland utilization in Dehong Prefecture were summarized, at the meanwhile, the facing chmllenges of farmland protection in Dehong Prefecture was analyzed as well. Based on the analysis above and the special regional chmracteristic of Dehong Prefecture, the synthetic benefits of strengthening farmland protection in the state was discussed, which highlighted the necessity and urgency of performing farmland resources protection in Dehong Prefecture. Finally, specific measures of performing farmland protection in Dehong Prefecture were given from the aspects of quantity, quality, time and space.
Following conclusions are gained through researching:
1. There were significant conflicts between land and people with the decreasing of farmland. During the year between 1996 and 2008, the farmland in Dehong Prefecture hmd been in the trend of decreasing with a totally area of 5468.92 hm. Farmland were reduced, the annual reduction quantity were 455.74 hm. The average personal reduction of farmland was 0.0395 hm. (0.59 acres), whose reduction scale was 1.65%. Through farmland pressure index analysis of Dehong Prefecture, after the year of 1998, farmland pressure index of Dehong Prefecture hmd been above 1, which even appeared to be 1.4633 in 2003, conflicts between land and people were so significant.
2. Poor land quality with frequent natural disasters. It was discovered from research thmt the increasing rate of fertilizer application was higher thmn the food yield rate in Dehong Prefecture, yielding benefits of farmland was still relatively low; Secondly, the slope land was of large proportion in the general of farmland, it was shown in the Second Land Investigation Data of Yunnan Province thmt, in 2008, among the farmland resources of Dehong Prefecture, the slope land (slope > 2°) covered an area of 112,715.46 hm., which occupied the proportion of 61.11% in the total state farmland area; 2°~ 6°flat slope farmland covered an area of 27293.60 hm., which accounted for 14.80%; 6°~ 15°gentle slope farmland covered an area of 44477.28 hm., which accounted for 24.12%; 15°~ 25°intermediate slope farmland covered an area of 37791.01 hm., which accounted for 20.49%; the steep farmland covered an area of 3153.57 hm., which accounted for 1.71%; classⅡandⅢarable lands were of major proportion as well. The overall quality of farmland was not high with frequent natural disasters.
3. Serious soil erosion; large quantity application of fertilizers and pesticide led to the decline of farmland fertility and influence to the ecological environment. There was serious soil erosion in Dehong Prefecture, which resulted in heavy losses of soil nutrients; between the year 1996 and 2005, the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticide increased 18,148 tons and 504 tons respectively, in contrast, the quantity of farmland reduced an area of 5739.4 hm. The overweight application increasing of chemical fertilizers and pesticides resulted in the farmland pollution by large quantity of NPK chemical nutrient elements and the gradients of chemical pesticides. Subsequently, these elements and gradients were washed into the land surface water by surface runoff, which aggravated the water eutrophication and increased the difficulties of water pollution control.
4.Farmland protection of Dehong Prefecture is facing rigid chmllenges. In the coming period, population will continue to increase; construction will occupy high-quality arable land together with the construction of ecological barrier etc., which result in baptism for the farmland protection of Dehong Prefecture.
5. There are obvious benefits for the farmland protection of Dehong Prefecture. The location feature of Dehong Prefecture border mountain minority region determine thmt the enhmncement of farmland protection will bring great comprehensive benefits, including social benefits, ecological benefits, economic benefits and political benefits. Accordingly, the protection of farmland and basic cultivation land shmll be enhmnced under adaptable conditions.
6. Finally, targeted measures and recommendations were given to enhmnce the protection of farmland and basic cultivation land from the aspects of quantity, quality according to the current land utilization situation of Dehong Prefecture, major existing problems during the farmland utilization as well as farmland protection benefits and farmland properties.
引文
[1]付士波.酒泉市耕地和基本农田保护研究[D].甘肃:兰州大学,2010:1-3.
[2]陈利顶.我国近年来耕地资源动态变化的区域特征及对策分析[J].自然资源,1996,5,1~8
[3]陈百明,李世顺.中国耕地数量下降之剖析:1986~1995年[J].地理科学进展,1998,( 3):43~50.
[4]张凤荣,薛永林,鞠正山等.中国耕地的数量与质量变化分析[J].资源科学,1998,5,32~39
[5]倪绍祥,刘彦随.论耕地质量在耕地总量动态平衡中的重要性[J].经济地理,1998,18(2),83~85
[6]李彦芳,尚国琲.耕地保护面临的严峻挑战—谈耕地隐性流失[J].土壤,2004,36(3): 289~291
[7]陈百明,周小萍.中国近期耕地资源与粮食综合生产能力的变化态势[J].资源科学, 2004, 26(5): 38~45
[8]洪波,陈浩.耕地非农化对粮食生产影响研究———基于耕地质量变化角度的分析[J].江西农业学报, 2007, 19(4):127-129.
[9]杨子生等.德宏傣族景颇族自治州耕地与基本农田保护专题研究[R].昆明:云南财经大学国土资源与持续发展研究所,2009:1-10.
[10]赵华甫,张凤荣.耕地保护方向待转——从单一功能到多功能的演变交替[J].中国土地, 2010, 10:19-20
[11]陈美球,洪土林等.试析农户耕地保护的外部性[J].江西农业大学学报(社会科学版),2010,9(1):71-75。
[12]吴大放,刘艳艳等.我国耕地数量、质量与空间变化研究综述[J].热带地理,2010,30(2):108-113.
[13]陈利顶.我国近年来耕地资源动态变化的区域特征及对策分析[J].自然资源,1996(5):1-8.
[14]封志明,刘宝勤,杨艳昭.中国耕地资源数量变化的趋势分析与数据重建:1949―2003[J].自然资源学报,2005,20(1):35-43.
[15]史娟,张凤荣,赵婷婷.1998年―2006年中国耕地资源的时空变化特征[J].资源科学,2008,30(8):1191-1198.
[16]宋开山,刘殿伟,王宗明,等.三江平原过去50年耕地动态变化及其驱动力分析[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(4):75-81.
[17]吴大放,刘艳艳,董玉祥,等.珠海市耕地变化时空特征及其驱动力分析[J].热带地理,2009,29(5):472-476.
[18] Richmrd P Greene. Threat to high market value agricultural lands from urban enctoachment:A nationaland regional perspective. Social Science Journal, 1995,32(2):137~156.
[19] Marlow Vesterby . Land use and demographic chmnge: Results from fast growth countries. Land Eco-nomics, 1991,67:279~291.
[20]方如康.我国土地资源合理利用问题初步探讨[J].地理科学,1982,2(2):117~124.
[21]赵松乔.我国耕地资源的地理分布和合理开发利用[J].自然资源,1984,(1):13~20.
[22]黄自立.陕北黄土高原土地资源的合理利用[J].自然资源,1985,(1):17~23.
[23]陈利顶.我国近年来耕地资源动态变化的区域特征及对策分析[J].自然资源,1996,(5):1~8
[24] Tan Minghong,Li Xiubin,Xie Hui,et al.Urban land expansion and arable land loss in China—a case study of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region[J].Land Use Policy,2005,22(3):187-196.
[25] Yi chun Xie,Yu Mei,Tian Guangjin,et al.Socio-economic driving force so farable land conversion:A case study of WuxianCity, China[J].Global Environmental Chmnge,2005,15:238-252.
[26]刘毅华.南海市耕地数量变化及其可持续利用对策[J].热带地理,2002,22(2):102-111.
[27] Erik Lichtenberg,Chengri Ding.Assessing farmland protection policy in China[J].Land Use Policy,2008,25:59-68.
[28]陈朝辉.再论我国耕地的保护和完善保护机制的问题[J].热带地理,2002,22(3):253-256.
[29]葛全胜,戴君虎,何凡能,等.过去300年中国部分省区耕地资源数量变化及驱动因素分析[J].自然科学进展,2003,13(8):35-43.
[30]宋开山,刘殿伟,王宗明,等.三江平原过去50年耕地动态变化及其驱动力分析[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(4):75-81.
[31]刘毅华.我国耕地数量变化研究的回顾——进展及问题[J].土壤,2003,35(3):193-197.
[32]熊鹰,王克林,郭娴.湖南省耕地数量动态变化与经济发展关系研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2003,19(5):69-72.
[33]谭永忠,吴次芳,牟永铭.20世纪90年代浙江省耕地非农化过程分析[J].地理科学,2004,24(1):14-19.
[34]唐常春,陈烈,魏成.大都市边缘区域耕地数量变化的时空特征及动力机制——以广州市花都区为例[J].资源科学,2006,28(5): 43-49.
[35]蔡玉梅,任国柱.中国耕地数量的区域变化及调控研究[J].地理学与国土研究,1998,14(3):13-18.
[36]赵其国,周生路,吴绍华,等.中国耕地资源变化及其可持续利用与保护对策[J].土壤学报,2006,43(4):662-672.
[37]刘登高,张小川,崔永.东北黑土地保护问题的调查报告[J].中国农业资源与区划,2004,25(15):16-18.
[38]鲁彩艳,陈欣,史奕,等.东北黑土资源质量变化特征研究概述[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2005,21(3):182-184.
[39]骆永明,滕应,李清波,等.长江三角洲地区土壤环境质量与修复研究I.典型污染区农田土壤中多氯代二苯并二噁英/呋喃(PCDD/Fs)组成和污染的初步研究[J].土壤学报,2005,42(4):570-576.
[40]李福兴.我国西部地区耕地退化现状及其防治对策[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(1):1-10.
[41]王卫,李秀彬.中国耕地有机质含量变化对土地生产力影响的定量研究[J].地理科学,2002,22(1):24-28.
[42]葛向东,彭补拙,濮励杰,等.长江三角洲地区耕地质量变化的初步研究——以锡山市为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2002,11(1): 47-51.
[43]刘小平.县级耕地质量经济评价的理论与方法研究——以江苏扬中市为例[J].地域研究与开发,1999,18(2):22-28.
[44]曹东杰,顾玉泉,朱恩,等.上海市金山区耕地质量时空变化与提高途径[J].上海农业学报,2008,24(1):95-98.
[45]唐毅,马礼.一种度量耕地质量的新方法——以河北省沽源县为例[J].首都师范大学学报:自然科学版,2007,28(6):64-67.
[46]张全景,欧名豪.我国土地用途管制之耕地保护绩效的定量研究—以山东省为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2004,14(4):56-59.
[47]陈美球,邓爱珍等.不同群体农民耕地保护心态的实证研究[J].中国软科学,2005,9:16-22.
[48]姬东风,秦明周.地方政府耕地保护激励机制研究[J].国土资源科技管理,2007,6:35-38.
[49]朱红波.我国耕地保护政策运行效果与效率分析[J].地理与地理信息科学,2007,23(6):50-53.
[50]吴泽斌,刘卫东.耕地保护政策执行力的测度与评析[J].中国土地科学,2009,23(12):33-38.
[51]吴泽斌,刘卫东等.我国耕地保护的绩效评价及其省际差异分析[J].自然资源学报,2009,24(10):1785-1792.
[52]姜爱林.外国学者对土地政策的研究述评[J].中国软科学,2000,(2):18-21.
[53]李宪文,林培.国内外耕地利用与保护的理论基础及其进展[J].地理科学进展,2001,20(4):306-312.
[54] Jeffrey Kline,Dennis Wichelns(1998,Nov)Public preferences regarding the goals of farmland Preservation Programs:RePly Land Economics.Madison:Vol.74,Iss.4
[55]肖国安.《中国粮食安全研究》[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2005,8.
[56]郑纪芳,史建民.国内外耕地保护相关问题研究综述[J].生产力研究,2009(5):161-163.
[57]吴次芳,谭永忠.制度缺陷与耕地保护[J].中国农村经济,2002,7:69-73.
[58]段亚枫.河北省人口与耕地资源的可持续发展(D).北京:首都经济贸易大学,2009,3.
[59]韩德英.《缅甸经济》[M].潞西:德宏民族出版社,1997.
[60]贺一梅,杨子生,赵乔贵,等.中国西南边疆山区耕地资源质量评价——以云南省为例.中国农学通报,2008,24(3):384 ~ 389
[61]冉清红,邱云华等.中国耕地警戒值的测算与讨论[J].资源科学,2007,29(43):156-163.
[62]王建源.山东省耕地压力现状分析[J].当代生态农业,2005,(1):27-29.
[63]朱洪波,张安录.中国耕地压力指数时空规律分析[J].资源科学,2007,29(2):104-108.
[64]蔡运龙,傅泽强等.区域最小人均耕地面积与耕地资源调控[J].地理学报,2002,57(2):127-134.
[65]中国农业科学院.人均400公斤粮食必不可少[J].中国农业科学,1986,19(5):1-7.
[66]中国农业科学院.我国人均400公斤粮食必不可少[J]..农业技术经济,1986,(8):12-15
[67]杨子生等.基于耕地资源利用的区域粮食安全评估原理·方法及其在云南的实践(M),北京:中国科学技术出版社,2008,4,46-52.
[68]云南省计划委员会.迈向新世纪的宏伟蓝图——云南省国民经济与社会发展“九五”计划和2010年远景目标(M).昆明:云南科技出版社,1996:1-14.
[69]胡晓晔.边疆民族地区生态文明建设探究—以云南省德宏州为例[J].云南行政学院学报,2009,(5):115-118.
[70]李边疆,王万茂.地方政府的博弈行为与耕地保护——一个基于公共物品私人供给模型的分析框架[J].中国软科学, 2006(4): 39-45.
[71] http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2011-03-17/055622129864.shtml.
[72]李倩.保护耕地,不仅仅是保面积[J](访中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所研究员刘彦随). 2010,(Z1):27-30.
[73]周静,吴志峰等.珠江口两岸耕地景观破碎化定量分析[J].热带地理,2005,25(2):107-110.
[2]陈利顶.我国近年来耕地资源动态变化的区域特征及对策分析[J].自然资源,1996,5,1~8
[3]陈百明,李世顺.中国耕地数量下降之剖析:1986~1995年[J].地理科学进展,1998,( 3):43~50.
[4]张凤荣,薛永林,鞠正山等.中国耕地的数量与质量变化分析[J].资源科学,1998,5,32~39
[5]倪绍祥,刘彦随.论耕地质量在耕地总量动态平衡中的重要性[J].经济地理,1998,18(2),83~85
[6]李彦芳,尚国琲.耕地保护面临的严峻挑战—谈耕地隐性流失[J].土壤,2004,36(3): 289~291
[7]陈百明,周小萍.中国近期耕地资源与粮食综合生产能力的变化态势[J].资源科学, 2004, 26(5): 38~45
[8]洪波,陈浩.耕地非农化对粮食生产影响研究———基于耕地质量变化角度的分析[J].江西农业学报, 2007, 19(4):127-129.
[9]杨子生等.德宏傣族景颇族自治州耕地与基本农田保护专题研究[R].昆明:云南财经大学国土资源与持续发展研究所,2009:1-10.
[10]赵华甫,张凤荣.耕地保护方向待转——从单一功能到多功能的演变交替[J].中国土地, 2010, 10:19-20
[11]陈美球,洪土林等.试析农户耕地保护的外部性[J].江西农业大学学报(社会科学版),2010,9(1):71-75。
[12]吴大放,刘艳艳等.我国耕地数量、质量与空间变化研究综述[J].热带地理,2010,30(2):108-113.
[13]陈利顶.我国近年来耕地资源动态变化的区域特征及对策分析[J].自然资源,1996(5):1-8.
[14]封志明,刘宝勤,杨艳昭.中国耕地资源数量变化的趋势分析与数据重建:1949―2003[J].自然资源学报,2005,20(1):35-43.
[15]史娟,张凤荣,赵婷婷.1998年―2006年中国耕地资源的时空变化特征[J].资源科学,2008,30(8):1191-1198.
[16]宋开山,刘殿伟,王宗明,等.三江平原过去50年耕地动态变化及其驱动力分析[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(4):75-81.
[17]吴大放,刘艳艳,董玉祥,等.珠海市耕地变化时空特征及其驱动力分析[J].热带地理,2009,29(5):472-476.
[18] Richmrd P Greene. Threat to high market value agricultural lands from urban enctoachment:A nationaland regional perspective. Social Science Journal, 1995,32(2):137~156.
[19] Marlow Vesterby . Land use and demographic chmnge: Results from fast growth countries. Land Eco-nomics, 1991,67:279~291.
[20]方如康.我国土地资源合理利用问题初步探讨[J].地理科学,1982,2(2):117~124.
[21]赵松乔.我国耕地资源的地理分布和合理开发利用[J].自然资源,1984,(1):13~20.
[22]黄自立.陕北黄土高原土地资源的合理利用[J].自然资源,1985,(1):17~23.
[23]陈利顶.我国近年来耕地资源动态变化的区域特征及对策分析[J].自然资源,1996,(5):1~8
[24] Tan Minghong,Li Xiubin,Xie Hui,et al.Urban land expansion and arable land loss in China—a case study of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region[J].Land Use Policy,2005,22(3):187-196.
[25] Yi chun Xie,Yu Mei,Tian Guangjin,et al.Socio-economic driving force so farable land conversion:A case study of WuxianCity, China[J].Global Environmental Chmnge,2005,15:238-252.
[26]刘毅华.南海市耕地数量变化及其可持续利用对策[J].热带地理,2002,22(2):102-111.
[27] Erik Lichtenberg,Chengri Ding.Assessing farmland protection policy in China[J].Land Use Policy,2008,25:59-68.
[28]陈朝辉.再论我国耕地的保护和完善保护机制的问题[J].热带地理,2002,22(3):253-256.
[29]葛全胜,戴君虎,何凡能,等.过去300年中国部分省区耕地资源数量变化及驱动因素分析[J].自然科学进展,2003,13(8):35-43.
[30]宋开山,刘殿伟,王宗明,等.三江平原过去50年耕地动态变化及其驱动力分析[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(4):75-81.
[31]刘毅华.我国耕地数量变化研究的回顾——进展及问题[J].土壤,2003,35(3):193-197.
[32]熊鹰,王克林,郭娴.湖南省耕地数量动态变化与经济发展关系研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2003,19(5):69-72.
[33]谭永忠,吴次芳,牟永铭.20世纪90年代浙江省耕地非农化过程分析[J].地理科学,2004,24(1):14-19.
[34]唐常春,陈烈,魏成.大都市边缘区域耕地数量变化的时空特征及动力机制——以广州市花都区为例[J].资源科学,2006,28(5): 43-49.
[35]蔡玉梅,任国柱.中国耕地数量的区域变化及调控研究[J].地理学与国土研究,1998,14(3):13-18.
[36]赵其国,周生路,吴绍华,等.中国耕地资源变化及其可持续利用与保护对策[J].土壤学报,2006,43(4):662-672.
[37]刘登高,张小川,崔永.东北黑土地保护问题的调查报告[J].中国农业资源与区划,2004,25(15):16-18.
[38]鲁彩艳,陈欣,史奕,等.东北黑土资源质量变化特征研究概述[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2005,21(3):182-184.
[39]骆永明,滕应,李清波,等.长江三角洲地区土壤环境质量与修复研究I.典型污染区农田土壤中多氯代二苯并二噁英/呋喃(PCDD/Fs)组成和污染的初步研究[J].土壤学报,2005,42(4):570-576.
[40]李福兴.我国西部地区耕地退化现状及其防治对策[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(1):1-10.
[41]王卫,李秀彬.中国耕地有机质含量变化对土地生产力影响的定量研究[J].地理科学,2002,22(1):24-28.
[42]葛向东,彭补拙,濮励杰,等.长江三角洲地区耕地质量变化的初步研究——以锡山市为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2002,11(1): 47-51.
[43]刘小平.县级耕地质量经济评价的理论与方法研究——以江苏扬中市为例[J].地域研究与开发,1999,18(2):22-28.
[44]曹东杰,顾玉泉,朱恩,等.上海市金山区耕地质量时空变化与提高途径[J].上海农业学报,2008,24(1):95-98.
[45]唐毅,马礼.一种度量耕地质量的新方法——以河北省沽源县为例[J].首都师范大学学报:自然科学版,2007,28(6):64-67.
[46]张全景,欧名豪.我国土地用途管制之耕地保护绩效的定量研究—以山东省为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2004,14(4):56-59.
[47]陈美球,邓爱珍等.不同群体农民耕地保护心态的实证研究[J].中国软科学,2005,9:16-22.
[48]姬东风,秦明周.地方政府耕地保护激励机制研究[J].国土资源科技管理,2007,6:35-38.
[49]朱红波.我国耕地保护政策运行效果与效率分析[J].地理与地理信息科学,2007,23(6):50-53.
[50]吴泽斌,刘卫东.耕地保护政策执行力的测度与评析[J].中国土地科学,2009,23(12):33-38.
[51]吴泽斌,刘卫东等.我国耕地保护的绩效评价及其省际差异分析[J].自然资源学报,2009,24(10):1785-1792.
[52]姜爱林.外国学者对土地政策的研究述评[J].中国软科学,2000,(2):18-21.
[53]李宪文,林培.国内外耕地利用与保护的理论基础及其进展[J].地理科学进展,2001,20(4):306-312.
[54] Jeffrey Kline,Dennis Wichelns(1998,Nov)Public preferences regarding the goals of farmland Preservation Programs:RePly Land Economics.Madison:Vol.74,Iss.4
[55]肖国安.《中国粮食安全研究》[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2005,8.
[56]郑纪芳,史建民.国内外耕地保护相关问题研究综述[J].生产力研究,2009(5):161-163.
[57]吴次芳,谭永忠.制度缺陷与耕地保护[J].中国农村经济,2002,7:69-73.
[58]段亚枫.河北省人口与耕地资源的可持续发展(D).北京:首都经济贸易大学,2009,3.
[59]韩德英.《缅甸经济》[M].潞西:德宏民族出版社,1997.
[60]贺一梅,杨子生,赵乔贵,等.中国西南边疆山区耕地资源质量评价——以云南省为例.中国农学通报,2008,24(3):384 ~ 389
[61]冉清红,邱云华等.中国耕地警戒值的测算与讨论[J].资源科学,2007,29(43):156-163.
[62]王建源.山东省耕地压力现状分析[J].当代生态农业,2005,(1):27-29.
[63]朱洪波,张安录.中国耕地压力指数时空规律分析[J].资源科学,2007,29(2):104-108.
[64]蔡运龙,傅泽强等.区域最小人均耕地面积与耕地资源调控[J].地理学报,2002,57(2):127-134.
[65]中国农业科学院.人均400公斤粮食必不可少[J].中国农业科学,1986,19(5):1-7.
[66]中国农业科学院.我国人均400公斤粮食必不可少[J]..农业技术经济,1986,(8):12-15
[67]杨子生等.基于耕地资源利用的区域粮食安全评估原理·方法及其在云南的实践(M),北京:中国科学技术出版社,2008,4,46-52.
[68]云南省计划委员会.迈向新世纪的宏伟蓝图——云南省国民经济与社会发展“九五”计划和2010年远景目标(M).昆明:云南科技出版社,1996:1-14.
[69]胡晓晔.边疆民族地区生态文明建设探究—以云南省德宏州为例[J].云南行政学院学报,2009,(5):115-118.
[70]李边疆,王万茂.地方政府的博弈行为与耕地保护——一个基于公共物品私人供给模型的分析框架[J].中国软科学, 2006(4): 39-45.
[71] http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2011-03-17/055622129864.shtml.
[72]李倩.保护耕地,不仅仅是保面积[J](访中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所研究员刘彦随). 2010,(Z1):27-30.
[73]周静,吴志峰等.珠江口两岸耕地景观破碎化定量分析[J].热带地理,2005,25(2):107-110.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |