摘要
随着世界范围内能源危机的到来,各国政府都在积极地推广节能降耗技术。变频空调由于性能优异、节省能源等特点,逐渐成为各大空调生产企业的发展方向,变频技术也日渐得到各个厂家的重视。
本文内容来源于国内某公司正在研制的变频空调电气部分。文中主要从硬件方面对家用一拖一变频空调的室内外电气部分进行设计,并完成了相关软件设计以及芯片的选择。为了使工作于室外环境的空调单元控制系统结构简洁、高效、可靠性高,室外机电气部分选用智能功率模块(IPM)和单片机构建整个系统,用智能功率模块IPM替代分立元器件IGBT搭成的逆变桥,室内主要有室内风机控制、温度采样、风门片控制以及与室内外的通讯电路等。
空调压缩机作为变频空调的核心部分,其运行性能的好坏直接关系到整个空调系统的性能。为此,需要对压缩机电机进行高性能的控制,本文根据压缩机的参数和控制要求完成了压缩机电机的变频调速系统的设计,以MN103SFC2DXW型松下单片机为核心控制器,以智能功率模块为主功率开关器件,对主电路、控制电路、保护电路及通讯电路进行了优化设计,并给出了室内外软件设计流程图。
将模糊控制应用于变频空调中,使压缩机避免频繁启动,工作噪音低,温度控制精度高,能够创造更舒适的房间温控环境,最后对整个空调系统进行了整机调试,给出了测试波形,并对波形进行了分析,论证了整个系统的可行性。
With the arrival of the energy source crisis worldwide,governments in many countries have been promoting the energy saving techniques actively.Inverter air conditioner has gradually become the central direction of development of air-conditioning manufacturers because of high-performance,energy saving characteristics.The fuzzy-countrol technology is more and more valuable for each factory.
The contents of the article comes from Inverter air conditioner electrical part which are being researched of Domestic company.This paper mainly design electrical part of the inverter air conditioner indoor and outdoor On the hardware side.And completed the relevant software design and selection of chip. In order to the air-conditioning unit control system which works in the outdoor environment structure Simple, high efficiency and high reliability,outdoor electrical part choose intelligent power module and microcontroller to build the entire system,In the system,IPM works as the inverter.Indoor mainly made up of indoor fan control,temperature sampling,and the communication circuit of Indoor and outdoor.
The compressor of inverter air conditioner is a core part of the whole system,the running performance of compressor will directly affect the performance of the entire air-conditioning system.Therefore,need high-performance control for compressor runing, based on the parameters of compressors and requirement of control to complete the design of compressor frequency control system.As MN103SFC2DXW type of Panasonic as the core controller,optimize main circuit,control circuit,protection circuits and communications circuits,and gives the inside and outside software design flow chart.
The fuzzy control applied to inverter air conditioners,made compressor avoid frequent starts,low noise at work,high precision temperature control.Be able to create a more comfortable environment of room temperature controlled.Finally,make a system debug for the entire air-conditioning system,Shows the test waveform,and make a analyse of waveforms,demonstrated the feasibility of the whole system.
引文
[1]熊幸明.变频调速技术的应用与发展[J].长沙大学学报,2005,19(5)：66-68
[2]闻良生,郑安平.模糊控制技术在变频空调器中的应用[J].无锡轻工大学学报,2005,17(1)： 102-106
[3]刘福玲.变频空调器性能特点分析[J].工业科技,2007,36(3)：38-43
[4]胡静,杜明星,杨昭.变频空调器的实验研究与性能分析[J].山东建筑大学学报,2007,22(4)：327-328
[5]蒋永华,余愚,孙海山.变频调速技术的行业现状与发展趋势[J].工业仪表与自动化装置,2007, (1)：12-14
[6]马南.空调制冷系统用分流器结构分析[J].制冷与空调,2006,6(2)：82-84
[7]徐德金.电机学[M].机械工业出版社,2009
[8]李宁,刘启新.电机自动控制系统[M].机械工业出版社,2003
[9]张忠贤,张佐钊VVVF控制变频调速减小电机容量对策研究[J].机电工程技术,2007,(1)：35-37
[10]王庆义,尹泉.一种改善VVVF变频调速系统稳定性方法[J].电机与控制学报,2007,11(2)：139-142
[11]李焦明.交流电力拖动问题探讨与验证[J].矿山机械,2007,35(8)：144-146
[12]金太东.单片机在异步电动机矢量控制调速系统的设计与实现[J].电机电器技术,2003,5(3)：42-43
[13]Antonio, Douglas Browm.Inverter Power Drive Transistor Diagnostic and Extended Operation under One-Transistor Trigger Suppression[J].IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,2008, (2):873-878
[14]陈国呈.PWM逆变技术及应用[M].中国电力出版社,2007
[15]Makoto Hagiware, Hirofumi Akagi.PWM Control and Experiment of Modular Multilevel Converters[J].IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2008, (2): 137-140
[16]张燕宾.SPWM变频调速应用技术[M].机械工业出版社,2005
[17]杨瞿,陈进,江明SPWM波形发生器DSP实现的一种方法[J].机电工程技术,2007,36(1)：69-71
[18]He Jin, Ned Mohan, Bill Wold.Zero-Voltage-Switching PWM Inverter for High-Frequency DC-AC Power Conversion[J].IEEE IAS Ann. Meet.1997, (2):8-10
[19]杨斌文张建.变频器调速应用中的电磁干扰与实用抗干扰技术[J].电器开关,2007,(1)：59-62
[20]孙立志.PWM与数字化电动机控制技术应用[M].中国电力出版社,2008
[21]陈奇栓,甄玉杰,刘廷丽,赵志骏SPWM与SVPWM在感应电动机变频调速系统中的比较研究[J].微电机,2007,40(5)：59-62
[22]Lee, Ehsani.A simplified functional model for3 phase voltage source inverter using switching function concept. Industrial Eleetronics Soeiety, The 25th Annual Conference of the IEEE,1999, (1):462-467
[23]徐楷.基于单片机的电机交流调速系统[J].电气技术与自动化,2007,(5)：142-144
[24]朱咏梅,懂桂菊.电路与电机控制[M].清华大学出版社,2007
[25]姜久超.现代电气控制系统的特点和应用[J].河北工业科技,2001,17(3)：18-20
[26]Jozsef GNemeth, BalazsVargha, Istvankollar.Online Frequency Domain System Indentifieation Basedona Visual Instrument[J].IEEE Transaction Instrumentation and measurement,2000, (2):309-312
[27]曲学基.电力电子整流技术及应用[M].电子工业出版社,2008
[28]周杰,张樱枝.单片机C语言与汇编语言实用程序设计[M].中国电力出版社,2009
[29]田松亚,李万刚,李婧.桥式逆变电路中IGBT工作过程的仿真[J].电焊机,2006,36(1)：64-66
[30]肖占胜.双模糊控制器在交流调速系统中的应用[J].山西冶金,2007,(1)：12-13
[31]Matthew SW, Dunnigan W, Williams BW.Modeling and Simulation of Induction Machine Vector Control with Rotor Resistance Identification[J].IEEE Trans. On Power Electrics.1997,12(3):495～506
[32]崔景潭,晏刚,周晋.变频空调压缩机及变频调速系统的技术现状[J].制冷与空调,2003,3(2)：11-13
[33]M.P.Kazmierkowski.ImProved Direct Torque and Flux Vector Control of PWM Inverted Induction Motor Drives[J].IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.1999.42(2):489-496
[34]肖凤明.变频空调器微电脑控制电路分析与速修技巧[M].机械工业出版社,2004
[35]徐淑英,刘满足.基于PWM整流技术的能量回馈装置的研究[J].现代电子技术,2007,16(3)：13-15
[36]达正花.电压空间矢量脉宽调制原理[J].甘肃科学学报,2004,16(3)：66-68
[37]Ying H.The simplest fuzzy control using different inference methods and different nonlinear proportional-intrgral controllers with variable gains[J].Automatica,2006,29(2): 603-605
[38]黄军辉,傅沈文.模糊控制理论的发展及应用[J].中国科技信息,2006,12：304-306
[39]Hu B G, Mann G K, Gosine R GTheoretic and genetic design of a three-rule fuzzy PI controller[J].In:Proceedings, Sixth IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy System, 1997,30 (1):499-503
[40]林刚.模糊控制及其在家用电器中的应用[M].机械工业出版社,2006
[41]Wang Li-Xin.A Supervisory Control Systems that guarantees Stability[J].Third IEEE Conference on Fuzzy Systems,2006,2 (4):245-254
[42]张新荣张海堂.自动变速器模糊控制试验研究[M].工程机械,2007,38(1)：20-22
[43]黄黎明,唐朝晖.智能控制过程中模糊专家控制规则的获取[J].计算机工程与应用,2007,43(13)：239-242