摘要
随着我国高速公路通车里程的日益增长,交通流量的不断上升,超重车辆的数量不断地增加,加之施工的不合理,大部分高速公路普遍发生了早期病害,因此,急需一种高效的高速公路病害检测设备。探地雷达(ground penetrating radar, GPR)是一种新型的无损检测设备,与其它无损探测设备相比,它具有速度快、效率高、精度高、分辨率高等优点,广泛应用于高速公路路面病害检测中。但是常规的探地雷达数据处理依据专家经验,由于数据量大,人工检测不仅效率低,而且专家的主观性会带来较大误差。
基于以上原因,本课题通过相关算法实现高速公路厚度自动检测技术。本课题的主要研究内容如下：
(1)探地雷达回波信号正演模拟研究：分析了FDTD(Finite-Domain Finite-Time Method,FDTD)方法的基本原理,FDTD解的收敛性、稳定性和PML(perfectly matched layer, PML)吸收边界条件；FDTD的激励源。并编程实现了基于FDTD的水平分层介质的正演模型。
(2)研究了分层介质层界面自动检测算法：阈值法、匹配滤波器法和MUSIC方法。通过仿真数据比较及实测数据检验,发现MUSIC方法优于阈值法和匹配滤波器法。
(3)基于MATLAB软件设计一个GUI界面：该GUI界面主要包括两个模块。具体如下：
(?)仿真数据模块。此模块建立了高速公路正演模型,并得到理想的GPR回波,为算法验证提供理想数据,然后通过本课题所提供的算法,即阈值检测、匹配滤波器方法、MUSIC算法,进行反演,从而得到高速公路的层界面、时间延迟等参数。
(?)实测数据处理模块,主要包括：探地雷达DZT格式数据的读入,txt格式数据的读入；通过三种算法(阈值检测、匹配滤波器以及MUSIC算法)对实测数据进行层界面检测及时延估计,从而提取其层界面曲线及厚度曲线；
As China's growing highway mileage, the traffic is rising, and the number of overweight vehicles is increasing, coupled with the unreasonable construction of highway, the majority of highway appears early disease. So we need efficient freeway disease detection equipments. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a new and non-destructive testing equipment, it is widely used in highway pavement disease detection, it has many advantages, such as high speed, high efficiency, high accuracy, high resolution and so on. But the conventional ground-penetrating radar data processing is based on expertise. Due to the large volumes of data, manual testing is not inefficient, and the subjectivity of experts will bring great errors.
For the above reasons, this issue studied automatic detection technology. The main research topics are as follows:
(1) GPR signal forward modeling:Analysis of the basic principles of FDTD method, FDTD solution convergence, stability and the PML absorbing boundary conditions；FDTD excitation source. Then programmed based on FDTD simulation of ground-penetrating radar.
(2) Studied the three kinds of automatic detection algorithms:threshold value method, matched filter method and MUSIC method. By comparing the simulation data and measured test data and found that MUSIC method is better than threshold and matched filter method.
(3) MATLAB-based software design a GUI interface, the GUI interface, which consists of two modules:
(?) Simulation data module. This module has established highway forward model, the simulation of ground-penetrating radar detection of surface process, and get the ideal GPR echo, provide the ideal data for algorithm validation, and then the algorithm provided in this article, namely, threshold detection, matched filter method, MUSIC algorithm, the inversion to get highway layer interface, the time delay and other parameters.
(?)The measured data processing module:read the ground-penetrating radar data, both DZT format and txt format; through three kinds of algorithms (threshold detection, matched filter and the MUSIC algorithm) to detect the measured data, and thus extract the interface curve and the thickness curve；
引文
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