摘要
2008年5月12日14点28分发生的四川汶川大地震,造成69176人遇难,374159人受伤,17145人失踪,给中国带来了巨大的损失。尽管随着科技的发展,我国对于地震灾害的预报有了很大的发展,但地区性的地震灾害时有发生,给人们造成严重的打击。
本文正是在这一背景下,结合地震灾区的实际情况,从地震灾害的特点出发,综合考虑了地震灾害中应急物资运输时效性和通行能力,将最短路径理论运用于地震灾害的应急车辆路径选择,以最短时间最大量的基本思路,从现实的角度建立地震灾害应急物流系统中公路运输路径选择模型,用以保障灾区物资供应的及时性,满足灾区救援物资的需求,为国家防灾和减灾提供参考。
本文首先分析了地震灾害应急物流系统的功结构,通过比较得出了地震灾害应急物流系统与一般应急物流系统的不同之处,明确了地震灾害应急物流系统的功能。另外,还通过分析地震灾害的实际情况,阐述了地震灾害应急物流系统对公路运输路径选择的影响,包括运量、总配送时间、道路通行能力以及安全性等影响决策的因素,指出了地震灾害应急物流系统需要达到的目标。然后,引入最短路理论和交通波理论,构建了最短时间最大量的基础模型,确定了地震灾害应急物流系统中公路运输路径选择的基本思路,明确了时间与运量的互相约束条件,建立了地震灾害应急物流系统中公路运输路径选择模型,并提出了解决这一模型的算法。最后,以地震灾区的实际情况为算例,验证了算法的可行性。
At 14:28 on May 12, 2008 there happened a major earthquake, 69,176 people were killed, 374,159 injured, 17,145 missing, which brought China a huge loss. Despite the growth of technology of China's earthquake prediction performing a great development, but regional earthquake occur from time to time, people suffer a severe blow.
This paper under studies just under the background, combined with the actual situation in the earthquake-stricken area, from the characteristics of the earthquake disaster, comprehensively considered the supplies and transport capacity limitations of the earthquake disaster in emergency, using the shortest-way theory applied to the earthquake disaster emergency vehicle routing choice, with the concept of "the shortest time for the largest transport capacity" , established the earthquake disaster emergency logistics system in road transport route choice model from a realistic point of view for the protection of the timeliness of supply to meet the needs of disaster relief supplies to the state disaster prevention and provide a reference for disaster reduction.
In this thesis, the Logistics Emergency System for Earthquake Disaster power structure, obtained by comparing the differences of earthquake disaster emergency logistics system and the general emergency logistics system, and make the functions clear. In addition, by analyzing the actual situation of the earthquake on the Logistics Emergency System for Earthquake Disaster to choose the path of road transport, including traffic, the total delivery time, as well as road safety and other factors that influence the decision-making, pointing out the aim the Logistics Emergency System for Earthquake Disaster to achieve. Then, the introduction of shortest-way theory and transport wave theory, building the model of shortest time for the largest transport capacity, to determine the Route Choosing in Road Transportation of Logistics Emergency System for Earthquake Disaster as the basic ideas, cleared time and capacity constraints of each other, the establishment of a Logistics Emergency System for Earthquake Disaster in road transport route choice model and proposed algorithm to solve this model. Finally, the actual situation in the earthquake-stricken area for example, to verify the feasibility of the algorithm. With 19 pictures, 6 diagram and 40 references.
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