摘要
随着石油与天然气勘探程度的不断提高,石油与天然气的勘探方向逐渐由常规油气藏转变为特殊油气藏,而缝洞型油气藏已成为一个重要的勘探新领域。据资料统计,裂缝性油气藏储量占我国油气探明储量的三分之一,“九五”期间全国可动用的油气储量约四分之三为低孔低渗、致密、裂缝型油气藏储量。因此,裂缝性油气藏的勘探开发,对我国今后油气勘探增储上产具有重要意义。
本文以蜀南地区HBC区块茅口组缝洞型储层为研究对象,开展缝洞型储层描述的技术研究,为下二叠统气藏的勘探提供新的技术思路。利用高信噪比和高分辨率的HBC三维地震资料以及工区内丰富的地质、钻井、录井、测井及测试等资料,为进一步精细地描述下二叠统裂缝发育带,寻找有利的缝洞型气藏提供了有利条件,对茅口组储层裂缝发育带的分布规律研究奠定了良好的地震预测基础,并对HBC构造下二叠统气藏的深层次勘探开发有着重要的意义。
论文利用相干技术、地震反演技术、地震属性分析相结合,预测HBC区块下二叠统茅口组有利裂缝发育带空间分布,为优选勘探目标提供可靠依据。工作中试验了多种技术方法,通过多种方法的比较分析,最终认为在该区能对茅口组缝洞储层预测取得良好效果的技术有以下几种技术:储层地震反演技术、叠后地震属性裂缝检测技术、三维地震相干体技术、叠前地震属性裂缝检测技术、地震三维可视化技术。充分利用三维地震资料的优势,应用三维可视化技术并结合实际的地质、测井资料,通过精细的叠前、叠后地震属性分析等方法,找出对下二叠统茅口组裂缝分布最敏感的叠前、叠后地震属性参数,对下二叠统茅口组储层裂缝发育带作综合描述,并总结其主要裂缝发育带的分布规律,为该区的勘探开发提供可靠的目标。
在论文研究过程中,主要取得了以下进展:
1、首次将逆断层作为储层地震反演的约束条件,提出了逆断层的速度反演。由于本区块逆断层十分发育,茅口组缝洞型储层主要分布于逆断层附近,在进行缝洞型储层预测时,将逆断层作为储层地震反演的约束条件,能够客观反映逆断层对储层分布的控制作用。
2、综合地质与地震资料,结合逆断层地震精细反演和地震敏感属性分析可以实现缝洞型储层半定量和定量描述,在实际应用中取得了比较好的效果。
3、茅口组层内裂缝及溶洞发育,优选的相干属性较好表现出裂缝的发育情况;而叠前裂缝检测因目的层深度较大,检测效果不是很理想。
4、随着计算机技术的迅猛发展,三维可视化已成为三维地震勘探的必要手段。利用三维可视化技术将缝洞识别的敏感属性体进行缝洞储层的三维雕刻,可以清晰的展示了缝洞体的空间分布。
5、优选了有效进行茅口组缝洞体识别的地震综合预测方法,并总结归纳了茅口组缝洞体的地震识别模式,为碳酸盐岩的缝洞型储层描述提供新的技术思路。
With the constant progress of the oil and gas exploration techniques, exploration target is changed, from general to special. Fracture-Cavity Reservoir becomes a key and new exploration aera. It is from statistical data that fracture-cavity reservoir is third of aware reservoir in China. During the "ninth-five", the three fourths of practical reservoir in our country is low porosity and permeability, dense and fractured. So, the exploration of fractured reservoir is very important for broadening reservoir and outcome in the fruture oil and gas exploration.
In this thesis,Fracture-Cavity Reservoir in Maokou Zu is research target and fracture-cavity reservoir description technique research is discussed. It can offer new ideas for the exploration of Lower Permian. By HBC 3d seismic data with high signal-to-noise ratio and high resolution, and the rich geology,well drilling, logging and test data, it can describe fracture vegetal area finely and offer advantages for the exploration favorable fracture-cavity gas reservoir. Also, it settle good seismic prediction base for the monographic study about the distributoin of fracture vegetal area in Maokou Zu. It is very important for the futher exploratory development of HBC structure Lower Permian gas reservoir.
The main methods are coherence tecnique, seismic inversion and seismic property analysis which are used in this thesis . It can predict the steric distributoin of Maokou Zu fracture vegetal area in HBC structure Lower Permian and offer reliable references for optimizing the exploration objects. Many tecniques are tried in this work. By the comparison and analysis, finally, these tecniques which can make Maokou Zu fracture-cavity reservoir prediction better are as follows: reservoir seismic inversion, fracture detection with poststack seismic property , 3d seismic coherence, fracture detection with prestack seismic property and 3d seismic visualization. Using 3d seismic data fully and 3d visualization tecnique, also actual geology and logging data, prestack and poststack seismic property are analysed carefully. Then it can find out the delicate prestack and poststack seismic property parameters of Lower Permian Maokou Zu fracture distribution and describe comprehensively Lower Permian Maokou Zu reservoir fracture. Finally, it can sum up the distribution of main fracture vegetal area and offer reliable objects for the exploration.
By this research, progress is as follows: firstly, reverse faults are the restraint conditions when predicting fracture-cavity reservoir at the first time and velocity inversion of reverse faults is proposed. Because of the rich reverse faults and fracture-cavity reservoir near reverse faults, reverse faults are the restraint conditions when predicting fracture-cavity reservoir. It can be reflexed objectively that reverse faults dominate the reservoir distribution. Secondly, using geology and seismic data, delicate seismic inversion with reverse faults, and seismic sensible property, the quantitative and semi quantitative description of fracture-cavity reservoir can be realized. And some good effects have been gained during the practical application. Thirdly, because of the rich fractures and limestone caves, preferred coherent properties can show the fracture developmental situation well. But, because of the deep intended zone, the effect of prestack fracture detection is not good. Fourthly, with the rapidly development of computer tecnique, 3d visualization becames the indispensable measure in 3d seismic exploration. Using 3d visualization, the sensible property of fracture-cavity recognition can be 3d carved and the spatial distribution of fracture-cavity can be showed clearly. Finally, seismic comprehensive prediction method which can identify Maokou Zu fracture-cavity effectively, is preferred. And seismic recognition mode of Maokou Zu fracture-cavity has been sum up. The new technique idea is offered for the carbonate fracture-cavity reservoir description.
引文
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