摘要
集装箱运输是现代物流业的主要方向,也同时是铁路货物运输的发展方向,在现有的铁路集装箱运输管理信息系统中,由于采用的追踪技术绝大部分是简单的一对一通信模式,无法在任意时刻找寻到集装箱的具体位置,以致现有系统仍很难对车站内的集装箱做到高实时性准确的追踪定位。为了改进这一不足提高车站集装箱信息管理效率,决定将最新的ZigBee技术(短距离低速率无线通信协议)和无线传感器网络以及基于RSSI的定位算法作为此次研究课题,并用ZigBee网络技术和基于RSSI的无线传感器定位技术,研究与设计定位追踪系统来完成对货运车站内集装箱高实时主动的追踪定位,完善现有货运车站集装箱追踪系统,提高铁路运输信息化管理水平。
本文围绕着项目组实际承担的基于ZigBee网络技术及无线传感器网络行业定位应用系统对铁路货运车站环境实用化的集装箱节点定位技术展开了研究。主要研究内容如下:
1)本文通过将RSSI测距方法和Bounding inbox定位算法相结合,提出了铁路货运车站环境下改进的Bounding inbox定位算法。
2)对TI公司基于CC2430芯片开发的精简版ZigBee通信协议进行基础理论性分析和研究,完成对协议栈有限状态机的分析,研究其中关键的网络通信工作原理以及数据包处理机制,并设计开发上层应用程序PP FSM,实现传感器网络中节点之间链路RSSI信息采集和传输。
3)本文对该系统的设计与开发进行了阐述,主要包括:系统需求分析、相关硬件平台介绍、系统总体框架设计和定位节点子系统设计与定位控制台子系统设计,尤其特地说明了本文提出的定位算法思想与ZigBee网络技术在该系统中的实际应用,同时也对设计与实现完成后的“定位系统”制定测试方案,完成对定位系统中各子模块的系统评估和误差分析。
Modern container transport is the main direction of the logistics industry and the development direction of rail freight transport. In the existing management information system of rail transport, the majority of the tracking technology is one-on-one communication model, it can't find the specific location of the container at any time, so that it is difficult for the existing system to achieve the high accuracy of real-time location tracking, and make high improvement in Management. In order to improving the lack of stations and the efficiency of information management, I decide to use the up-to-date ZigBee technology and Wireless sensor networks as well as RSSI-based positioning algorithm as the research topic, to design the positioning system for tracing the cargo containers terminal at the high real-time positioning tracking.
This paper mainly studies on the practical container positioning technology in rail freight station environment around the ZigBee-based network technology and positioning system for Wireless Sensor Networks. Main contents are as follows:
1) This paper study the location algorithm of rail freight container by the way of combining with RSSI ranging method and Bounding inbox location algorithm.
2) Analyse and study the streamlined version of ZigBee communication protocol based on TI's CC2430 chip, grasp the key principle of network communication and the packet processing mechanism, and design the upper application program PP_FSM to get link RSSI information and to achieve its transmission between sensor nodes in the networks.
3) This paper also describes the details of research and development on this system, mainly include system requirement analyses, introduction of hardware platform, framework and architecture of the location system, which especially discuss the practical application of the location algorithm and ZigBee network technology. At the same time, design the test plan in detail for the railway station container location system which have been realized, for the system evaluation and analysis of the node information RSSI collection module, console module.
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