摘要
随着公众对自身健康状况和生活环境要求的不断提高,如何在加快电网建设、保证优质可靠电力供应的同时,做好环境保护工作,谋求电网发展与环境保护的和谐统一,成为了电网企业的工作重点之一。
传统规划模型在满足各项技术约束下寻求投资与运行费用最低,而新的规划问题不仅要考虑电源建设的不确定性、未来负荷变化的不确定性、系统潮流的不确定性及电力交易的不确定性等,还要综合考虑可靠性、投资回报、环保、占地等多种因素。
首先,在环保方面,本文将环保因素分为三大类指标:一、辐射噪声类指标,包括电场指标,磁场指标,无线电干扰指标以及噪声指标;二、通道占地类指标,包括架空线和地下电缆的占地;三、环境协调类指标,包括敏感度因子和协调度因子。通过归一处理,将所有环保因素统一,建立综合环保指标。环保指标的建立考虑两方面内容,一方面是对人群的影响程度,另一方面是影响人群的数量。计及环保因素,建立了变电站环保规划和电网环保规划模型。
其次,在负荷不确定性方面,本文建立了计及负荷不确定的输电网规划模型,通过在规划后的网络中留有一定的网络剩余传输容量以适应未来负荷不确定性波动的影响。在模型中,引入了线路负载率约束和区域负荷增长量约束,使得新模型下求得的网络规划方案能够适应未来各个负荷点的长期小幅度不确定波动的影响和某些区域内负荷的短期大幅度增长的影响。
最后,综合考虑环保因素和负荷不确定性因素,本文建立了综合考虑环保因素和负荷不确定性因素的电网规划模型。考虑环保因素和负荷不确定性因素,上海某地区未来年的网络规划结果对比分析,说明了考虑环保因素和负荷不确定性因素规划的必要性和有效性。
With the continuous improvement of the public demands for their own health conditions and living environment, how to speed up construction of power grids to ensure high quality and reliable supply of electricity at the same time, do a good job in environmental protection work and seek power grid development and environmental protection harmony has become the one of the top priorities of power grid enterprises.
The traditional planning model meet the various technical constraints and seek the lowest investment and operating costs, while the new planning issue consider not only the uncertainty of the power construction, future load changes, power flow and power transactions, but also the factors of reliability, return on investment, environmental protection, land occupation and so on.
On the environment, environmental factors will be divided into three broad categories: First, the radiation noise indicators, including indicators of the electric field, magnetic field indicators, radio interference and noise; Second, the channel covers an area of indicators, including indicators of overhead lines and underground cables square; third, the environmental indicators, including the sensitivity factor and coordination factor. All environmental factors are unified to establish an integrated environmental indicator. Establishment of environmental indicators consider two aspects, on the one hand is the impact to the crowd, on the other hand, the number of affected populations. Taking into account environmental factors, we establish the substation environmental planning and environmental planning model grid.
The planning model taking into account the uncertainty of the electricity transmission networks is established to adapt to the uncertainty condition in the future load fluctuations by remaining transmission capacity in the planning of the network. In this model, the introduction of a line load rate and regional load growth constraints, make the new model of network planning programs adapt to the effect of the slightly uncertain long-term fluctuations in the region and some short-term load substantial growth of the various load points in the future.
Finally, the network planning model of environmental protection and uncertainty load factors is established considering the load uncertainties and environmental factors. Considering the environmental factors and load uncertainty, calculate the future results of years of network planning in a district of Shanghai, and compared it with the traditional deterministic model. The result shows the necessity and effectiveness to plan environmental factors and the uncertainty.
引文
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