太湖蓝藻厌氧发酵产挥发性脂肪酸的研究
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摘要
太湖蓝藻近年来大规模爆发,造成了严重的环境问题。蓝藻中蛋白质等营养成分丰富,是一类具有较高资源化利用价值的固体废弃物。本论文采用厌氧发酵技术对蓝藻资源化利用进行研究,通过优化蓝藻厌氧发酵产酸条件,提高目标产物挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)浓度和底物有机质的降解率与转化率,为蓝藻厌氧发酵产酸技术开发提供基础依据。全文研究内容包括:
(1)预处理技术对蓝藻厌氧发酵产酸的影响。考察热碱预处理技术对蓝藻有机质溶出效果的影响及产酸效果的影响。结果表明,热碱预处理有助于蓝藻中的有机质的溶出,蓝藻预处理液中的总固体(TS)和挥发性固体(VS)含量较未预处理液的略有升高,而SCOD提高了1.96倍。蓝藻预处理液最高产酸量为5.6 g/L左右,乙酸产量为2.9 g/L左右,较未预处理液的分别提高了47.4%、55.9%,其VFAs产率提高了23.0%,乙酸产率提高了34.6%。
(2) pH值对蓝藻厌氧发酵产酸的影响。考察pH对蓝藻产挥发性脂肪酸总量及其构成比,乙酸、总酸产率,蓝藻有机成分降解率及产气量的情况。结果表明,pH=9时,VFAs最高浓度是6.15 g/L ,是pH为5、7的1～3倍;pH为9时,蓝藻产酸率及底物降解率较其它两个pH的有明显提高,VFAs产率和乙酸产率分别为0.274 gVFAs/gVS和0.144 g乙酸/gVS,VS降解率达到51.91%; pH=9时,蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂类降解率达到最高,分别为53.2%、30%和40.6%;pH=9时,蓝藻厌氧发酵产气量最小,从侧面说明了碱性条件增强了蓝藻的产酸能力。
(3)底物浓度对蓝藻厌氧发酵产酸的影响。考察不同底物浓度对蓝藻产挥发性脂肪酸总量、乙酸产量、挥发性脂肪酸构成比及酸产率的影响。研究结果表明,挥发性脂肪酸浓度随着底物浓度的增加而增加,在VS=6%时,有机酸产量达到最高值22.7 g/L,乙酸产量也最高为12.5 g/L;底物浓度对蓝藻厌氧发酵产挥发性脂肪酸构成比有影响,高底物浓度条件下更有利于乙酸的积累,随着底物浓度的不断提高,乙酸占总挥发性脂肪酸的百分比由49%(VS=1%)提高到58%(VS=6%)以上;但酸产率在VS=4%时达到最高值,为0.345 gVFAs/gVS,乙酸产率为0.198g乙酸/gVS。
In recent years, blue algae bloom every year in large scale because of the eutrophication of Taihu Lake. The bloomed algae have to be harvested to clear the lake water. However, it is a serious environmental problem to solve the havested algae. Considering the rich nutrition component such as protein in the algae, it is a promising method to use the algae as a useful resource to produce high value products by biotehnology. In the present research, algae were conversed into volatile fatty acids (VFAs) by using anaerobic fermentation technology. A series of process parameter were tested and optimized to improve VFAs production from algae. The main results are as follows:
(1)Influence of pretreatment on VFAs production by algae from Taihu Lake. The effects of thermal-alkaline pretreatment method on the solubilization of organic matters and VFAs production were investigated. The results showed that thermal-alkaline pretreatment can improve the solubilization of organic matter from algae. After pretreatment the total solids (TS) and volitile solids (VS) content were increased. SCOD was 1.96 times higher than the untreated samples. Meantime, VFAs production by algae can reach up to 5.6 g/L, in which the acetic acid concentration was about 2.9 g/L. The VFAs production of pretreatment samples increased by 47.4% and 55.9% respectively than the untreated samples. The VFAs yield increased by 23.0% and acetic acid yield increased by 34.6%.
(2)The influence of pH value on VFAs production from algae. The VFAs production, composition, acetic acid yield, VFAs yield, the degradation rate organic matters and biogas generation were valued. The results showed that the VFAs concentration can reach up to of 6.15 g/L when pH was 9, which was 1 and 3 times of the concentration of pH at 5 and 7; Meanwhile, VFAs yield and the degradation rate were also higher than that of lower pH condition. The acetic acid yield and VFAs yield were 0.274 gVFAs/gVS and 0.144 g acetate/gVS, respectively. The VS degradation rate was 51.91% and the degradation rates of proteins, carbohydrate and lipid can be as high as 53.2%, 30% and 40.6%, respectively. The biogas generation volume was the lowest level when pH at 9, suggesting that the alkaline condition can improve the VFAs production.
(3)Influence of substrate concentration on VFAs prodution. The effects of different substrate concentrations on VFAs production, composition and VFAs yield were investigated. The results showed that the VFAs production increased gradually with the elevated substrates concentration. When VS was 6%, the VFAs concertration were 22.7 g/L and the acetic acid reached 12.5 g/L; Moreover, the substrate concentration influenced the VFAs composition from algae. High substrate concentration is in favor of acetic acid accumulation, with the increase of substrate concentration, the percentage of acetic acid increased from 49% (VS=1%) to 58% (VS=6%); When the VS is 4%, the VFAs yield reached to the highest level of 0.345 gVFAs/gVS and acetic acid yield reached 0.198 g acetic acid /gVS.
(1)预处理技术对蓝藻厌氧发酵产酸的影响。考察热碱预处理技术对蓝藻有机质溶出效果的影响及产酸效果的影响。结果表明,热碱预处理有助于蓝藻中的有机质的溶出,蓝藻预处理液中的总固体(TS)和挥发性固体(VS)含量较未预处理液的略有升高,而SCOD提高了1.96倍。蓝藻预处理液最高产酸量为5.6 g/L左右,乙酸产量为2.9 g/L左右,较未预处理液的分别提高了47.4%、55.9%,其VFAs产率提高了23.0%,乙酸产率提高了34.6%。
(2) pH值对蓝藻厌氧发酵产酸的影响。考察pH对蓝藻产挥发性脂肪酸总量及其构成比,乙酸、总酸产率,蓝藻有机成分降解率及产气量的情况。结果表明,pH=9时,VFAs最高浓度是6.15 g/L ,是pH为5、7的1～3倍;pH为9时,蓝藻产酸率及底物降解率较其它两个pH的有明显提高,VFAs产率和乙酸产率分别为0.274 gVFAs/gVS和0.144 g乙酸/gVS,VS降解率达到51.91%; pH=9时,蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂类降解率达到最高,分别为53.2%、30%和40.6%;pH=9时,蓝藻厌氧发酵产气量最小,从侧面说明了碱性条件增强了蓝藻的产酸能力。
(3)底物浓度对蓝藻厌氧发酵产酸的影响。考察不同底物浓度对蓝藻产挥发性脂肪酸总量、乙酸产量、挥发性脂肪酸构成比及酸产率的影响。研究结果表明,挥发性脂肪酸浓度随着底物浓度的增加而增加,在VS=6%时,有机酸产量达到最高值22.7 g/L,乙酸产量也最高为12.5 g/L;底物浓度对蓝藻厌氧发酵产挥发性脂肪酸构成比有影响,高底物浓度条件下更有利于乙酸的积累,随着底物浓度的不断提高,乙酸占总挥发性脂肪酸的百分比由49%(VS=1%)提高到58%(VS=6%)以上;但酸产率在VS=4%时达到最高值,为0.345 gVFAs/gVS,乙酸产率为0.198g乙酸/gVS。
In recent years, blue algae bloom every year in large scale because of the eutrophication of Taihu Lake. The bloomed algae have to be harvested to clear the lake water. However, it is a serious environmental problem to solve the havested algae. Considering the rich nutrition component such as protein in the algae, it is a promising method to use the algae as a useful resource to produce high value products by biotehnology. In the present research, algae were conversed into volatile fatty acids (VFAs) by using anaerobic fermentation technology. A series of process parameter were tested and optimized to improve VFAs production from algae. The main results are as follows:
(1)Influence of pretreatment on VFAs production by algae from Taihu Lake. The effects of thermal-alkaline pretreatment method on the solubilization of organic matters and VFAs production were investigated. The results showed that thermal-alkaline pretreatment can improve the solubilization of organic matter from algae. After pretreatment the total solids (TS) and volitile solids (VS) content were increased. SCOD was 1.96 times higher than the untreated samples. Meantime, VFAs production by algae can reach up to 5.6 g/L, in which the acetic acid concentration was about 2.9 g/L. The VFAs production of pretreatment samples increased by 47.4% and 55.9% respectively than the untreated samples. The VFAs yield increased by 23.0% and acetic acid yield increased by 34.6%.
(2)The influence of pH value on VFAs production from algae. The VFAs production, composition, acetic acid yield, VFAs yield, the degradation rate organic matters and biogas generation were valued. The results showed that the VFAs concentration can reach up to of 6.15 g/L when pH was 9, which was 1 and 3 times of the concentration of pH at 5 and 7; Meanwhile, VFAs yield and the degradation rate were also higher than that of lower pH condition. The acetic acid yield and VFAs yield were 0.274 gVFAs/gVS and 0.144 g acetate/gVS, respectively. The VS degradation rate was 51.91% and the degradation rates of proteins, carbohydrate and lipid can be as high as 53.2%, 30% and 40.6%, respectively. The biogas generation volume was the lowest level when pH at 9, suggesting that the alkaline condition can improve the VFAs production.
(3)Influence of substrate concentration on VFAs prodution. The effects of different substrate concentrations on VFAs production, composition and VFAs yield were investigated. The results showed that the VFAs production increased gradually with the elevated substrates concentration. When VS was 6%, the VFAs concertration were 22.7 g/L and the acetic acid reached 12.5 g/L; Moreover, the substrate concentration influenced the VFAs composition from algae. High substrate concentration is in favor of acetic acid accumulation, with the increase of substrate concentration, the percentage of acetic acid increased from 49% (VS=1%) to 58% (VS=6%); When the VS is 4%, the VFAs yield reached to the highest level of 0.345 gVFAs/gVS and acetic acid yield reached 0.198 g acetic acid /gVS.
引文
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