摘要
以海水为工作介质可以使作业机械具有系统结构简单、使用维护方便和环保等优点。因此,海水液压传动技术是当前深海作业技术及装备的研究热点。本文研究了一种轴向柱塞海水液压泵与油浸式直流电机共用轴和轴承的一体化结构型式“电机-泵”。该泵所具有的小型化、便携式和轴承润滑条件好等特点使之特别能满足深海作业机械的需要。
本文中在分析深海水液压泵工作环境和技术难点的基础上,对所研究的液压泵技术难点提出了解决方案,设计制造了样机,并对样机进行了试验研究。
通过对三种现有滑靴结构的对比分析,本文提出一种带有倒锥结构的新型滑靴,并利用塑性力学理论建立了新型滑靴的力学模型,考察了其力学特性。分析结果表明新型滑靴不仅结构简单,摩擦磨损小,而且内外滑靴之间有更大的结合力而不至于受外力脱落。通过试验研究,发现新型滑靴性能良好,证明新型滑靴结构和加工工艺合理。
通过对两种缸孔柱塞副结构的分析,建立了两种缸孔柱塞副结构的力学模型,并利用计算机进行了数值求解,对比分析了其斜盘支反力、缸孔侧压力、接触比压与pv值等的变化趋势。对比分析后发现孔柱塞副采用柱塞缸孔配合长度恒定结构可以减小斜盘支反力、缸孔侧压力、接触比压与pv值,有效改善孔柱塞副的受力状况、减小摩擦磨损。
利用AMESim软件,本文建立了深海水液压泵的配流模型,同时对配流过程进行了仿真研究。通过对仿真结果的分析,讨论了闭死容积、阀芯质量、弹簧刚度、工作压力对水液压泵配流特性的影响并针对性地提出了减小不利影响的方法。
样机加工完毕后,对样机进行了试验研究。试验结果表明:该水液压泵的工作压力可以达到13.5MPa,流量为8.3L/min。
Using seawater as the medium of fluid power transmission is the hot-spot in the field of the deep-sea underwater work machinery. The seawater hydraulic technology not only simplify the structure, maintenance and operation of machinery, but also is compatible with ocean environment. In this thesis, a motor-pump prototype which has integral structure of combining the the seawater hydraulic axial piston pump and the DC motor filled with oil is researched . The DC motor and seawater hydraulic pump share the same shaft and bearings. This motor-pump has many advantages such as miniaturization, portability and good lubricating condition of the bearing etc, so that can be used for the uderwater work machinery in deep-sea.
Basing on the working conditons of Hydraulic Pump applied in Deep Sea and the technological difficulities, the solutions of the key technology of the prototype are presented. Moreover, the prototype has been made and researches about its performances test are carried out.
By comparing availabe three structures of slipper, a new type of slipper with back taper structure is developed. In order to analyse the mechanical characteristic of the slipper, a mechanical model is built according to the plastic mechanics theory. The results demonstrate that the new slipper not only has simple structure, lower friction coefficient and anti-wear, but also there are enough bonding force to keep the internal and external parts of the new kind of slipper being assembled reliably. The results of test manifests that the structure and make processing of the new kind of slipper are reasonable and it has outstanding performances.
Two mechanics models are established according to two combination of cylinder bore and piston pair and calculated by computer. The results show the change trend of opposite force of swashplate, lateral pressure of piston, contact stress and pv- value. By comparison, the structure with the constant length of fit shows much better performances than the other one . It can improve mechanics performances and reduce wear effectively.
Using the software AMESim, a inlet or outlet valve’s model of under seawater hydraulic pump is analysed and its working process is also simulated. According to the result of simulation, the influences of clearance volume, weight of valve, stiffness of spring and working pressure on working performance of Hydraulic Pump applied in Deep Sea are discussed and the methods of decreasing the adverse effects are presented.
A prototype is successfully made. performance tests about it are carried out. The results show that the working pressure of prototype can reach 13.5MPa and out-flow rate can be 8.3L/min.
引文
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