摘要
电力系统的安全稳定运行如今已经成为影响国民经济快速稳定发展的重要因素之一,而在电力系统中,继电保护装置为确保电网的安全稳定运行发挥着极其重要的作用。如今,电网架构日益复杂且形式不一,对继电保护的个性化需求也日益突出,为此各专家学者针对继电保护装置开展了许多研究工作。
在保护的开发过程中,经常碰到这样的问题:一方面,由于当前保护都采用物理底层开发模式,当硬件有所改动时需要花费大量的人力物力来进行调整,耗费大量的时间和人力;另一方面,当需要对保护的某一功能模块进行调整以满足电网的个性化需求时,由于各个模块之间耦合非常强,需要牵动整套保护使得工程量变的非常巨大甚至无法完成。
电力系统继电保护可视化开发平台综合利用组件技术、现代数字式保护技术、数字仿真技术以及虚拟仪器技术,为适应电力系统个性化的继电保护开发提供了技术基础。该平台通过将保护各个功能模块解藕从而使得各个功能模块彼此独立,使得保护的各个功能模块的开发和升级变的简单。这样一方面可以缩短保护的开发周期,节省大量的人力物力;另外一方面可以很方面的满足电力系统继电保护的个性化需求;最后由于本平台的可视化特性,该平台方便可用于研究新型保护算法或原理,也可用于评测已有保护原理对于特定电网的适应性,还可用于电网事故后的保护动作行为分析。与已有的微机保护仿真系统相比,本系统具有如下突出特点:(1)基于虚拟仪器技术;(2)暂态仿真与测试;(3)集成化;(4)组件化;(5)仿真过程可视化和透明化,可以完整观察系统仿真过程以及保护内部动作情况;(6)保护性能评价。
本文将Labview和ATP集成起来,利用ATP实现故障仿真,Labview实现保护仿真,采用了软件框架技术建立数字式保护的软件模型,在虚拟保护仿真系统中模拟物理保护装置,实现保护动作过程可视化、透明化,方便研究保护的新原理、新算法,高效地分析、诊断保护的不正确动作,评价保护动作行为,从而构成了完整的基于虚拟仪器的保护动态仿真与测试系统。该系统模块化设计,开放性好,集成度高,具有可视化功能,有利于观测保护内部动作情况,分析继电保护装置的动态特性。
另外,本系统引入保护系统全自动化测试。虚拟仪器可与实际保护装置(即待测保护装置)并行连接,可利用虚拟仪器作为基准,校验实际装置。
The steady operation of power system has already become one of the important factors that affect the fast stable development of national economy. Meanwhile in the power system, the equipment of relay protection is of vital importance to guarantee the secure and steady operation of the power grid. Nowadays, the intricacy and diversity of structure of power grid urges the specialized need for relay protection. Thereby, many a specialists over the world carry out researches on the equipment of relay protection.
In the protective exploration, there often exist these two common problems: in one hand, it would take piles of human and material resources to realize the change of hardware, for the reason that the present development mode adopts the physical bottom layer; in the other, the coupling amongst the modes is so powerful that it is hard to accomplish or even worse, when it comes to adjust certain functional mode to meet the needs of specific power grid.
The visualized development platform of relay protection in power system synthetically utilizes the configuration, modern digital protection, digital simulation and virtual instrument technology with an aim to provide the foundation for the specific development of relay protection. The platform , via protection on every functional release coupling , achieves the separate of each mode to make it easier to develop and update each mode in the protection. On the one hand, the development cycle of relay protection is shortened and human and material resources are saved; on the other hand, it’s convenient to satisfy the individual demand of the equipment of relay protection in power system. Lastly, due to the visualization characteristic of this platform, it can be easily applied to explore new algorithm or principle of relay protection, to evaluate the adaptability of current principle for special power grid and also have application in the analysis of relay protection action after the power grid accident. Compared with the current computer emulation system of relay protection, this system has the following merits:
1. based on virtual instrument technology,
2. transient simulation and testing,
3. integrated,
4. configuration,
5. the visualization and transparence of the simulation makes it possible to observe the process and inner operation of the protection,
6. protective evaluation.
The paper is aimed at integrating Labview and ATP, that is: first ATP implements Fault Simulation, and Labview achieves Protection Simulation; next, the system adopts the technology of software framework to build software model of digital protection; finally, in the Virtual Protection Simulation System, the Physical Protection Device is simulated so as to realize the visualization and transparentization of the Protection course, which convenience the research on new theory and algorithm, the analysis on the incorrectness of the Protection, and the evaluation on Protection action. All of these consist of the Dynamic Protection Simulation and Testing System which are wholly based on virtual instrument. The module design of the system, which is open, visualized and in high integrated level, gives priority to observe the inner action of the Protection, and analyze dynamic features of relay protection instrument.
Additionally, the system employs the full-scale automatic testing of protection system. The virtual instrument can make parallel joint with the real protection equipment (i.e. the protection equipment to be tested), which could take the virtual instrument as base, and verify the experimental device.
引文
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