摘要
随着我国经济建设的飞速发展和城市人口的不断增加,地下空间的开发正在进入一个飞速发展的新阶段。与此同时,地下空间的火灾危害性也在不断扩大。地下商业街作为一种地下建筑形式,在地下空间的开发利用中占有重要的地位。目前,对于地下商业街火灾风险的研究,多是基于处方式的评价或者采用软件模拟的形式,侧重于火灾单体评价,而对于地下商业街火灾事故发生过程中风险随时间变化,动态的火灾蔓延描述比较少。
本文根据地下商业街结构及其火灾特点,分析其火灾风险的特性。并根据地下商业街的火灾风险特性,考虑物质质量损失率和耐火极限,结合FTA分析,构造单体火灾风险函数。利用数学中的传染病模型,构造动态的火灾蔓延微分方程组,对地下商业街的火灾风险进行评价。在此基础上深化模型,得到火灾风险相关性矩阵,可对地下商业街的消防设施进行合理布局,最后通过实例计算来进一步验证方法的可行性。本文对地下商业街的布局设计和今后开展该方向的深入研究可提供一定参考。
With the rapidly growth of the economic construction and the increasing of population size, the development of underground space is stepping into a new phase. Meanwhile, the fire risk in underground space is expanding. The underground commercial street, as a kind of underground architecture, plays an important role in the exploitation and utilization of underground space. The current study about fire risk of underground commercial street is mainly based on assessment complied with specification, or focus on the single fire risk assessment. But there is little description about fire risk in different time and dynamic fire growth in a fire accident of an underground commercial street.
Based on the structure of underground commercial streets and properties of fires, this study analyzed the characteristics of fire risks. According to the fire risk characteristics of underground commercial streets, combined with FTA, a function model of single fire risk is convinced, with consideration of the rate of mass loss and fire resistant limitation. A dynamic fire spreading differential equation is listed from the concept of epidemic model in Mathematics. Thus, the fire risk of underground commercial streets can be assessed. On this basis, the fire risk matrix of relativity is created after the deepen of that model. Thus a reasonable layout of fire protection facilities of underground commercial streets can be achieved and the feasibility of this method is validated by computing practice. This paper can be a reference for the layout design of underground commercial streets and further studies in this field.
引文
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