摘要
采用扫描电子显微镜与光学显微镜相结合的研究方法,利用石蜡切片技术以及植物茎材的离析技术,通过三维立体结构和二维透射结构的比对实验,系统地研究了长白山海拔2000多米以上的高寒地区濒危植物——林奈木的形态结构。
实验结果发现:林奈木的匍匐茎植株长2m左右,气生茎高10cm左右,匍匐茎和气生茎的直径为0.3cm左右。林奈木的表观结构植纹鉴定实验结果证明:林奈木径向壁镶嵌类型为“I型”,副卫细胞为双细胞横列型。
林奈木的根主要是不定根,根系较浅,分散地长在匍匐茎上,尤其是分枝处,根的初生结构为二原型,根的初生木质部分化过程为外始式,有利于水分吸收。
林奈木茎的表面,表皮层已被周皮所代替。周皮中的木栓细胞为近方形或不规则型,口径较大,数量多,且层叠排列,最外层的木栓细胞口径大,充满了空气。
有利于林奈木长期生活在高寒环境,甚至在零下四十度的环境下生存,较厚而多充满了空气的较大木栓层细胞,可以起到保温御寒的作用。
林奈木茎的中央具有髓,在系统发育上是进化的管状中柱,但是与其它植物不同的是维管形成层为间断活动,这一特点严重局限了林奈木茎的直径不能无限加粗,导致林奈木茎非常纤细。
林奈木的叶子可以持续生活两年,与角质层关系密切,角质层的存在对于叶颉颃寒逆境,具有重要的保护作用。叶的胞间隙很大,形成较大、较多相互连接的通气组织,这一特征与适应阴湿环境关系密切。
离析林奈木的导管分子穿孔板类型为单穿孔、导管分子侧壁纹孔式为互列型,其演化结构为进化型。
本研究为林奈木的系统演化以及颉颃寒逆境的演化结构研究提供了一些参考资料。
By scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy,combining the use of paraffin sections and the segregation technology of plant stems and wood, through three-dimensional structure and the structure of two-dimensional transmission ratio of the experiment, a systematic study about the anatomical structures of Linnaea borealis L. over more than 2000 meters above sea level in Changbai Mountain alpine were carried on.
The results showed that: creeping stem of Linnaea borealis L. was around 2m long, upright stem was about 10cm high, their diameter was about 0.3cm. The results about plant print identification on apparent structural of Linnaea borealis L. showed that: mounted type of radial wall was "I type", the type of sub-ward cells was“row double cells type”.
The roots of Linnaea borealis L. mainly were adventitious roots, spread to superficial soil, especially in the branch, the primary structure of the root was two proto type, the started differentiation of the primary xylem of root was the foreign-style conducive to water absorption.
The epidermis has been replaced by periderm on the surface of stem. Periderm cork cells was nearly square or irregular, large caliber, large quantities, cascading arrangement. The caliber of the outermost layer of cork cells was large, filled the air. These characters were conducive to environment for long-term living in the cold, even in the living environment of forty degrees below zero, a thicker and more full of large air cork cells, can play the role of cold insulation.
There was marrow in the central of stem. It was the evolution of the tube in the column in the system development, but is different from other vascular plants forming a layer of intermittent activity. This characteristic severely limits the diameter of the stem of wood not unlimited increase thick wood stem very slender.
The leaves can continue to live for two years, and was close to the cuticle. The cuticle of the leaf gives the existence of cold stress. Big leaf intercellular spaces form a larger, more interconnected aerenchyma. This feature was close to the damp environment. Perforation plate type though segregation of wood vessel elements was single perforation. The type of pits of vessel wall was in turn type, it was the evolution of the structure of evolutionary type.
This study provided the evolution of Linnaea borealis L. and antagonism in the evolution of structure of cold stress with some references.
引文
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