基于纯相位型液晶空间光调制器的相息图三维显示的研究
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摘要
长期以来,人们为实现三维立体显示做了不懈的努力,在实现三维立体显示的方法和系统等方面进行了大量的研究,使得各种三维立体显示技术得到了长足的发展。目前,有多种途径可以实现三维立体显示,但只有全息技术能够存贮并再现真正意义上的三维信息。然而,传统的全息技术,处理过程费时,复杂,且不可重复。即便是在计算机制全息技术出现后的很长一段时间内,仍然需要使用绘图仪或激光光束扫描记录装置等设备将计算结果制作成全息图进行再现,且无法做到实时显示。近年来得到快速发展的半导体光电技术、计算全息技术、空间光调制器及数字光处理技术(DLP)为实现真三维立体显示奠定了良好的基础。
本研究将空间光调制器和全息技术相结合,利用空间光调制器作为全息图的载体,提出了一种级联两个液晶空间光调制器实现相息图三维显示的方法。该方法以液晶空间光调制器(LC-SLM)为核心器件,将物体的相息图加载到纯相位型LC-SLM上,对应的振幅图加载到振幅型LC-SLM上,平行光经过相息图和振幅图的调制后通过衍射进行三维像的重构。
本论文共五章分为三个部分。第一部分主要回顾三维立体显示技术的概况,发展历史以及基于空间光调制器的三维立体显示的国内外研究现状,介绍了相息图记录和再现原理。第二部分包括第二、三章,主要分析了LC-SLM的原理和应用,特别是纯相位型LC-SLM的重要性能——相位调制特性,通过实验测量了该器件的相位响应曲线,详细分析了LC-SLM的各参数与相息图显示的信息量、再现像分辨率等之间制约关系,并给出了表达式。第三部分包括第四、五章,介绍了利用两个LC-SLM实现相息图再现三维立体像的实验方法。利用计算机模拟三维物体,然后分别计算得到该物体的相息图和振幅图,将其中的相息图输入到纯相位型LC-SLM上,对应的振幅图则输入到振幅型LC-SLM上,两个LC-SLM之间用成像透镜进行级联。当平行光受到纯相位型LC-SLM上的相息图和振幅型LC-SLM的振幅图调制后,从透镜后表面出射的光带有原物体的所有信息,最后衍射形成再现像。实验中,我们分别采用“光”字和立方体框架作为物体,得到了较好的实验结果。为了能够显示比较复杂的物体——人像,我们利用纯相位LC-SLM实时显示的特点,采用分时复用技术,对三维物体进行分组取样,并计算每一分组的相息图,形成分组相息图序列,再现时依次将相息图输入到纯相位型LC-SLM,利用人眼的视觉残留效应以达到连续扫描三维成像的目的。最后对实验结果进行了讨论和评价,并提出了改善的方法和建议。
Over a long term great efforts have been devoted to developing three-dimensional (3D) display. A great deal of researches have been carried out to investigate the methods and systems for 3D display, for this reason, rapid progress has been made in this area. Hitherto there exist many approaches to implement 3D display. Among them, holography is the only 3D imaging technique capable of recording and reconstructing genuine 3D image. However, conventional optical holography is considerably complex, time-consuming, and irreversible. Even after the realization of computer generated holography (CGH), we still need plotter or laser beam scanning recording device to make hologram with the results calculated from CGH, and reconstruct 3D image. In addition, real-time display has not been accomplished yet for a long period.
For the past few years, with the development of semiconductor optoelectronic technology, computer generated holographic technique, spatial light modulator (SLM) and digital light processing (DLP), genuine 3D display becomes feasible.
By combining SLM and the holographic technology, the present research proposes a method for reconstructing 3D image from kinoform with the use of two cascading liquid crystal spatial light modulators (LC-SLM), one of which is phase-only type and the other is amplitude type. The phase-only LC-SLM is used for displaying the kinoform and the amplitude LC-SLM is for amplitude information of the object. In this way,3D image reconstruction is achieved by diffracting the collimated light from the two LC-SLMs cascaded.
This thesis is composed of three parts. In the first part, the history and the main developments of the 3D display techniques were reviewed, and then the present status of 3D display with spatial light modulator was introduced, as well as the basic theory of the kinoform.
In the second part, including chapters 2 and 3, we introduced principles and applications of LC-SLM, especially, the characteristics of phase-only LC-SLM. After that, we measured its phase response curve. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationships between the parameters of LC-SLM, information quantity of kinoform, and the resolution of reconstructed image.
In the third part, including chapters 4 and 5, we presented the experiment for reconstructing 3D image from kinoform with two LC-SLMs.3D objects such as Chinese character“光”and cubic framework were simulated with the use of computer software. The corresponding kinoform and the amplitude image of objects were calculated, respectively. The kinoform (phase information) was written to phase-only LC-SLM1, the amplitude image (amplitude information) was written to another LC-SLM2 operated in amplitude modulation mode, and the kinoform was imaged on LC-SLM2 by the image Lens. When gray-scale kinoform and amplitude image of 3D object were illuminated by a parallel light, the image of the original 3D object could be reconstructed. The experimental results suggested that the proposed technique was feasible. Taking the advantage of the characteristic of real-time display of phase-only LC-SLM, a complex objects-Portrait was reconstructed by time-division multiplexing. The object was decomposed along the longitudinal direction into several sampling groups. The kinoforms of the packed sampling were calculated and then inputted to phase-only LC-SLM in sequence. Due to the time residual effects of human eyes, the corresponding image from the kinoforms could be reconstructed by the diffraction. Accordingly, the 3D image could be seen in free space.
Finally, the experimental results were analyzed, and then the problems appearing in experiment were pointed out. In further, we proposed a scheme on how to improve the experiment.
本研究将空间光调制器和全息技术相结合,利用空间光调制器作为全息图的载体,提出了一种级联两个液晶空间光调制器实现相息图三维显示的方法。该方法以液晶空间光调制器(LC-SLM)为核心器件,将物体的相息图加载到纯相位型LC-SLM上,对应的振幅图加载到振幅型LC-SLM上,平行光经过相息图和振幅图的调制后通过衍射进行三维像的重构。
本论文共五章分为三个部分。第一部分主要回顾三维立体显示技术的概况,发展历史以及基于空间光调制器的三维立体显示的国内外研究现状,介绍了相息图记录和再现原理。第二部分包括第二、三章,主要分析了LC-SLM的原理和应用,特别是纯相位型LC-SLM的重要性能——相位调制特性,通过实验测量了该器件的相位响应曲线,详细分析了LC-SLM的各参数与相息图显示的信息量、再现像分辨率等之间制约关系,并给出了表达式。第三部分包括第四、五章,介绍了利用两个LC-SLM实现相息图再现三维立体像的实验方法。利用计算机模拟三维物体,然后分别计算得到该物体的相息图和振幅图,将其中的相息图输入到纯相位型LC-SLM上,对应的振幅图则输入到振幅型LC-SLM上,两个LC-SLM之间用成像透镜进行级联。当平行光受到纯相位型LC-SLM上的相息图和振幅型LC-SLM的振幅图调制后,从透镜后表面出射的光带有原物体的所有信息,最后衍射形成再现像。实验中,我们分别采用“光”字和立方体框架作为物体,得到了较好的实验结果。为了能够显示比较复杂的物体——人像,我们利用纯相位LC-SLM实时显示的特点,采用分时复用技术,对三维物体进行分组取样,并计算每一分组的相息图,形成分组相息图序列,再现时依次将相息图输入到纯相位型LC-SLM,利用人眼的视觉残留效应以达到连续扫描三维成像的目的。最后对实验结果进行了讨论和评价,并提出了改善的方法和建议。
Over a long term great efforts have been devoted to developing three-dimensional (3D) display. A great deal of researches have been carried out to investigate the methods and systems for 3D display, for this reason, rapid progress has been made in this area. Hitherto there exist many approaches to implement 3D display. Among them, holography is the only 3D imaging technique capable of recording and reconstructing genuine 3D image. However, conventional optical holography is considerably complex, time-consuming, and irreversible. Even after the realization of computer generated holography (CGH), we still need plotter or laser beam scanning recording device to make hologram with the results calculated from CGH, and reconstruct 3D image. In addition, real-time display has not been accomplished yet for a long period.
For the past few years, with the development of semiconductor optoelectronic technology, computer generated holographic technique, spatial light modulator (SLM) and digital light processing (DLP), genuine 3D display becomes feasible.
By combining SLM and the holographic technology, the present research proposes a method for reconstructing 3D image from kinoform with the use of two cascading liquid crystal spatial light modulators (LC-SLM), one of which is phase-only type and the other is amplitude type. The phase-only LC-SLM is used for displaying the kinoform and the amplitude LC-SLM is for amplitude information of the object. In this way,3D image reconstruction is achieved by diffracting the collimated light from the two LC-SLMs cascaded.
This thesis is composed of three parts. In the first part, the history and the main developments of the 3D display techniques were reviewed, and then the present status of 3D display with spatial light modulator was introduced, as well as the basic theory of the kinoform.
In the second part, including chapters 2 and 3, we introduced principles and applications of LC-SLM, especially, the characteristics of phase-only LC-SLM. After that, we measured its phase response curve. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationships between the parameters of LC-SLM, information quantity of kinoform, and the resolution of reconstructed image.
In the third part, including chapters 4 and 5, we presented the experiment for reconstructing 3D image from kinoform with two LC-SLMs.3D objects such as Chinese character“光”and cubic framework were simulated with the use of computer software. The corresponding kinoform and the amplitude image of objects were calculated, respectively. The kinoform (phase information) was written to phase-only LC-SLM1, the amplitude image (amplitude information) was written to another LC-SLM2 operated in amplitude modulation mode, and the kinoform was imaged on LC-SLM2 by the image Lens. When gray-scale kinoform and amplitude image of 3D object were illuminated by a parallel light, the image of the original 3D object could be reconstructed. The experimental results suggested that the proposed technique was feasible. Taking the advantage of the characteristic of real-time display of phase-only LC-SLM, a complex objects-Portrait was reconstructed by time-division multiplexing. The object was decomposed along the longitudinal direction into several sampling groups. The kinoforms of the packed sampling were calculated and then inputted to phase-only LC-SLM in sequence. Due to the time residual effects of human eyes, the corresponding image from the kinoforms could be reconstructed by the diffraction. Accordingly, the 3D image could be seen in free space.
Finally, the experimental results were analyzed, and then the problems appearing in experiment were pointed out. In further, we proposed a scheme on how to improve the experiment.
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