摘要
火炮作为一种传统兵器,是地面部队大量装备的主要火力武器。炮管是火炮的重要组成部分,其作用是赋予弹丸预定的初速和射击方向,以使火炮完成规定的战斗任务。身管内膛的维护保养对于提高射击准确度和影响火炮寿命有着关键作用,要求在火炮弹丸发射之后及时清除炮膛内壁表面所挂留的铜渍和尼龙渍等残留物。
为改变传统的人工推拉方式清洗炮膛的现状,本文设计了一种基于剪叉结构和齿轮轮系传动,实现清洁头在炮管内的旋转往复运动的新型火炮炮膛清洗装置。该装置能携带清洁头在炮膛内自动化作业,从而大大减少人力,且具有重量轻、作业效率高、操作简单等特点。通过火炮身管外径调节径向尺寸,该装置可应用于各种口径火炮。
论文围绕火炮炮膛新型清洗装置的设计与特性分析展开研究工作,主要内容如下:
1.针对国内炮管维护的需求及炮管维护过程中存在的问题,提出了炮膛清洗装置的设计要求和具体指标,进行了总体方案设计,包括固定装置设计、伸缩方式设计、驱动方式设计等,使用三维建模软件进行零件的建模和装配,并对装配体进行静态干涉和动态碰撞检查。
2.拟定传动方案,绘制传动系统结构简图,阐述了其工作原理与驱动原理,对管外固定装置进行了设计与分析,同时计算分析了剪叉结构关键参数。机械结构设计定型后,分析装置工作状况,选用合适的电机。
3.对空间剪叉机构进行了正向和逆向运动学分析,对装置进行运动学建模和运动仿真,验证了运动学模型的正确性,为装置原理样机研制打下基础,并为样机的控制系统设计提供了数学模型。
4.对与本论文有关的模态分析理论进行了阐述,利用大型通用有限元软件ABAQUS,对空间剪叉结构进行了模态分析,得出了一些有用的结论。
As a traditional main firepower weapons, artillery has been a great deal equiped in the ground force. The gun barrel is an important part of the auto-guns. Its function is to give a muzzle velocity of the projectile and target shooting to enable artillery completing combat. The maintenance of the gun barrel has a crucial role in improving the accuracy of fire and effecting the life. Therefore, it is proposed to clean the leftover such as copper and nylon on the abdominal wall of artillery.
In order to change the traditional gun barrel cleaning system that can be pulled or pushed only by hand, we develop a new cleaning system, which is controlled by scissors mechanism and gear wheels. It can move automatically toting the bore brush equipment. The automatic cleaning system can reduce manpower. The cleaning device should be lightweight, quick, easy to operate. This design makes device automatic adjust radial dimension according to artillery bore. It can be applied in all kinds of caliber artillery. Some research has been carried out on the design and characteristic analysis of a new cleaning device for gun barrel. The major research effects include the following:
1. Aim that the requirement of maintenance and some problem in cleaning gun barrel, the design requirements and index is presented in this paper. Overall design and various functions module design methods are given, including design of fix device, mode of Rotational and expansionand driving method. The mechanical structure of this set was designed and optimized. All parts were modeling by three-dimension software, in which the action collision test was operated also.
2. The design blue print was made based on the sketch of transmission system. The operation principle and driving principle of the mechanism is introduced. Then,it designs and analysis the fix device. The key parts of scissors mechanism were made design and analysis. After the mechanical structure design, the working condition of the set was mad analysis and the suitable motor was found.
3. For the space scissors mechanism, the forward and inverse kinematics analysis was made. The kinematical model of the whole set was built, and the emluator was made to make sure its kinematical model was correct. The dissertation presented a cute mathematical model for the further dynamical control design, and made a good effort in the development of cleaning device.
4. The paper expounds the relative theory of modal analysis. Using large-scale current finite element software ABAQUS, the paper analyzes natural frequencies of the space scissors mechanism, and draw some useful conclusions from the which come out from the experiment modal analysis.
引文
[1]王军良.未来火炮的技术动向[J].国外坦克,2004,4:46-48
[2]周兴阳.野战擦炮机[P].CN-Patent:200320131690.1,2005
[3]李光伟,杭小初.对火炮身管寿命的几点思考[J].兵器试验,2007,03:50-55
[4]金志明,翁春生,张国强.膛炸模式及其机理分析[J].兵工学报,2001,22(4):448-451
[5]郭周鸣,冼业荣,吴顺华.一种清洁炮管用炮弹[P].CN-Patent:200610122235.3,2007
[6]朱洪伟,韩兴军,朱立才.自动擦炮机[P].CN-Patent: 200410024477.X,2005
[7]赵京鹤.炮管内膛清洗机研制[D].长春理工大学硕士论文,2008.04.
[8]曾德聪.炮管擦洗机器人机械系统设计与分析[D].南京理工大学硕士论文,2008.04.
[9]郝鹏飞,张晓东,董志国.磨料流技术及其在火炮炮膛加工擦拭中的应用[J].机械管理开发,2008,23(4):119-120
[10]米尔弗姆公司[OL]. http://www.army-technology.com/
[11] B.P. Nagaraj, R. Pandiyan, Ashitava Ghosal. A constraint Jacobian based approach for static analysis of pantograph masts[J]. Computers and Structures, 2010, 88 :95-104.
[12] T.Langbecker, F.Albermani. Kinematic and non-linear analysis of foldable barrel vaults[J]. Engineering Structures, 2001, 23: 158-171.
[13] F. Escrig, J.P. Valcarcel, J. Sanchez, Deployable cover on a swimming pool in seville[J], Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures 1996, 37 (1): 39–70.
[14] W.-J. Chen, L.-Y. Luo, et al., A study on space masts based on octahedral truss family[J], International Journal of Space Structures 16 (1) (2001) 75–82.
[15]魏发孔.水平驱动剪刀撑乐池升降机的动力性能研究[J].甘肃工业大学学报,1997,23(4):48-50.
[16]解本铭,郭海乐.叉剪叉液压平台车结构模态有限元分析[J].中国民航大学学报,2007,25(2):25-27
[17]卫良保,陶元芳,王鹰.液压升降平台结构有限元分析计算[J].建筑机械,2003(10):58-60
[18]孙东明,董为民,李珊.对称驱动的重载剪叉升降平台的设计[J].机械设计与制造,2006,23(6):23-24
[19] Jing-Shan Zhao, Fu-lei Chu, Zhi-Jing Feng. The mechanism theory andapplication of deployable structures based on SLE[J]. Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2009, 44:324–335.
[20]胡小舟,胡军科,何国华.剪叉式举升机构建模及关键参数的研究[J].机械研究与应用,2006,19(4):84-85.
[21]邓宏光,孙大刚,游思坤等.剪叉式升降平台建模及关键参数研究[J].机电工程技术,2005,34(7):20-22.
[22]周培德,姜涛.剪叉式高空平台车金属结构的强度分析[J].起重运输机械,1990,3:23-27
[23]宋耀军,刘榛.液压缸驱动的剪刀撑机构运动及动力学分析[J].起重运输机械,2004(2):41-43.
[24]李鄂民,李金涛.剪叉机构中两种液压缸布置方式的分析和比较[J].甘肃工业大学学报,2000,26(1):54-57.
[25] Gants CJ, Connor JJ, Logcher RD and Rosenfeld Y, Structural analysis and design of deployable structures[J]. Comp & Struct. 1989, 32(3/4): 661-669
[26] C. Hachem, E. Karni, A. Hanaor, Evaluation of biological deployable systems[J], International Journal of Space Structures. 2005, 20 (4): 189–200
[27] Y. Chen, Z. You, T. Tarnai, Threefold-symmetric bricard linkages for deployable structures[J], International Journal of Solids and Structures. 2005, 42: 2287–2301
[28] C.J. Gantes, E. Konitopoulou, Geometric design of arbitrarily curved bi-stable deployable arches with discrete joint size[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 2004, (41): 5517–5540.
[29] W. Chen, G. Fu, et al. A new design conception for large span deployable flat grid structures[J], International Journal of Space Structures. 2002, 17(4): 293–299
[30] T. Langbecker, Kinematic analysis of deployable scissor structures, International Journal of Space Structures. 1999, 14 (1) : 1–15
[31] W. Shan: Computer Analysis of Foldable Strutures[J]. Compt Struct. 1992, 42: 903-912
[32] A. S. K. Kwan and S. Pellegrino. Matrix Formulation of Micro-elements for Deployable Structures[J]. Compt Struct. 1994,50: 237-254
[33]赵火应.装甲装备器材保养与封存[M].国防工业出版社,2006
[34]魏辉.关于剪叉升降台比较分析[J].科技风,2009,11:191-192
[35]陈余庆.剪刀叉升降台的改进和应用[J].化学工程与装备,2008,10:110-111
[36]陈晓波.电动剪叉升降台推力方式的探讨[J].演艺设备与科技,2005(2):22-25
[37]谭胜,付洪瑞,王士钊.QF炮膛擦拭剂的研制[J].军械工程学院学报,2007,19(1):45-46
[38]王启平.机床夹具设计[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2005
[39]刘安琦.温室采摘车的机电一体化设计[D].北京工业大学硕士论文,2009
[40]黄珊秋.机械设计课程设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[41]王辉,方宗德,张国胜等.装备可控悬架的整车虚拟样机协同仿真[J].机械科学与技术,2006,25(7):874-877
[42]张立杰,陶溢,李明宇等.全方位偏摆关节机构运动分析及仿真[J].机械设计与研究,2007,22(3):27~31
[43] Sunh.C.H,Radcliffe.C.Waft,上海交通大学机械原理教研室译[M],北京:机械工业出版社,1983
[44]史新格,张玉兰,王荣芝.平面剪刀型便携式结构的力学分析[J].工业建筑,2007,增刊:1003-1007
[45]陈小川.虚拟制造技术研究概况综述[J].机械制造,198(12):8-10
[46]李瑞涛,方泪,张文明.虚拟样机技术的概念及应用[J].机电一体化,200(5):17-15
[47]姜士湖.虚拟样机技术及在国内的应用前景[J].机械,2003(1):4-7
[48]郑凯,胡仁喜,陈鹿民.ADAMS2005机械设计高级应用实例[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[49]王国强,张进平,马若丁.虚拟样机技术及其在ADAMS上的实践[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2002
[50]张旭,毛恩荣.机械系统虚拟样机技术的研究与开发[J].中国农业大学学报,1999,4(2):94-98
[51]郑建荣.ADAMS虚拟样机技术入门与提高[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001
[52]李军,邢俊文,覃文洁.ADAMS实例教程[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2002
[53]陈新荣,余跃庆,姜春福.基于虚拟样机的机器人仿真[J].北京工业大学学报,2004(3):38-40
[54]张春.空间可展机构弹性动力学特性研究[J].机械科学与技术,2007,26(11):1479-1489
[55]孙大涌等.先进制造技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[56]张曙,U.Heisel.并联运动机床Parallel Kinematics Machine Tool [M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2003
[57]石亦平,周玉蓉.ABAQUS有限元分析实例详解[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008
[58]殷国卓.空间可展结构的几何构成及力学分析[D].硕士学位论文.北京交通大学,2008
[59]李东旭.高等结构动力学[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1997
[60]谭全芹,陈庚超,李小平.大型网状可展开天线模态分析[J].飞行器测控学报,2005,24(2):21-24
[61]同方,薛璞.振动理论及应用[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,1998
[62]曹永晟,高速磁悬浮列车轨道模态分析[D].国防科技大学硕士学位论文,2003
[63]徐燕申.机械动态设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[64]张宪栋.机床结构动态性能分析与设计的应用研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文,2005
[65]李东旭.大型挠性空间桁架结构动力学分析与模糊振动控制[M].科学出版社,北京:2008