摘要
随着社会经济的快速发展,人口、资源、交通、环境等社会问题日益突出,自然灾害也频繁发生,突发事件已经极大地危害着我国经济发展与社会稳定,突发事件下应急物流的调度问题也成为关注的焦点,突发公共事件应急物流系统必须在有限的时间、空间和资源约束下满足应急物流需求,以实现时间效益最大化和灾害损失最小化。论文以应急物资配送网络为研究对象,利用最短路理论建立应急物资配送网络规划模型进行优化,从而找到满足多目标要求的最优配置网络,提高应急物资配送的有效性和快速响应速度,支持应急物流调度决策。
论文重点针对应急物资配送网络应急调度的三种突发情形:1.配送网络的配送成本发生改变的情形;2.当某条路由于突发事件发生断裂的情形;3.已有网络不畅通而新修了一条路的情形。建立基于图论的最短路概念模型,将其分别抽象为最短路问题的三种具体情形:1.弧上权值的改变(变大或变小)的情形;2.去掉网络中的一条弧的情形;3.在网络中添加一条弧的情形。进而,运用具有约束条件的最短路问题分析方法进行了理论分析,给出了每种情形的解决方法和算法设计。采用Dijkstra以及Floyd两种算法,编写程序,求得最优解,并在实例中进行了仿真实验。
论文研究未能列举出应急物流调度问题的各种可能情况,理论模型的建立没有考虑应急物流调度多目标决策下的资源冲突(约束条件不能全部满足)等对决策结果的影响,均将作为今后继续研究的方向之一。
With the social and economic development, population, resources, transportation, environmental and other social problems have become increasingly prominent, meanwhile, the natural disaster also frequently occurs. Emergencies and incidents already have been harming China’s economic development and the social stability. Dispatch problems, which are about Emergency Logistics Distribution in the emergencies and incidents, have been the focus in our country. Emergency logistics systems should meet the demand of the emergency logistics in the constraint condition of the limited time, the space and the resources, which can realizes the maximization of the time benefit and the minimum of the disaster loses. This dissertation takes the network of Emergency Logistics Distribution as its object, and takes use of the Shortest-path theory to establish the mathematical models on the network of Emergency Logistics Distribution, and then to optimize it. It will therefore find out the optimized distribution network to meet the requirement of multiple objective functions with update constraints. It is helpful to enhance the validity and the high response speed of Emergency Logistics Distribution, at the same time to support dispatch decision-making on the emergency logistics.
This dissertation aims at three kinds of sharp-edged situations about the network of Emergency Logistics Distribution, as follows: the first is that cost of distribution network happens to charge; the second is that emergencies and incidents cause some road to be broken; the third is that, because existing network is unsmooth, it needs to rebuild another road. According to the above three kinds of situations, the paper adopts shortest-path concept model based on the graph theory, and it abstract three kinds of the conditions on the shortest-path problem, as follows: the first is that weights on the arc have to charge (fill out or trail off); the second is that an arc of the network has been deleted; the third is that an arc of the network has been added. Proceed to the next step, it goes to theoretical analysis and has given the solution and algorithm design for each condition. It uses Dijkstra and Floyd arithmetic, and obtains the optimal solution with the editing routine. Meanwhile, it takes the simulation experiment in the case.
This dissertation has not been able to enumerate each kind of possibility situation on the dispatch problems of the Emergency Logistics, and the establishment of the theoretical model has not considered resources conflict of the multi-objective decision about the Emergency Logistics(the constraints cannot be satisfied completely), which makes influence to result of the strategic decision. All of these will be as one of research areas to continue studying.
引文
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