不同刈割茬次和物候期的苜蓿对奶牛营养价值的比较研究
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摘要
本论文主要以常规营养物质的含量、奶牛瘤胃降解率为主要指标比较研究了西北地区甘肃省三个种植区的苜蓿在不同茬次和不同物候期的营养价值,为苜蓿在奶牛日粮中的科学利用提供理论基础。
论文共分2个试验。试验一主要研究了不同茬次和不同物候期的苜蓿草中常规营养物质指标的变化规律。各项常规指标包括:干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、NDF、ADF、总能、钙和磷,每个样品3个重复。
试验二利用尼龙袋法研究了不同茬次和不同物候期的苜蓿草在奶牛瘤胃内的干物质降解率、蛋白质降解率、NDF降解率及ADF降解率。于晨饲前1小时投袋,并于投袋后4、8、16、24、36、48、72小时七个时间点取样。
在本试验条件下初步得出以下结果:
1、不同刈割茬次对苜蓿营养价值有显著的影响(p<0.05),年刈割三茬地区,第三茬苜蓿草的NDF和ADF含量较低、CP含量较高,RFV值最高,瘤胃降解率较高,营养价值最高;第二茬苜蓿草NDF和ADF含量较高、CP含量较低,RFV值最低,瘤胃降解率较低,营养价值最差,第一茬则居中;年刈割两茬地区,第一茬刈割的苜蓿NDF和ADF含量低于二茬草,CP含量与RFV值、瘤胃降解率略高于二茬草,一茬草的营养价值略高于二茬草。
2、物候期对苜蓿营养物质含量有显著的影响(p<0.05),随着生育期的发展,苜蓿草的NDF与ADF含量呈现逐渐增加的趋势,CP含量逐渐下降。现蕾期的苜蓿草NDF与ADF含量最低,CP含量、RFV值与瘤胃降解率最高,营养价值最好;盛花期正好相反,营养价值最差;初花期和开花期居中。
3、刈割茬次和物候期的互作效应对苜蓿营养物质指标的影响显著(p<0.05),其中年刈割三茬地区,以第三茬现蕾期苜蓿草的NDF与ADF含量最低,CP含量较高高,RFV值与瘤胃降解率较高,第二茬盛花期刈割的苜蓿草正好相反;年刈割两茬地区,以第一茬现蕾期的NDF与ADF含量最低,CP含量较高,RFV值与瘤胃降解率较高,营养价值最好,第二茬盛花期NDF与ADF含量最高,CP含量较低,RFV值与瘤胃降解率较低,营养价值最低。
4、随着瘤胃内降解时间的延长,苜蓿的DM、CP、NDF及ADF的实时降解率均呈现逐渐上升的趋势,且CP在16h、DM、NDF和ADF降解率在24h后趋于稳定。
5、DM、CP、NDF与ADF在奶牛瘤胃内的有效降解率与48h实时降解率高度相关。
The present study was conducted to comparate the nutrition value of different alfalfa in different stubble and different phenophase from three regions of GANSU province in order to provide important theoretical foundation for scientific application of alfalfa in dairy cows.
The experiment was divided into 2 parts. The first experiment was conducted to study conventional nutrients of different alfalfa samples in different stubble and different phenophase from three regions of GANSU province. Nutrients mainly included dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, NDF, ADF, calcium and phosphorus and general energy. Each sample included3 replicates.
The second experiment was conducted to study the degradation rate of dry matter, crude protein, NDF and ADF of different alfalfa in rumen of dairy cows at 4, 8, 16, 24, 36, 48 and 72h by nylon bag technique.
The results showed that :
(1) The nutritional value of alfalfa were significantly affected by stubble. The alfalfa in the third cutting would be lower in NDF and ADF content , higher in crude protein content , RFV value and nutrient degradation rate in rumen of dairy cows, and had the best nutritive value in the regions cut for three times each year. On the contrast, the alfalfa in the second-cutting would be higher in NDF and ADF content , lower in crude protein content , RFV value and nutrient degradation rate in rumen of dairy cows, and had the worst nutritive value.The first cutting was between the the third and the second cutting. Compared with the alfalfa in the second cutting, the alfalfa in the first cutting would be slightly lower in NDF and ADF content , slightly higher in crude protein content , RFV value and nutrient degradation rate in rumen of dairy cows, and had the slightly better nutritive value in the regions cut for three times each year.
(2) The nutritional value of alfalfa were significantly affected by the phenological phase. With the prolonged growth stages the NDF and ADF contents were increased and the CP content and RFV value and degradation ratio were reduced significantly. The nutritional value of alfalfa in the squaring stage would be the best ,and , nutritional value of alfalfa in the bloom stage would be the worst.
(3)The nutritional value of alfalfa were significantly affected by the interaction between mow stubble and phenological phase. The alfalfa during squaring stage in the third cutting would be lower in NDF and ADF content , higher in crude protein content , RFV value and nutrient degradation rate in rumen of dairy cows, and had the best nutritive value in the regions cut for three times each year. The alfalfa during bloom stage in the second cutting would be higher in NDF and ADF content , and lower in crude protein content , RFV value and nutrient degradation rate in rumen of dairy cows, and had the worst nutritive value in the regions cut for three times each year. The alfalfa during squaring stage in the first cutting would be lower in NDF and ADF content , higher in crude protein content , RFV value and nutrient degradation rate in rumen of dairy cows, and had the best nutritive value in the regions cut for two times each year. The alfalfa during bloom stage in the second cutting would be higher in NDF and ADF content , and lower in crude protein content , RFV value and nutrient degradation rate in rumen of dairy cows, and had the worst nutritive value in the regions cut for two times each year.
(4) Degradation rate of DM, CP, ADF and NDF of alfalfa in rumen of cows at different time points were increased with the extension of degradation time in the rumen. The CP degradation rate after 16h tended to be stable , and degradation rate of DM and NDF and ADF after 24h tended to be stable..
(5) There were strong and significant correlation between effective degradation rate DM, CP, ADF and NDF in the rumen of dairy cows and the degradation rate at 48h in cows in the rumen.
论文共分2个试验。试验一主要研究了不同茬次和不同物候期的苜蓿草中常规营养物质指标的变化规律。各项常规指标包括:干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、NDF、ADF、总能、钙和磷,每个样品3个重复。
试验二利用尼龙袋法研究了不同茬次和不同物候期的苜蓿草在奶牛瘤胃内的干物质降解率、蛋白质降解率、NDF降解率及ADF降解率。于晨饲前1小时投袋,并于投袋后4、8、16、24、36、48、72小时七个时间点取样。
在本试验条件下初步得出以下结果:
1、不同刈割茬次对苜蓿营养价值有显著的影响(p<0.05),年刈割三茬地区,第三茬苜蓿草的NDF和ADF含量较低、CP含量较高,RFV值最高,瘤胃降解率较高,营养价值最高;第二茬苜蓿草NDF和ADF含量较高、CP含量较低,RFV值最低,瘤胃降解率较低,营养价值最差,第一茬则居中;年刈割两茬地区,第一茬刈割的苜蓿NDF和ADF含量低于二茬草,CP含量与RFV值、瘤胃降解率略高于二茬草,一茬草的营养价值略高于二茬草。
2、物候期对苜蓿营养物质含量有显著的影响(p<0.05),随着生育期的发展,苜蓿草的NDF与ADF含量呈现逐渐增加的趋势,CP含量逐渐下降。现蕾期的苜蓿草NDF与ADF含量最低,CP含量、RFV值与瘤胃降解率最高,营养价值最好;盛花期正好相反,营养价值最差;初花期和开花期居中。
3、刈割茬次和物候期的互作效应对苜蓿营养物质指标的影响显著(p<0.05),其中年刈割三茬地区,以第三茬现蕾期苜蓿草的NDF与ADF含量最低,CP含量较高高,RFV值与瘤胃降解率较高,第二茬盛花期刈割的苜蓿草正好相反;年刈割两茬地区,以第一茬现蕾期的NDF与ADF含量最低,CP含量较高,RFV值与瘤胃降解率较高,营养价值最好,第二茬盛花期NDF与ADF含量最高,CP含量较低,RFV值与瘤胃降解率较低,营养价值最低。
4、随着瘤胃内降解时间的延长,苜蓿的DM、CP、NDF及ADF的实时降解率均呈现逐渐上升的趋势,且CP在16h、DM、NDF和ADF降解率在24h后趋于稳定。
5、DM、CP、NDF与ADF在奶牛瘤胃内的有效降解率与48h实时降解率高度相关。
The present study was conducted to comparate the nutrition value of different alfalfa in different stubble and different phenophase from three regions of GANSU province in order to provide important theoretical foundation for scientific application of alfalfa in dairy cows.
The experiment was divided into 2 parts. The first experiment was conducted to study conventional nutrients of different alfalfa samples in different stubble and different phenophase from three regions of GANSU province. Nutrients mainly included dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, NDF, ADF, calcium and phosphorus and general energy. Each sample included3 replicates.
The second experiment was conducted to study the degradation rate of dry matter, crude protein, NDF and ADF of different alfalfa in rumen of dairy cows at 4, 8, 16, 24, 36, 48 and 72h by nylon bag technique.
The results showed that :
(1) The nutritional value of alfalfa were significantly affected by stubble. The alfalfa in the third cutting would be lower in NDF and ADF content , higher in crude protein content , RFV value and nutrient degradation rate in rumen of dairy cows, and had the best nutritive value in the regions cut for three times each year. On the contrast, the alfalfa in the second-cutting would be higher in NDF and ADF content , lower in crude protein content , RFV value and nutrient degradation rate in rumen of dairy cows, and had the worst nutritive value.The first cutting was between the the third and the second cutting. Compared with the alfalfa in the second cutting, the alfalfa in the first cutting would be slightly lower in NDF and ADF content , slightly higher in crude protein content , RFV value and nutrient degradation rate in rumen of dairy cows, and had the slightly better nutritive value in the regions cut for three times each year.
(2) The nutritional value of alfalfa were significantly affected by the phenological phase. With the prolonged growth stages the NDF and ADF contents were increased and the CP content and RFV value and degradation ratio were reduced significantly. The nutritional value of alfalfa in the squaring stage would be the best ,and , nutritional value of alfalfa in the bloom stage would be the worst.
(3)The nutritional value of alfalfa were significantly affected by the interaction between mow stubble and phenological phase. The alfalfa during squaring stage in the third cutting would be lower in NDF and ADF content , higher in crude protein content , RFV value and nutrient degradation rate in rumen of dairy cows, and had the best nutritive value in the regions cut for three times each year. The alfalfa during bloom stage in the second cutting would be higher in NDF and ADF content , and lower in crude protein content , RFV value and nutrient degradation rate in rumen of dairy cows, and had the worst nutritive value in the regions cut for three times each year. The alfalfa during squaring stage in the first cutting would be lower in NDF and ADF content , higher in crude protein content , RFV value and nutrient degradation rate in rumen of dairy cows, and had the best nutritive value in the regions cut for two times each year. The alfalfa during bloom stage in the second cutting would be higher in NDF and ADF content , and lower in crude protein content , RFV value and nutrient degradation rate in rumen of dairy cows, and had the worst nutritive value in the regions cut for two times each year.
(4) Degradation rate of DM, CP, ADF and NDF of alfalfa in rumen of cows at different time points were increased with the extension of degradation time in the rumen. The CP degradation rate after 16h tended to be stable , and degradation rate of DM and NDF and ADF after 24h tended to be stable..
(5) There were strong and significant correlation between effective degradation rate DM, CP, ADF and NDF in the rumen of dairy cows and the degradation rate at 48h in cows in the rumen.
引文
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